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Science 9 Week 2 Notes

Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises due to pressure, leading to explosive or quiet eruptions depending on gas content. There are five major types of eruptions: Phreatic, Phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian, each characterized by different mechanisms and intensities. The viscosity of magma, influenced by temperature and chemical composition, plays a crucial role in determining the eruption style.

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Cristine Joy Pospos
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5 views1 page

Science 9 Week 2 Notes

Volcanic eruptions occur when magma rises due to pressure, leading to explosive or quiet eruptions depending on gas content. There are five major types of eruptions: Phreatic, Phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian, and Plinian, each characterized by different mechanisms and intensities. The viscosity of magma, influenced by temperature and chemical composition, plays a crucial role in determining the eruption style.

Uploaded by

Cristine Joy Pospos
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© All Rights Reserved
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 Volcanic Eruption - happens when magma  Dissolved Gas Content

rises due to pressure inside the volcano. High gas trapped inside magma →
When the pressure becomes too strong, the pressure builds → explosive eruption.
volcano erupts, releasing runny magma Low gas → gas escapes easily → quiet
through openings or vents and flowing onto eruption.
the surface as lava.
 There are five (5) major types:
 Why and how do volcanoes erupt?
When magma is thick, gases get trapped A. Phreatic (Hydrothermal) Eruption
and pressure builds up as it rises. If the - Steam-driven; start of an
pressure becomes too great, an explosive eruption.
eruption occurs. Eruptions can also happen - Happens when hot rocks meet
when underground water meets hot magma, water.
creating steam that builds pressure and - Produces steam, ash, and small
causes an explosion. explosions.
Example: Mt. Taal, Batangas
 What comes out during an eruption? (Philippines)
Magma/Lava, Ash, Rock fragments, Gases
B. Phreatomagmatic Eruption
 The 3 primary factors affecting the magma’s - A violent eruption caused by
viscosity and the volcanoes’ eruptive style, direct contact between magma
namely: Magma’s temperature, its and water.
chemical composition, and the number - More explosive than phreatic.
of dissolved gases it contains. Example: Mt. Krakatoa,
Indonesia
 Viscosity - property of the material’s
resistance to flow. It is also described as the C. Strombolian Eruption
liquid’s thickness and stickiness. The more - Characterized by periodic weak
viscous and thicker the material is, the to strong explosions.
greater is its resistance to flow. Magma - Shoots lava fountains into the
viscosity decreases with higher
air, like firework display.
temperature. High-silica magmas are more
Example: Mt. Etna, Italy
viscous than low-silica ones, and dissolved
gases (mainly water vapor) increase
D. Vulcanian Eruption
magma flow.
- Produces tall eruption columns
up to 20 km high.
 Temperature of Magma
- Has pyroclastic flow and heavy
High temperature → magma is more fluid
ashfall.
→ gases can escape easily.
Example: Mt. Sakurajima, Japan
Low temperature → magma is thicker and
moves slowly.
E. Plinian Eruption
- The most powerful type.
- Extremely explosive.
 Chemical Composition (Silica Content)
High silica → thick and sticky magma → - Produces huge amounts of ash,
explosive eruption. gas, and pyro clasts.
Low silica → thin and runny magma → Example: Mt. St. Helens, USA
gentle/effusive eruption.

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