Assumed Database Schema (Example)
STUDENT
SID Name Dept Age
COURSE
| CID | CName | Dept |
ENROLL
| SID | CID | Grade |
1. Basic Selection (σ)
Q1. Find all students belonging to the Computer department.
Relational Algebra:
σ Dept = 'Computer' (STUDENT)
Q2. Find students whose age is greater than 20.
σ Age > 20 (STUDENT)
2. Projection (π)
Q3. Display only student names and departments.
π Name, Dept (STUDENT)
Q4. List all course names offered.
π CName (COURSE)
3. Selection + Projection
Q5. Find n ames of students from IT department who are older than 21.
π Name ( σ Dept='IT' ∧ Age>21 (STUDENT) )
4. Cartesian Product (×)
Q6. Combine STUDENT and COURSE relations.
STUDENT × COURSE
(Usually avoided unless followed by selection)
5. Join Operations (⨝)
Q7. Find student details along with the courses they are enrolled in.
STUDENT ⨝ ENROLL
(Implicit join on SID)
Q8. Display student name and course name.
π Name, CName ( STUDENT ⨝ ENROLL ⨝ COURSE )
Q9. List students enrolled in Database course.
π Name ( σ CName='Database' ( STUDENT ⨝ ENROLL ⨝ COURSE ) )
6. Theta Join (⨝ condi
tion)
Q10. Find students whose department is same as the course department.
STUDENT ⨝ [Link] = [Link] COURSE
7. Rename (ρ)
Q11. Rename STUDENT relation as S.
ρ S (STUDENT)
Q12. Rename attribute Name as StudentName.
ρ (SID, StudentName, Dept, Age) (STUDENT)
8. Set Operations
Q13. Find students enrolled in Course A OR Course B.
∪
π SID ( σ CID='A' (ENROLL) )
π SID ( σ CID='B' (ENROLL) )
Q14. Find students enrolled in both Course A AND Course B.
π SID ( σ CID='A' (ENROLL) )
∩
π SID ( σ CID='B' (ENROLL) )
Q15. Find students enrolled in Course A but not Course B.
π SID ( σ CID='A' (ENROLL) )
−
π SID ( σ CID='B' (ENROLL) )
9. Division (÷) – Important Exam Question
Q16. Find students who are enrolled in all courses offered by the Computer
department.
π SID, CID (ENROLL)
÷
π CID ( σ Dept='Computer' (COURSE) )
10. Aggregate / Extended Relational Algebra
Q17. Count number of students in each department.
γ Dept, COUNT(SID) (STUDENT)
Q18. Find average age of students in IT department.
γ AVG(Age) ( σ Dept='IT' (STUDENT) )
11. Advanced / Exam-Oriented Questions
Q19. Find students who are not enrolled in any course.
π SID (STUDENT)
−
π SID (ENROLL)
Q20. Find courses that have no students enrolled.
π CID (COURSE)
−
π CID (ENROLL)
👉 Same schema is assumed:
STUDENT(SID, SName, Dept, Semester)
COURSE(CID, CName, Dept)
ENROLLMENT(SID, CID, Grade)
🔹 ADVANCED RELATIONAL ALGEBRA QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS
Q1. Find names of students who are enrolled in all CS department courses
Relational Algebra:
STUDENT ⨝
π SName (
(π SID (ENROLLMENT) ÷ π CID (σ Dept='CS' (COURSE)))
)
Answer:
SName
Ram
Q2. Find students who have NOT enrolled in any course
Relational Algebra:
π SID (STUDENT) − π SID (ENROLLMENT)
Answer:
No student (all students are enrolled)
Q3. Find students who scored grade A in more than one course
Relational Algebra (logical self-join):
σ [Link] = [Link] ∧ [Link] ≠ [Link]
π [Link] (
(ρ E1 (σ Grade='A' (ENROLLMENT)) ×
ρ E2 (σ Grade='A' (ENROLLMENT)))
)
Answer:
SID
S1
(Student Ram)
Q4. Find names of students who are enrolled only in CS department courses
Relational Algebra:
STUDENT ⨝
π SName (
(π SID (ENROLLMENT ⨝ σ Dept='CS' (COURSE))
π SID (ENROLLMENT ⨝ σ Dept='IT' (COURSE)))
−
Answer:
SName
Ram
Gita
Q5. Find courses that are taken by students from both CS and IT
departments
Relational Algebra:
π CID (ENROLLMENT ⨝ σ Dept='CS' (STUDENT))
π CID (ENROLLMENT ⨝ σ Dept='IT' (STUDENT))
∩
Answer:
CID
C1
(DBMS)
Q6. Find students who have taken at least one course outside their own
department
Relational Algebra:
π SName (
(STUDENT ⨝ ENROLLMENT ⨝ COURSE)
σ [Link] ≠ [Link]
Answer:
SName
Ram
Q7. Find names of students who have taken both DBMS and Data Structure
Relational Algebra:
π SID (σ CName='DBMS' (ENROLLMENT ⨝ COURSE))
π SID (σ CName='Data Structure' (ENROLLMENT ⨝ COURSE))
∩
Answer:
SID
S1
(Student Ram)
Q8. Find students whose semester is greater than any IT student’s semester
Relational Algebra (comparison logic):
π SName (
σ Semester > ALL
(π Semester (σ Dept='IT' (STUDENT)))
)
Answer:
SName
Ram
Q9. Find departments that offer courses but have no students enrolled
Relational Algebra:
π Dept (COURSE) − π Dept (STUDENT ⨝ ENROLLMENT ⨝ COURSE)
Answer:
None (all departments have enrolled students)
Q10. Find student names who have never scored grade B
Relational Algebra:
π SName (STUDENT)
π SName (STUDENT ⨝ σ Grade='B' (ENROLLMENT))
−
Answer:
SName
Sita
Hari