Simple recall
▪ Find the best path
–PC1 to PC4
–PC5 to PC2
–PC3 to PC1
Introduction to Dynamic
Routing Protocol
Routing Protocols and
Concepts – Chapter 3
Objectives
▪ Describe the role of dynamic routing protocols and
place these protocols in the context of modern
network design.
▪ Identify several ways to classify routing protocols.
▪ Describe how metrics are used by routing protocols
and identify the metric types used by dynamic routing
protocols.
▪ Determine the administrative distance of a route and
describe its importance in the routing process.
▪ Identify the different elements of the routing table.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
▪ Function(s) of Dynamic Routing Protocols:
– Dynamically share information between routers.
– Automatically update routing table when topology changes.
– Determine best path to a destination.
Dynamic Routing Protocols
▪ The purpose of a dynamic routing protocol is to:
– Discover remote networks
– Maintaining up-to-date routing information
– Choosing the best path to destination networks
– Ability to find a new best path if the current path is no longer
available
Dynamic Routing Protocols
▪ Components of a routing protocol
– Algorithm
• are used for facilitating routing information and best path
determination
– Routing protocol messages
• These are messages for discovering neighbors and
exchange of routing information
Classifying Routing Protocols
▪ Dynamic routing protocols are grouped according to
characteristics. Examples include:
– RIP
– IGRP
– EIGRP
– OSPF
– IS-IS
– BGP
▪ Autonomous System is a group of routers under the control of
a single authority.
Classifying Routing Protocols
▪ Types of routing protocols:
– Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP)
– Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGP)
Classifying Routing Protocols
▪ Interior Gateway Routing Protocols (IGP)
– Used for routing inside an autonomous system & used to route
within the individual networks themselves
– Examples: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF
▪ Exterior Routing Protocols (EGP)
– Used for routing between autonomous systems
– Example: BGPv4
Classifying Routing Protocols
▪ IGP: Comparison of Distance Vector & Link State
Routing Protocols
Distance vector
– Routes are advertised as vectors
of distance & direction
– Incomplete view of network
topology
– Generally, periodic
updates
Link state
– Complete view of network
topology is created
– Updates are not
periodic
Classifying Routing Protocols
Classifying Routing Protocols
▪ Classful routing
protocols
– Do NOT send subnet mask
in routing updates
▪ Classless routing
protocols
– Do send subnet mask in
routing updates
Administrative Distance of a Route
▪ Purpose of a metric
– It’s a calculated value used to determine the best path to a
destination
▪ Purpose of Administrative Distance
– It’s a numeric value that specifies the preference of a particular
route
Administrative Distance of a Route
▪ Identifying the Administrative Distance (AD) in a
routing table
– It is the first number in the brackets in the routing table
Administrative Distance of a Route
▪ Dynamic Routing Protocols
Administrative Distance of a Route
▪ Directly connected routes
– Have a default AD of 0
▪ Static Routes
– Administrative distance of a static route has a default value of
1
Administrative Distance of a Route
▪ Directly connected routes
– Immediately appear in the routing table as soon as the
interface is configured
Summary
▪ Dynamic routing protocols fulfill the following functions
– Dynamically share information between routers
– Automatically update routing table when topology changes
– Determine best path to a destination
▪ Routing protocols are grouped as either
– Interior gateway protocols (IGP)Or
– Exterior gateway protocols(EGP)
▪ Types of IGPs include
– Classless routing protocols - these protocols include
subnet mask in routing updates
– Classful routing protocols - these protocols do not include
subnet mask in routing update
Summary
▪ Metrics are used by dynamic routing protocols to calculate the
best path to a destination
▪ Administrative distance is an integer value that is used to
indicate a router’s “trustworthiness”
▪ Components of a routing table include:
– Route source
– Administrative distance
– Metric