FIRST AID AND
WATER SAFETY
JESSIE BOY C. CANARIA
INSTRUCTOR
MODULE 1:
INTRODUCTION TO
FIRST-AID
COMMUNITY FIRST AID
What is ‘first aid’
“Help given to a sick or
injured person until full
medical treatment is
available”
“…provision of initial care
for an illness or injury”
So what does this mean?
“First aid is an immediate care given
to a person who has been injured or
suddenly taken ill. It includes self-
help and home care if medical
assistance is not available or
delayed.”
Objectives of First Aid
PREVENT
ALLEVIATE FURTHER PROLONG
SUFFERING INJURY or LIFE
DANGER
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
A first aider has various roles and responsibilities.
They should:
1. Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the
physician
It is not intended to compete with, or take the place of
the services of the physician.
It ends when the services of a physician begin.
Roles and Responsibilities of a First Aider
[Link] safety of him / herself and that of bystanders.
[Link] access to the victim.
[Link] any threats to patient’s life.
[Link] advanced medical care as needed.
[Link] needed care for the patient.
[Link] advanced personnel.
[Link] all findings and care given to the patient.
Characteristics of a Good
First Aider
Hindrance in giving First Aid
Unfavorable environment
Presence of crowd
Pressure from victim or relatives
Hindrance in giving First Aid
Unfavorable environment
Presence of crowd
Pressure from victim or relatives
Hindrance in giving First Aid
Unfavorable environment
Presence of crowd
Pressure from victim or relatives
Transmission of
Diseases and
the First Aiders
How Diseases are
Transmitted?
Direct Contact transmission
When a person touches an
infected person’s body fluids.
Indirect Contact transmission
Occurs when a person touches
objects that have been
contaminated by the blood or
another body fluid of an infected
person.
Vector Transmission
It occurs when an animal such as a
dog or an insect, such as tick,
transmits a pathogen into the body
through a bite.
Airborne Transmission
It occurs when a person inhales
infected droplets that have become
airborne as an infected person
coughs or sneezes.
First Aid
Body Substance Isolation
FIRST AID
Basic Precautions and Practices
1. Personal Hygiene 2. Protective Equipment 3. Equipment Cleaning
& Disinfecting
First Aid
Suggested First Aid Kit Contents:
Rubbing alcohol Gloves
Povidone Iodine Scissors
Cotton Forceps
Gauze pads Bandage (Triangular)
Tongue depressor Elastic roller bandage
Penlight Occlusive dressing
Band aid
Plaster
First Aid
Materials commonly used in First Aid
DRESSING
Any sterile cloth material used to cover the wound
Other uses of dressing:
Controls bleeding.
Protects the wound from infection.
Absorbs liquid from the wound such as blood
plasma, water and pus.
First Aid
Materials commonly used in First Aid
BANDAGES
Any clean cloth materials, sterile or not used to hold the
dressing in place.
Other uses of bandages:
1. Control bleeding.
2. Tie splints in place.
3. Immobilize body part.
4. For arm support – use as a sling.
Managing an incident
Always be aware of potential dangers at an incident (e.g:
traffic, fire, electricity). Never put yourself or other bystanders in
danger
YOU are the most important person
If the incident is too dangerous to approach, stay back and
call for emergency help
GUIDELINES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
3. Remember the initial response as follows
A • Ask for HELP
I • Intervene
D • Do no further harm
EMERGENCY ACTIONS
PRINCIPLES
1. SURVEY THE SCENE
-Is the scene safe?
-What Happened?
-How many people are injured?
-Are there bystanders who can help?
-Identify yourself as a trained First Aider
-Get consent to give care
ACTIVATE MEDICAL ASSISTANCE (AMA) OR
TRANSFER FACILITY
A bystander should make the telephone call
for help.
A bystander will be requested to call a
physician.
Somebody will be asked to arrange for
transfer facility.
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
• Activate Medical Assistance (AMA) or Transfer Facility
IF A LONE RESPONDER
CALL FIRST (Activate Medical Assistance before providing care) If:
- An unconscious adult victim or child 8 years old or older.
- An unconscious infant or child known to be at a high risk for heart
problems.
CARE FIRST (provide first aid for 1-2 minutes and then call fast) If:
- An unconscious victim less than 8 years old;
- Cardiac Arrest in children known to be at high risk of arrythmias
- Any victim of submersion or near drowning
- Any victim of arrest associated with trauma
- Any victim of drug overdose
Information to be remembered in
activating medical assistance:
What happened?
Location
Number of person injured/age
Extent of injury and first aid given
Any hazards at the incident (e.g: spilt fuel, fire, electricity)
Telephone number from where you are calling
Person who activated medical assistance must
identify him/herself and drop the phone last
DO A PRIMARY
SURVEY
PRIMARY SURVEY
Perform a sternal rub.
Remove foreign objects from the airway.
Look for obvious signs of breathing.
Do a breath check
Turn the victim over if breathing starts.
Feel for circulation.
Perform CPR
DO A SECONDARY
SURVEY
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Secondary Survey
[Link] the victim
-Ask victim’s name
-Ask what happened
-Assess the SAMPLE History
Signs & symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events prior to the episode
EMERGENCY ACTION PRINCIPLES
Secondary Survey
2. Check vital signs.
- Pulse Rate
- Respiratory Rate
- Temperature
- Blood Pressure
- Skin Appearance
- Pupil Reaction
[Link] head-to-toe examination.
GOLDEN RULES IN GIVING
EMERGENCY CARE
What to DO :
• Do obtain consent, when possible.
• Do think the worst. It’s best to administer
first aid for the gravest possibility.
• Do remember to identify yourself to the
victim.
• Do provide comfort and emotional support.
• Do respect the victim’s modesty and
physical privacy.
• Do be as calm and as direct as possible.
What to DO :
• Do care for the most serious injuries first.
• Do assist the victim with his or her
prescription medication.
• Do keep onlookers away from the injured
person.
• Do handle the victim to a minimum.
• Do loosen tight clothing.
What not to DO :
• Do not let the victim see his/her own injury.
• Do not leave the victim alone except to get
help.
• Do not assume that the victim’s obvious
injuries are the only ones.
• Do not make any unrealistic promises.
• Do not trust the judgment of a confused
victim and require them to make decision.
THANK YOU!
Presented by:
Jessie Canaria