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Integrated: Management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has evolved since the late 1960s, with significant developments including the Hutaker project in the USA and the establishment of national IPM programs in developing countries. IPM focuses on sustainable pest control by integrating various techniques and maintaining pest populations below economically harmful levels. Essential requirements for effective IPM include proper pest identification, understanding pest life cycles, and farmer participation, leading to advantages in sustainability, economics, and environmental quality compared to traditional pesticide-based methods.

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11 views4 pages

Integrated: Management

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has evolved since the late 1960s, with significant developments including the Hutaker project in the USA and the establishment of national IPM programs in developing countries. IPM focuses on sustainable pest control by integrating various techniques and maintaining pest populations below economically harmful levels. Essential requirements for effective IPM include proper pest identification, understanding pest life cycles, and farmer participation, leading to advantages in sustainability, economics, and environmental quality compared to traditional pesticide-based methods.

Uploaded by

adityakumar458956
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

46.

Integrated pest management


((PM)
1. Hlstory: Although many IPM programmes were initiated
and early 1970s in several parts of the world, it in late 1960s
was
IPM gained momentum. Following were the important only in late 1970s
larnd I marks in IPM.
The first major IPM project in USA,
commonly called the Hutaker
project,covered six crops alfalfa, citrus,
stone fruits, and soybean during [Link],pines, pome and

The national IPM programmes were


launched in late 1980s and
early 1990s in several developing countries.
sUCcess has been the FAO-IPM program for The most outstanding
Asia.
rice in South East
The recent development is the estalblishment of the Global
IPM
facility at FAO.

The ideaof integrated control first conceived by Hoskins,


his co-workers during 1939. [Link]

The term "integrated control was first used by Michelbacher, A.E.


and Bacon, O.G. during 1952.

The integrated control was first defined by Stern, V.M. and his co
workers during 1959 as "applied pest control which combines and
integrates biological and chemical control".
The idea of "pest management" was proposed by Geier, P.W, during
1966.

The term "Integrated Pest Management" wascoined by Council on


EnvironmentalQuality during 1972.
Definition (by FAO)
"Integrated pest control is a pest management system that, in
the context of associated environment and population dynamics of the
pest species, utilizes all suitable techniques and methods in as compatible
a manner as possible and maintains pest populations at levels below
those causing economic injury".
228
pinclples and strategles

Monitoring insect pests and natural ererrilss: tisatur tlarertal


toolinIPM for taking management deisions.
Concepts of injury levels: Folloing the nAAs t EIL ard
ETIL to reduce the usage of insecticides arnd their irnpsds Grironnert.

Integratlon of tactics: Proper choics of onstitss tacics and


blending them so that each componernt conplernsrths ttsr.

Relationship between different components

Prophylactic measures
" Pest Survsillance
Cultural control
Varietal resistance Forscastirng ard
deccsion rmaking
Naturalcontrol

IPM

Curative measures

" Mechanical

Chemical
natural enernies
" Inundation, augrnentation of
Microbial control

.. 229 ..
Approaches in IPM when compared to normal method

Parameter Normal method IPM


Goal Reduce losses due to pests Reduce costs of
production, ecological
and social approach
Diversity Lowtomedium High
Ecosystem Uncertain Striving towards stability
stability
Spatial Single fam Entire region
scale
Time scale Immediate LongterVSingle season
Target Single pest or closely Severalpests around
related groups ofpests crops and natural
enemies
Basis
for control
Past experience or
presence of pest
ETL
A
Principal Cultural,mechanical Allcomponents
method pesticides
Effect on Highly detrimental Moderately detrimentaV
environ Negligible
mental
quality

Essential requirements for IPM


Proper identification of insect pest (s)
Life history and behaviour of the pest
Naturalregulating factors
Need for control measures
Timingof control measures
Selection of suitable control measures
Farmer's participation
Government support

". 230..
vantages of IPM compared to pesticide-based plantt protection
Ogramme

.Proper

Sustainability
Economics
.Health

. Environment quality
. Social and political stability
. Local krnowledge
Export of agricultural commodities

Natural
control

Economical
Ecological
Sustainability \SUstainability

IPM

Social Modern
Farmers
approaches
practices sustainability

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