Relation & function

2024
exists, i.e., 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 is defined from [− 1, 1] to 𝐴.
On the basis of the above information, answer
the following questions:
(i) If 𝐴 is the interval other than principal
value branch, give an example of one such
interval.
01. A function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → 𝑅 (where 𝑅+ is the set (ii) if 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 is defined from [−1, 1] to its
of all non-negative real numbers) defined principal value branch, find the value of
1
by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3 is: sin−1 (− 2) − sin−1 1.
(a) one-one but not onto (iii) Draw the graph of 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 from [−1, 1] to
(b) onto but not one-one its principal value branch.
(c) both one-one and onto (iv) Find the domain and range of 𝑓(𝑥) =
(d) neither one-one nor onto [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑎] 2 sin−1(1 − 𝑥).
𝜋 3𝜋
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: (𝑖) [ 2 , ] (𝑖𝑖) −
2
02. A relation 𝑅 on set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is 2𝜋
(𝑖𝑣) 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2], 𝑦 ∈ [−𝜋, 𝜋]]
defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): |𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 | < 8}. 3

Check whether the relation R is reflexive, 05. A relation R defined on set 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈
symmetric and transitive. [3M] 𝑍 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10} as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 = 𝑦}
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑅 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒] is given to be an equivalence relation. The
03. A function f is defined from 𝑅 → 𝑅 as number of equivalence classes is:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, such that 𝑓(1) = 1 and (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) 11 [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑑]
𝑓(2) = 3. Find function 𝑓(𝑥). Hence, check 06. The number of points, where 𝑓(𝑥) =
whether function 𝑓(𝑥) is one-one and onto [𝑥], 0 < 𝑥 < 3 ([∙] denotes greatest integer
or not. [3M] function) is not differentiable is
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜] (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏]
04. CASE STUDY: If a function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 defined 07. A relation R defined on a set of human
as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 is one-one and onto, then we can beings as 𝑅 =
define a unique function 𝑔: 𝑌 → 𝑋 such that
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 5𝑐𝑚 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑦} is (a)
𝑔(𝑦) = 𝑥, where 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 and 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), 𝑦 ∈ 𝑌.
reflexive only
Function 𝑔 is called the inverse of the function
𝑓. The domain of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 function is 𝑅 and (b) reflexive and transitive
function 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is neither one-one nor (c) symmetric and transitive
[Link] following graph shows the sine (d) neither transitive, nor symmetric, nor
function. reflexive [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑑]
08. Let 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [−5, ∞) be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) =
9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5, where 𝑅+ is the set of all
non-negative real numbers, then, 𝑓 is:
(a) one-one (b) 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜
(c) bijective
Let sine function be defined from set 𝐴 to (d) neither one-one not onto [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑐]
[−1, 1] such that inverse of 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 function
09. Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by (a) (−∞, ∞) (b) (1, ∞)
𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥
is neither one-one nor onto. (c) [1, ∞) (d) [−1, ∞) [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑐]
1+𝑥 2
17. A relation 𝑅 on set
Further, find set 𝐴 so that the given
𝐴 = {𝑥: − 10 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 10, 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍} is defined
function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 becomes an onto
as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5}.
function. [5M]
Show that R is an equivalence relation.
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝐴 = [−1, 1]]
Also, write the equivalence class [5]. [5M]
10. A relation 𝑅 is defined on 𝑁 × 𝑁 (where 𝑁
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: equivalence class [5] = {−10, −5, 0, 5, 10}]
is the set of natural numbers) as: 18. Let 𝑍 denote the set of integers, then
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) ⟺ 𝑎 − 𝑐 = 𝑏 − 𝑑 Show that function 𝑓: 𝑍 → 𝑍 defined as
𝑅 is an equivalence relation. [5M] 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 1 is:
11. Which of the following statements is not (a) both one-one and onto
true about equivalence classes 𝐴𝑖 (𝑖 = (b) one-one but not onto
1, 2, . . . . 𝑛) formed by an equivalence (c) onto but not one-one
𝑛
relation 𝑅 defined on a set 𝐴? (a) ∪ 𝐴𝑖 = (d) neither one-one nor onto [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏]
𝑖=1
𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝑖 ∩ 19. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {𝑎}. Find the
𝐴𝑗 ≠ 𝜑, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 (c) value of ‘𝑎’ such that the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵
𝑥−2
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑖 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑗 ⟹ 𝐴𝑖 = 𝐴𝑗 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3 is onto. Also, check
(d) all elements of 𝐴𝑖 are related to each whether the given function is one-one or
other for all 𝑖. [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏] not. [5M]
12. Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑎 = 1, 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 − 𝑜𝑛𝑒]
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is neither one-one nor
onto. Also, find all the values of 𝑥 for 20. The function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑘𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 is strictly
which 𝑓(𝑥) = 3. [5M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑥 = −2, 1] increasing for
13. A relation 𝑅 is defined on 𝑁 × 𝑁 (where 𝑁 (a) 𝑘 > 1 (b) 𝑘 < 1
is the set of natural numbers) as (c) 𝑘 > −1 (d) 𝑘 < −1 [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑎]
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑) ⟺
𝑎 𝑏
= 𝑑. Show that 𝑅 is an 21. 𝑨𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏(𝑨): The relation
𝑐 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 + 𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈
equivalence relation. [5M] 𝑁} is not a reflexive relation.
𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒐𝒏(𝑹): The number ′2𝑛′ is
14. Let 𝑅+ denote the set of all non-negative
composite for all natural numbers 𝑛.
real numbers. Then the function 𝑓: 𝑅+ → (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
𝑅+ defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 is: (a) one- Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
one but not onto (b) Assertion (A).
onto but not one-one (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
(c) both one-one and onto
Assertion (A).
(d) neither one-one nor onto [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑎] (c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
15. A relation 𝑅 on set 𝐴 = (d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
{− 4, − 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} be defined [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑐]
as 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 2}. 22. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {5} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}. Consider
Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation. the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
Also, write the equivalence class [2]. [5M] 𝑥−3
. Show that 𝑓 is one-one and onto.
𝑥−5
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 [2] =
[5M]
{−4, −2, 0, 2, 4}]
23. Check whether the relations 𝑆 in the set of
16. A function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝐴 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) =
real numbers 𝑅 defined by 𝑆 =
𝑥 2 + 1 is onto, if 𝐴 is: {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑎 − 𝑏 + √2 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟}
 is reflexive, symmetric or transitive. [5M] Check whether 𝑅 is reflexive, symmetric
[
𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑
] and transitive or not. [5M]
𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 03. Assertion (A): The number of onto
functions from a set 𝑃 containing 5
24. A function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) =
elements to a set 𝑄 containing 2 elements
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 is: (a)
is 30.
injective but not surjective
Reason (R): Number of onto functions
(b) surjective but not injective
from a set containing 𝑚 elements to a set
(c) both injective and surjective
containing n elements is 𝑛𝑚 .
(d) neither injective nor surjective
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑑]
true and Reason (R) is the correct
25. Students of a school are taken to a railway
explanation of the Assertion (A).
museum to learn about railway heritage
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are
and its history. An exhibit in the museum
true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
depicted many rail lines on the track near
explanation of the Assertion (A).
the railway station. Let 𝐿 be the set of all
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is
rail lines on the railway track and 𝑅 be the
false.
relation on 𝐿 defined by 𝑅 =
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is
{(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 } On
true.
the basis of the above information, answer
04. A function 𝑓: [−4, 4] → [0, 4] is given by
the following questions: (i)
𝑓(𝑥) = √16 − 𝑥 2 . Show that 𝑓 is an onto
Find whether the relation 𝑅 is symmetric function but not an one-one function. Further,
or not. (ii) Find find all possible values of ′𝑎′ for which 𝑓(𝑎) =
whether the relation 𝑅 is transitive or not. √7 [5M]
(iii) If one of the rail lines on the railway 05. Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined as
track is represented by the equation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) =
5𝑥−3
is both one-one and onto. [5M]
4
3𝑥 + 2, then find the set of rail lines in 𝑅
06. Prove that a function 𝑓: [0, ∞) → [−5, ∞)
related to it. defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 is both one-
(iv) Let 𝑆 be the relation defined by 𝑆 = one and onto. [5M]
{(𝑙1 , 𝑙2 ): 𝑙1 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑙2 } check 07. Check whether a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → [− , ]
1 1
2 2
whether the relation 𝑆 is symmetric and 𝑥
defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥2 is one-one and onto or
transitive. [4M]
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: (𝑖)𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 (𝑖𝑖)𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 (𝑖𝑖𝑖)𝑦 = not. [5M]
08. If 𝑁 denotes the set of all natural numbers and
3𝑥 + 𝑐, (𝑖𝑣)𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒]
𝑅 is the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by

2023
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑), if 𝑎𝑑(𝑏 + 𝑐) = 𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑑). Show
that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation. [5M]
4
09. Let 𝐹: 𝑅 − {− 3} → 𝑅 be a function defined as
4𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+4. Show that 𝑓 is a one-one
01. A function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 function. Also, check whether 𝑓 is an onto
is both one-one and onto. If 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4}, function or not. [5M]
then find the set 𝐵. [2M] 10. Let 𝐴 = {3, 5}. Then number of reflexive
relations on 𝐴 is (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 0 (d) 8
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝐴 = {2, 4, 6, 8}]
11. Case study: An organization conducted bike
02. A relation 𝑅 is defined on a set of real
race under two different categories- Boys and
numbers ℝ as 𝑅 = Girls. There were 28 participants in all. Among
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥. 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟}. all of them, finally three from category 1 and
 two from category 2 were selected for the reflexive nor transitive
final race. Ravi forms tow sets 𝐵 and 𝐺 with (d) an equivalence relation [1M]
these participants for his college project. [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑐]
Let 𝐵 = {𝑏1 , 𝑏2 , 𝑏3 } and = {𝑔1 , 𝑔2 } , where 𝐵 05. Let 𝐴 = {1, 3, 5}. Then the number of
represents the set of Boys selected and 𝐺 the
equivalence relations in 𝐴 containing (1,
set of the Girls selected for the final race.
3) is (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Based on the above information, answer the
following question:
[1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏]
(i) How many relations are possible from 06. Check whether the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝑁
𝐵 to 𝐺? of natural numbers given by 𝑅 =
(ii) Among all the possible relations from {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏} is reflexive,
𝐵 to 𝐺, How many functions can be symmetric or transitive. Also determine
formed from 𝐵 to 𝐺? whether 𝑅 is an equivalence relation.[4M]
(iii) Let 𝑅: 𝐵 → 𝐵 be defined by 𝑅 = [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐]
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑥}
. Check if 𝑅 is an equivalence relation. 07. The function 𝑓: 𝑅 → [−1, 1] defined by
Or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 is
A function 𝑓: 𝐵 → 𝐺 be defined by 𝑓 = (a) both one-one and onto
{(𝑏1 , 𝑔1 ), (𝑏2 , 𝑔2 ), (𝑏3 , 𝑔1 )} check if 𝑓 is (b) not one-one, but onto
bijective. Justify your answer. (c) one-one, but not onto
[4M (d) neither one-one, nor onto [1M]
𝑎𝑛𝑠: (𝑖) 64 (𝑖𝑖) 8 (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑓
[ ] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑏]
𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑏𝑖𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒
08. The domain of the function
12. Let 𝑅 be a relation in the set 𝑁 given by 𝑅 =
{(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 = 𝑏 − 2, 𝑏 > 6}. Then 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 2𝑥 is
(a) (8, 7) ∈ 𝑅 (b) (6, 8) ∈ 𝑅 (a) [0, 1] (b) [−1, 1]
1 1
(c) (3, 8) ∈ 𝑅 (d) (2, 4) ∈ 𝑅 (c) [− , ] (d) [−2, 2] [1M]
2 2
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑐]
2020 09. If 𝑓 and 𝑔 are two functions from 𝑅 to 𝑅
defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
01. A relation 𝑅 in a set 𝐴 is called __________, if
|𝑥| − 𝑥, then 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) for 𝑥 < 0 is
(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) ∈ 𝑅 implies (𝑎2 , 𝑎1 ) ∈ 𝑅 for all
(a) 4𝑥 (b) 2𝑥
𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ∈ 𝐴.[1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐]
(c) 0 (d) −4𝑥 [1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑑]
02. Consider a bijective function 𝑓: 𝑅+ →
10. Show that the function 𝑓: (−∞, 0) →
(7, ∞) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 16𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 + 7, 𝑥
(−1, 0) defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = ,𝑥 ∈
where 𝑅+ is the set of all positive real 1+|𝑥|

numbers. Find the inverse function of 𝑓. (−∞, 0) is one-one and onto. [4M]
√𝑦+2−3 11. Show that the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝐴 =
[2M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑥 = ]
4 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏|
03. Let 𝑁 be the set of natural numbers and 𝑅 is divisible by 2} is an equivalence
be the relation on 𝑁 × 𝑁 defined by relation. [4M]
(𝑎, 𝑏)𝑅(𝑐, 𝑑) iff 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐 for all 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 12. The minimum value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑁. Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation. |𝑥 + 3| − 1 is ____________ . [1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: − 1]
[4M] 13. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = (3 − 𝑥 3 )1/3 ,
04. The relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by then 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) = ⋯ .. [1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑥]
𝑅 = {(1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 1)} is 14. Check if the relation R on the set
(a) symmetric and transitive, but not 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} defined as 𝑅 =
reflexive (b) reflexive and symmetric, but {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥} is
not transitive (c) symmetric, but neither
 (i) symmetric (ii) transitive [2M] onto. Find inverse of 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑆, where 𝑆 is
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐] range of 𝑓. [4M]
15. Prove that the relation 𝑅 on 𝑍, defined by 02. Check whether the relation R defined on
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): (𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 5} is an the set 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as 𝑅 =
equivalence relation. [4M] {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1} is reflexive, symmetric
16. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined or transitive. [4M]
𝑥
by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+1, ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is neither one-one Or
nor onto. [4M] Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑌 be a function defined as
17. A relation in a set A is called _______ 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 + 3, where 𝑌 = {𝑦 ∈ 𝑁: 𝑦 =
relation, if each element of A is related to 4𝑥 + 3, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁}. Show that f is
itself. [1M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒] invertible. Find its inverse. [4M]
4𝑥+3 2 03. Show that the relation R on the set Z of all
18. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥−4, 𝑥 ≠ 3, then show that
integers, given by 𝑅 =
2
(𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥) = 𝑥, for all 𝑥 ≠ 3. Also, write {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑎 − 𝑏)} is an
inverse of 𝑓. [2M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠:
4𝑥+3
] equivalence relation. [4M]
6𝑥−4
Or
19. Check if the relation 𝑅 in the set of real 4𝑥+3 2
numbers defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 < 𝑏} is If 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥−4, 𝑥 ≠ 3, show that 𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥) =
2
(i) symmetric, (ii) transitive [2M] 𝑥 for all 𝑥 ≠ 3. Also, find the inverse of 𝑓.
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐] [4M]
20. A relation 𝑅 on a set 𝐴 is called ______, if 04. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {2} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}. If 𝑓: 𝐴 →
(𝑎1 , 𝑎2 ) ∈ 𝑅 and (𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅 implies that 𝑥−1
𝐵 is a function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2,
(𝑎1 , 𝑎3 ) ∈ 𝑅, for 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 ∈ 𝐴. [1M]
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒] show that 𝑓 is one-one and onto. Hence,
1−𝑥 find 𝑓 −1 .
21. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 1+𝑥, then find (𝑓𝑜𝑓)(𝑥). [1M]
Or
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: 𝑥] 05. Show that the relation 𝑆 in the set 𝐴 =
22. Let 𝑊 denote the set of words in the {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by 𝑆 =
English dictionary. Define the relation 𝑅 {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍, |𝑎 − 𝑏|𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 3} is
by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑊 × an equivalence relation.
𝑊 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛}
Show that this 2018
relation R is reflexive and symmetric, but 01. Let 𝐴 = {𝑥 ∈ 𝑍: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12}. Show that 𝑅 =
not transitive. {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴, |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 4} is
23. Find the inverse of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = an equivalence relation. Find the set of all
4𝑥
. [2M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠:
4𝑥
] elements related to 1. Also write the
3𝑥+4 4−3𝑥
equivalence class [2]. [6M]
[𝑎𝑛𝑠: {1, 5, 9}, {2, 6, 10}]
02. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined
2019 𝑥
by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2+1 , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is neither one-one
01. Show that the relation R on defined as 𝑅 = nor onto. Also, if 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined as
{(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏}, is reflexive, and transitive 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1, find 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥). [6M]
2𝑥−1
but not symmetric. [4M] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: 4𝑥 2 −4𝑥+2
]
Or 03. Show that the relation 𝑅 on the set 𝑍 of all
Prove that the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, defined integers defined by (𝑥, 𝑦) ∈ 𝑅 ⟺ (𝑥 − 𝑦)
by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is one-one but not is divisible by 3 is an equivalence relation.
 2017 𝑅. Then find 𝑓𝑜𝑔 and 𝑔𝑜𝑓. Hence find
𝑓𝑜𝑔(−3), 𝑓𝑜𝑔(5) and 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (−2). [6M,
04. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [−5, ∞) given by 𝑓(𝑥) = foreign]
9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that 𝑓 is invertible 11. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be a function defined as
√𝑦+6−1 𝑓(𝑥) = 9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑆,
with 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = ( ).hence find where 𝑆 is the range of 𝑓, is invertible.
3
(i) 𝑓 −1 (10) Find the inverse of 𝑓 and hence find
4
(ii) 𝑦 if 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = 3 where 𝑅+ is the set of 𝑓 −1 (43) and 𝑓 −1 (163). [6M, Delhi]
all non-negative real numbers.
[delhi 6M, 2010 fore] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 (𝑖) 1 (𝑖𝑖) 19] 2015
4 4
05. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅 − {− 3} → 𝑅 − {3} given by 12. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by
4𝑥+3
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+4. Show that f is bijective. Find 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 by 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥 3 + 5, then find the value of (𝑓𝑜𝑔)−1 (𝑥).
the inverse of f and hence find 𝑓 −1 (0) and
13. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑅 be a function defined as
𝑥 such that 𝑓 −1 𝑥 = 2. [all india 6M]
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 15. Show that 𝑓: 𝑁 →
06. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3}, 𝐵 = −{1}. Let 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be
𝑥−2
𝑆, where 𝑆 is the range of 𝑓, is invertible.
defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = , ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴. Show that Also find the inverse of 𝑓. [fore 6 M]
𝑥−3
𝑓 is bijective. Also, find 14. Show that the relation 𝑅 in the set
(i) 𝑥, if 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 4 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 −
(ii) 𝑓 −1 (7) [6M foreign] [𝑎𝑛𝑠: (𝑖)2, 𝑏| is divisible by 2} is an equivalence
19 relation. Write all the equivalence classes
(𝑖𝑖) ]
6 of 𝑅. [6M outside comp]
4
07. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 − {− 3} → 𝑅 be a function defined 15. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [−9, ∞[ given by 𝑓(𝑥) =
4𝑥 5𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 9. Prove that 𝑓 is invertible
as 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥+4. Show that 𝑓 is a one-one
√54+5𝑦−3
function. Also check whether 𝑓 is an onto with 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = . [6M, Allahabad]
5
function or not. Hence find 𝑓 −1 in 16. Determine whether the relation 𝑅 defined
(𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓) → 𝑅 − {− }. [6M, all India
4 on the set ℝ of all real numbers as 𝑅 =
3
{(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ and 𝑎 − 𝑏 + √3 ∈ 𝑆,
comp]
where 𝑆 is the set of all irrational
2016 numbers}, is reflexive, symmetric and
08. Show that the relation R defined by transitive. [6M, Ajmer]
(𝑎, 𝑏) 𝑅 (𝑐, 𝑑) ⟹ 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 on the 17. Let 𝐴 = { −1, 0, 1, 2}, 𝐵 = { − 4, − 2, 0, 2}
𝐴 × 𝐴, where 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, … . . , 10} is an and 𝑓, 𝑔: 𝐴 → 𝐵 be functions defined
equivalence relation. Hence write the by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 and 𝑔(𝑥) =
1
equivalence class [(3, 4)]; 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ 𝐴. 2 |𝑥 − 2| − 1, 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴. Find 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) and
[E, 6 M] hence show that 𝑓 = 𝑔 = 𝑔𝑜𝑓. [6M,
09. Let 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 be a function defined as Guwahati]
𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 15. Show that 𝑓: 𝑁 → 18. Let 𝑓: 𝑊 → 𝑊 be defined as 𝑓(𝑛) =
𝑆 is invertible (where 𝑆 is range of 𝑓). 𝑛 − 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
Find the inverse of f and hence { Show that 𝑓 is
𝑛 + 1 , 𝑖𝑓 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
find 𝑓 −1 (31) and 𝑓 −1 (87). invertible and find the inverse of 𝑓. Here,
[S, 6M] 𝑊 is the set of all whole numbers. [6M,
10. If 𝑓, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be two functions defined as panchkula]
𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥, ∀𝑥 ∈
19. Show that the relation 𝑅 in the set 𝐴 = 28. If 𝑓, 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are two functions defined as
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| is 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = |𝑥| − 𝑥, ∀ 𝑥 ∈
divisible by 2 } is an equivalence relation. 𝑅, then, find 𝑓𝑜𝑔 and 𝑔𝑜𝑓.
Show that all the elements of {1, 3, 5} are [𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑑 2014 𝐶]
related to each other and all the elements 29. If 𝑅 is a relation defined on the set of
of {2, 4} are related to each other, but no natural numbers 𝑁 as follows:
element of {1, 3, 5} is related to any 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦), 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 2𝑥 + 𝑦 =
element of {2, 4}. [6M, Trivandrum] 24}, then find the domain and range of the
relation R. Also, find the R is an
2014 equivalence relation or not. [4M del C]
20. Let A = {1, 2, 3,....., 9} and R be the relation
in A × A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if 𝑎 + 2013
𝑑 = 𝑏 + 𝑐 for (a, b), (c, d) in A x A. Prove 30. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {2} and B=R-{1}. If f: A→B is a
that R is an equivalence relation. Also 𝑥−1
function defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−2, show that
obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)]. [4M
f is one-one and onto. Hence find f-1. [4M]
delhi] 2
31. Show that the function f in 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3}
21. Let R = {(a, a3) : a is a prime number less
4𝑥−3
than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R. defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥−4 is one-one and
[1M fore] onto. Hence find 𝑓 −1 . [4M]
22. Let 𝑓: 𝑊 → 𝑊, be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1, 32. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [4, ∞) given by 𝑓(𝑥) =
if 𝑥 is odd and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1, if x is even. 𝑥 2 + 4. Show that 𝑓 is invertible with the
Show that f is invertible. Find the inverse inverse 𝑓 −1 of 𝑓 given by 𝑓 −1 (𝑦) =
of f, where 𝑊 is the set of all whole
√𝑦 − 4, where 𝑅+ is the set of all non-
numbers. [4M fore, 11]
negative real numbers. [4M all in, fore
23. Let R be the equivalence relation in the set
11]
𝐴 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏) ∶ 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑎 − 𝑏)}. Write
the equivalence class [0]. [1M delhi] 2012
24. If 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 8} is a relation on 33. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1}. Consider
𝑁, write the range of 𝑅. [1M outside] the function 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
25. If the function 𝑥−2
. Show that 𝑓 is one-one and onto
𝑥−3
𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2 and
𝑥 hence find 𝑓 −1 .
𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1, 𝑥 ≠ 1,
34. Show that 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, given by
find 𝑓𝑜𝑔 and 𝑔𝑜𝑓 and hence find 𝑓𝑜𝑔 (2) 𝑥 + 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑓(𝑥) = { is bijective.
and 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (− 3). [4M out side] 𝑥 − 1, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
26. If 𝑓 ∶ {1, 3, 4} → {1, 2, 5} and 𝑔 ∶ [4M all in]
{1, 2, 5} → {1, 3} given by 𝑓 =
{(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 1)} and 𝑔 =
{(1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 1)}. Write down 𝑔𝑜𝑓.
2011
[𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑔𝑜𝑓 = {(1, 3), (3, 1), (4, 3)}]. 35. State the reason for the relation R in the
[all india 2014 C] set {1, 2, 3} given by R={(1,2), (2,1)} not to
27. Let R is the equivalence relation in the set be transitive. [1M del]
𝐴 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by 𝑅 = 36. Let 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined as 𝑓(𝑥) = 10𝑥 +
{(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (𝑎 − 𝑏)}. Write the 7. Find the function 𝑔 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 such that
equivalence class [0]. [delhi 2014 C] gof = fog = IR. [4M all ind] or
37. If 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3}, 𝐵 = {4, 5, 6, 7} and 𝑓 = 49. If 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 is a function. Define a relation
{(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 6)} is a function from 𝐴 to R on 𝑋 given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑓(𝑎) = 𝑓(𝑏)}.
𝐵. State whether 𝑓 is one-one or not. [1M Show that 𝑅 is an equivalence relation on
all] 𝑋. [all in comp]
38. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2, 50. Show that a function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 given by
then define 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)). [1M fore, del-10] 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑅, 𝑎 ≠ 0 is a
39. Write 𝑓𝑜𝑔, if 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are bijective. [delhi comp]
2009
1
given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 8𝑥 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 . [1M
fore] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 8𝑥] 3𝑥+5
51. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = is an
40. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is the function defined by 2

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 7, then show that 𝑓 is a invertible function, then find 𝑓 −1

(𝑥). [1M
2𝑥−5
bijection. [4M delhi C] all India] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 ]
3

2010 52. Prove that the relation R in set 𝐴 =

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 −
41. What is the range of the function
|𝑥−1| 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛} is an equivalence relation.
f(x) =(𝑥−1) , 𝑥 ≠ 1? [1M del] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 {−1, 1}] [4Mdelhi]
42. Let Z be the set of all integers and R be the 53. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) =
relation on Z defined as R = { (a, b) : a, b ∈ 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is given by
Z, and (a – b) is divisible by 5.} Prove that 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3, then find (i) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 and (ii)
R is an equivalence relation. [4M] 𝑔𝑜𝑓.
43. If 𝑓 ∶ 𝑅 → 𝑅 be defined by f(x) = (3 – [𝑎𝑛𝑠 (𝑖) 4𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 1 (𝑖𝑖) 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 1]
x3)1/3, then find fof(x). [1M all] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑥] 54. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is given by 𝑓(𝑥) =
44. Show that the relation S in the set 𝑥+3
and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is given by 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 −
3
A = {x ∈ Z : 0 < x < 12} given by
3, then find (i) 𝑓𝑜𝑔 and (ii) 𝑔𝑜𝑓. Is 𝑓 −1 =
S = {(a, b): a, b ∈ Z, | a – b | is divisible by 2𝑥 2𝑥−3
𝑔? [𝑎𝑛𝑠 (𝑖) (𝑖𝑖) ,
4} is an equivalence relation. Find the 3 3
set of all elements related to 1. [4M] 𝑛𝑜]
45. If 𝑓 is an invertible function, defined as
𝑓(𝑥) =
3𝑥−4
, then write 𝑓 −1 (𝑥). [1M fore]
2008
5
5𝑥+4 55. State whether the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 given
[𝑎𝑛𝑠 ] by 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 is injective, surjective or
3
46. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are given by both. [1M all] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒]
𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 , then find 56. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =
2𝑥−7
is an
4
𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥). [1M fore] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 5 sin2 𝑥]
1 invertible function, then find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥).

47. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 27𝑥 3 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 , then find 4𝑥+7

[1M delhi] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 ]
𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥). [1M fore] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 3𝑥] 2

48. If the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) =

3𝑥 − 4 is invertible, then find 𝑓 −1 . [1M all
𝑥+4
in comp] [𝑎𝑛𝑠 ]
3