ARC 077 :
THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE 01
PREPARED BY : ARCHT. DOROTHY P. CASTRO, UAP
UNIVERSITY OF PANGASINAN –PEN
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & ARCHITECTURE
LEARNING OBJECTIVES :
❏ To be able to understand the meaning and
concept of Architectural design theories.
❑ To understand the principles of architectural
design theories of man’s needs and interests
that influence architectural design.
01
I. INTRODUCTION TO THEORY
OF ARCHITECTURE
GUESS
THE
WORD
KEYBOARD
DESIGN
BUILDING
ENGINEERING
CONSTRUCTION
ARCHITECTURE
WHAT IS THEORY?
• Abstract thought or
speculation resulting in a
system of assumption or
principles used in analyzing, THEORY
explaining, or predicting
phenomena, and proposed or
followed as a basis of action
• Analysis of a set of facts in
relation to one another
THEORY • Belief, policy or procedure
proposed or followed as basis
of action
❑ DESCRIPTIVE :
SIMPLY EXPLAINS EVENTS OR PHENOMENA, NEUTRAL
DO NOT LEAN TOWARDS ANY IDEOLOGY
❑ PRESCRIPTIVE : TYPES OF
PRESCRIBES GUIDELINES OR BASES THEORY
❑ CRITICAL:
CHALLENGES RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE
AND SOCIETY
WHAT IS
ARCHITECTURE?
ARCHITEKTON
WHAT IS
ARCHITECTURE? • Originated from the Greek word
Architekton
• Archi – great. Tekton – builder
• It is the conscious creation of
utilitarian spaces with the deliberate
use of material
• Architecture should be technically
efficient and aesthetically pleasing.
DESIGN
SCIENCE CONSTRUCTION
ARTS BUILDING
DEFINITION OF ARCHITECTURE
D.K CHING : VISUAL DICTIONARY
• The ART
Product or result of architectural work
• And Science
A style o method of building
Characteristic of people, place or time
• Of Designing
Profession of designing buildings and other habitable environment
• And constructing
conscious act of forming things resulting in a unifying coherent structure
• Buildings
ARCHITECTURE IS ALSO CONSIDERED :
AS CREATING PLACE
FOR PEOPLE
There are moments when we look at a certain place,
and it reminds us of someone, of our memories
together. That is how architecture functions, it is a
space with a lot of memories
AS A REFLECTION OF THY SELF
Architecture reflects the thought and personality of the Architect
ARCHITECTURE IS ALSO CONSIDERED :
• is the art and science or -Dictionary of Architecture
profession of planning, and Construction
designing and
constructing buildings in
their totality taking into • The art and science of
account their environment , designing and building
in accordance with the structures, or large groups of
principles of utility, structures, in keeping with
strength and beauty. aesthetic and functional
criteria. 2. Structures built in
accordance with such
principles."
-( R.A 9266 “The
architecture act of 2004” )
Frank Lloyd Wright, from the
Architectural Forum, May 1930
• Architecture is the
mastery, correct and
• Is the scientific art of making
structure express ideas. It is the the magnificent play
triumph of human imagination of masses brought
over materials, methods, and
men to put man into possession together in light
of his own earth. Architecture is
man's great sense of himself
embodied in a world of his own
making. It may rise as high in
quality only as its source
because great art is great life.
-– LE CORBUISER
ARCHITECTURAL
THEORY
ESSENCE & COMPOSITION
• A COLLECTION OF THOUGHTS, VIEWS AND IDEAS
• ORGANIZED BY THEME OR TOPIC
• EVOLUTION OF THOUGHTS
• COMBINATION OF VARIOUS THOUGHTS, SPECULATION AND CONCEPTS
“THERE IS NO GRAND THEORY OR UNIFIED THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE”
FORM
• In a conceptual form
• Needs to be translated
• From concepts to reality
• Discussed, tested, developed
ARCHITECTURAL
THEORY
E
X
A
M
P
L
E
S
VITRUVIAN TRIAD E
the three fundamental virtues of architecture as described in book of “Tens
Books of Architecture by Marcus Vitruvius Polio
X
A
M
P
L
E
S
THE VITRUVIAN TRIAD
(THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF
ARCHITECTURE )
VITRUVIUS
MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO
• Roman architect, engineer, and author of the celebrated treatise De
architectura (On Architecture), a handbook for Roman architects.
• He originated the idea that all buildings should have three attributes:
firmitas, utilitas, and venustas ("strength", "utility", and "beauty").
• Vitruvius is the first Roman architect to have written surviving records
of his field. He himself cites older but less complete works. He was less
an original thinker or creative intellect than a codifier of existing
architectural practice. Roman architects practised a wide variety of
disciplines; in modern terms they would also be described as
landscape architects, civil engineers, military engineers, structural
engineers, surveyors, artists, and craftsmen combined
ATTRACTIVE APPEARANCE. It should
VENUSTAS delight people and raise their spirits
BEAUTY ∙ DELIGHT
APPROPRIATE SPATIAL
[Link] should be useful
and functional for people using it.
FIRMITAS UTILITAS
STRENGTH ∙ FIRMNESS UTILITY ∙ COMMODITY STRUCTURAL STABILITY. It should
stand up robustly and remain in good
condition
What does Vitruvian
triad teach us?
ATTRACTIVE ARCHITECTURE
• Making sure that design is unique, appealing and different from all other buildings around the world.
MINIMIMALISTIC BUT HIGHLY FUNCTIONAL
• these designs are highly functional and meet the requirements of the people
IMPROVED DURABILITY
• to assure that buildings are durable, a huge variety of building materials available that makes
building withstand even some of the toughest calamities
ARHITECTURAL
SYSTEMS
SPATIAL SYSTEM
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
ENCLOSURE
SYSTEM
CIRCULATION
SYSTEM
CONTEXT
ARHITECTURAL
ORDERS
01
II. INFLUENCES ON
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN