—- | 4 Tx PeriMenrr ~ = FIM 2— To determine the meaenviry oF Zig aire by | Plotting graph Foc Potential aifFemence vs Cuaaenr. TAPDARATUS/ MATERIAL REGUIRED :— + Aaune oF unknocn mesistonc]e > Bareag + Volrme ten + Ammererr ° Rnecgter 2° Plug key + Connechng wires > Piece of cond paper THEORY According to Onm'6 lace, the elecrric Cur enr Mco19g Fheeugh @ conductor 1S dimectiy PrEPETMENA! to 1NE Perennial difFeaence accoss its ends, poovisied +he =} pryereal stare C pressure, temperatuce ond dimens OE ane Conductom reemaing Unchanged 1F 118 the cum@enr Flowing thacugh 4+ne condvctocr Gnd Vv 1a une porennai Aifrerene Geeoss ire end, then val Hence, VaR! | Cohene ® 1 tne congtarror propertronarryandis | steamed as the Sleciaic Tesistance oP tne : Condvcern. ReSistance R depends on+he dimensions an® MaAerSIS oP the conduct. The @elanenship between +he mresiarance ofa mareaiat anditsCiraceir Diagram sae ge ae eer eae i) Boreny Rnecsrar ~ (A RQ Unenean REEIStoNee quire oo Porentiol Difrewence Gav) Gilope oF ABS R= av 42 Cuseent CinA)Page No. rengrh and acea Of +he cooss ~gecton wy +he| @ given ey: ' Powmvla R= Pt/a conere P'S the speciic mesigrance ow mearervity pe and ifa Chormeactem ene of 4ne Marecial oF +he qice. OBSERVATIONS :- S| Range Least Count Zeno erson| | Ammerect 0.084 [0 fe Volkmereer Ov. Quee + C Dumbell ped wesigtor) leagtn = 25em Taino] Ammerem Reading Cina) | Vormneren aoading (ay R= Avecoge =| 2 1 a-8o 5:60 2 2 ol. $6 Q3.00 a 3 0-80 01,60 2 4 0.g6 1-00 2 5 0.35 O1eo 2 © 0.95 0.80 2Page No... Cine d Ey Bine | Ammerer Readingin A)_| Vottmerer Reading Cin V) = animals | t ail aes Oro ost 2 | 01.50 rae, ae ifeSre 01.00 oe i ra | 0.70 as eee [8 0.88 0.20 o: fo | 0.30 O26 0.04) *> Zeno earvaw oF Scwew gauge = —~9-07 mm + Piro = IMM * No. of divigian on cimcuian Seale = 100 + Leasr eee 2 OCimm =A COI cm 7 3 ; a aol Gina] HER cao TR ey ean t ° Oag [Link] 0-38 2 ete 0 Bn | one | Average diameren #Q = Hean cadiug = O.18SG mm, Lengrn of ance t = D6en, Length oF awe 2= 6Gem GRAPH Must be draan iN actual geoph Papee. Heacing and acate Must be MentHened. RMusr be calculated Paam grapha Page No. Expt. No. Calcutanoa .= Firom graph, @eaigronce cine t Ry, = QR wine Q R22 = 6.62 Lengn of ave 4 = 280M Lengrn cR axe 2 = 600m 7Dramerer BD = 0.81Q2MmM Rosisruirg = p= Rn D* = au Average mesigtivity = P= CP +P2) = Gian a eae REBULT Resistance oF wine 4, Pi = 2 Reaerance oF awe A, Ra = 0-6-2 Average cesionviry P = 01a PRECAUTIONS :— ') The Sai Near, c1eon and +ighr. 2) A low weaistance @heosrat Shovid be used. Gources OF ERROR :— 1) —tmek connechng [Link] may Nok be available 2) Rheostat meg hays high mesigtance.Expt. No. ExPeRIHENT -Q All = eTeree : i To Fin creaistance oF a gwen wire vainga merce beige an® hence [Link] -+he StESISHUTEY Cepeciic nosiatence) HATERIALS REQUIRED :— 1) A mere badge 2) A bonesy eiminaroe 8) A gaivonarnerere 4) A @eaigrome bom 5) A joerey @) A one ooay ley 7) A resistance are 8) Agceeas gauge 9) A merrve Bcaie 19) Connechng Gunes ") A prece oF gandpaper THEORY :— Metre beidge apparatus BS alee knewn asa Slide Giee badge. IriS FimecD 0n +ne coocden Bisece and Consists oF a& Lang ace qith a Laifemm cross ceahenal | Oreo. Ib has +coc gops Reeme® using thick meal Braips +0 Make +he Cheat stone 's baicdge. Accore ding to Cohearerone principie, ae have:- xR =YC 1CO-L )¥Z The UN kncesn Aesicronce Ser Bele ucuarea ag x = RW i00- UL) AIL Conewe L iS-+ne heagth of +he quire. SaCinevit Diagaom:- Celor boneny eliminarore | [a | | Reesionce bomi 7 ves - oe Zz FT OBBERVATIONS © aa apie Fore unienown Pes erance cx) —~y [Resigrence Foon ecaars Tunknees prance = aire | bom BCOner) [Legh Tq Cios-tlem) | Pacis IE —-f ag He Cisen sien) Lp ensoie : evra lie] Bae [66-2 B48 1.60 — + | 2 AD BC [ 44 3-14 I 3 5 2 72-5 27-5 1.84 CALcuLaTions + - Mean = = Cm,+mo2t+re) = 2-212 3 RESULT I- é The valve oF vaknowa megisrance ¥* 2-2! von a i PRECAUTIONS :- 1) The connections Shovid be Near, Hghr and clean. zy hese ghovidA’r be any 100ps io athe quire. Gources OF BRROR +— ‘) The ingrrumenk Bea ews be 'oose. 2) Thick connecHng cykfes may Or be quailabieee ALES “To vemPy tne lace of Benes Comnbinotien oF mesistances Vang & mnerecr badge APPARATOB 7 MATERIALS REQUIRED :- 1) Hover Borge 2) Banveory Cuminaror a) Resiavance Bow a) Gatwonomerer 5) Toeney ©) Gand Paper 1) Connecting Quine 8) Teo Aeaiatance wires “THEeoRyY 1) The aeaigronce ofa eaaiance Gre ow a cailis given by ow = 8 Cie RTI DBhewe R is+ne eesarance From +he Vesistance bow in tne 1ePr gap. and. £iG 4ne Tengen of 4ne merer bridge wice Prom zeae ends up tone balance Pon, n) Qnentoss @eesrong a, and Wa are connectedin Bemles, them combined Nesistonce @ given as Pottowsg : Retrn anes eesCracurk Diagram :OBSERVATIONS I T I [Resiorance TLengun|tongeh ee] Recisrn) Mean Reserance|[Link] |faomaine [oa ra| Coo-w) [PE Td Gor__| obseavanen | TONE | eem) | Cem) | egy | | | monly [i Q [43 | 67 265 eee 3 57 43 2aAe 3 [4 Der | 39 255 onty 1 2: 69.6] 405 1:36 z | 3 64 3I 1.84 } | 3 4 16 | 25 1.3 | | i %& only : iL [1 I a 7 ae 2 - a _ _- ; | i | 3 | - {—-| - = eT Sees ELL | onde, | 1 [4 65,5 | 44-6 | 3.20 insenies| 2 | Le | 39 3.14 | 3 mz 65 | 35 3.23 i | | ot i i RESULT '= a Emperimental voive oF Rg = o,4+72, = 8-212 / a TheorreHeat value of Rg = So 3s \ Eapemmental and +eorreHeal values are almost Bame. Se tawsg oF geaics Combnaron are valid. fFEee Page No..... PRECAUTIONS :- 1) Tne connecHons g& ic be Near, hghk and atiean 2) Pluga ghoul @ tightly Conneake@ 1M +ne Mesistane bom 80uRCES OF ERROR :- ') The iNBLaumenr Ber ews may be loose. 2) Thick eonngefing wires May Not be available.expt NO SAD eCL ona Page No. AIH To Find the Fecal length oF a convem lens by Plowing grophs between Uan®v and t/u and Uv APPARATUS ») AO optical BENCH with 4+horee uprights 2) A conven leng with lens hoisere 2) Two opHeatneedies an&a half mere Scale “THEORY The MeLAHEN between U,V and F For @ Conver lens ig :- i oe pe ei nage Gonece, F = Coca 1ength oF conver tens, W= distance oF Okjeck NeeMia Fnom lens, v = digtance aCimage Needie Faom eng. Accor Ging te eign convenkon, w hag negative volu@andv hag Positwe valve fore Conver tens. Hence, F eomeg Po girive OBSERVATION Bl no. CJ cem) V Com) a es 1 12.3 40 2 Ze 30 3 20 Qo 4 | 30 'S 5 40 13.3Roy Diagram C2F, oF) ©,0) & Com)\_\ _ Page No... GALCOLATION “Faom +he graeh Finc® the mand g Coon ainare OF 4ne pone C mM = yr 2P = 20cm Fe mle rygla Eden RESULT Focal tength of Comven lens ag caleviated From Graph ig 107 em. et PRECALTIONS ) Ties of +ne image needie and +ne object needie Movsr lie ak +ne emact heght @s the len's centre 2) Panatam Musr be commected Faom +ip +o +P by Placing the eye aba distogee MIDIMEM oF S9 em Apart From +ne needé, Sources oF ERROR ‘) The vpcignys’ may nor be the ventcal. 2) Pacaiam gfemoval may Nor be perce Feck.Exteruent=g Page No... To Gereomne +h angie oF minimum Pevianen Pema given mga © ° RY Plowing a GTP between ongie oF inciPence and angie of deviation APPARATUS : 1) Adaaaing boand 2) Acne Sheer of paper 3) A paism A) Drawing ping 5) Pencil | 6) Scare a) OfRee Ping 8) Pnroraactor | 4) graph paper | THEORY | The angie through which anay Of lighk tuens away Crem Tha Original Parh oA Passing +heough a PF'9M, iS called angie oF deviaton. : Ag +he angie oF inci@ence Ci) ince eases, the ongie oF doviaion CS) Fiasr decreases and atang a minimum Value ang +nen Grass increasing Ra Cuoamer [ inceease in +he angle of incidence. The aefaacnuve indem of4ne material oF-+he Pram is | Given by HM = sia/ 4 + Sm) v Zz sin A Conere, Sm = angie oF minimum deviation A = angie oF tne Pam 4