CHAPTER-1

NUMBER SYSTEM AND SIMPLIFICATION

(1) Natural Numbers: All the counting numbers are 3. (a –b)²= a²+ b²–2ab
called natural number. 4. (a + b + c)²= a²+ b²+ c²+ 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
Example:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ...... 5. (a +b)³= a³+ b³+ 3ab (a + b)
6. (a –b)³= a³–b³–3ab (a –b)
(a) Even Numbers: The numbers which are 7. a³+ b³= (a + b) (a²+ b²–ab)
exactly divisible by 2 are called even 8. a³–b³= (a –b) (a²+ b²+ ab)
[Link], 4, 6, 8, ... 9. a³+ b³+ c³–3abc = (a + b + c) (a²+ b²+ c²–ab –bc –
ac)
(b)Odd Numbers: The numbers which
leave a remainder 1 when divided by 2 are called odd Tests of divisibility
numbers. Example:1, 3, 5, 7, .... Divisibility by 2: A number is divisible by 2 if its unit
digit is zero or an even number.
(c)Prime Numbers: If a number is not Example:
divisible by any other number except 1 and itself, 248, 130
it is called a prime number. Divisibility by 3:
Example:2, 3, 5, 7, 11, .... A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digit is
divisible by 3.
Co-primes →Two numbers which have no Example:
common factor between them except 1 are said to be 279 →2 + 7 + 9 = 18.
co-prime to each other. The two numbers 18 is divisible by 3, hence 279 is divisible by 3.
individually may be prime or composite. Divisibility by 4:
Example:13 and 29 are co-primes. A number is divisible by 4 if the number formed by
its last two digits is divisible by 4.
(d) Composite Numbers: Example:
Numbers which are divisible by other numbers 236784
along with 1 and itself are called Here, 84 is divisible by 4, hence 236784 is divisible
composite numbers. Example:4, 6, 8, 9, 10, ..... by 4.
The number 1 is neither prime nor composite. Divisibility by 5:
A number is divisible by 5 if the number or its unit
(2)Whole Numbers: Natural numbers along digit is either 5 or 0.
with ‘0’ form the set of whole numbers. Example:
Example: 0, 1, 2, 3, ..... 115, 240, etc.
Divisibility by 6:
(3)Integers: All counting numbers and their A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by both 2
negatives along with zero are called Integers. and 3.
Example:......-4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ....... Example:
318, 396, etc.
(4)Rational and Irrational Numbers Divisibility by 8:
: Any number which can be expressed in the form of A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed by
, where p and q are integers and q≠ its last 3 digit is divisible by 8.
Example:
0, is a rational number. Example: , 4, –6, etc. 23816.
Numbers which are represented by non–terminating Here, 816 is divisible by 8, hence 23816 is divisible
and non–recurring decimals are called irrational by 8.
numbers. Divisibility by 9:
Example:√2= 1.414....., A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all its digits
√3= 1.732..... is divisible by 9.
(5)Real Numbers: Rational and irrational Example:
number taken together are called real numbers 72936 →7 + 2 + 9 + 3 + 6 = 27
Some important formula : 27 is divisible by 9, hence 72936 is divisible by 9.
1. a²–b²= (a + b) (a –b) Divisibility by 11:
2. (a + b)²= a²+ b²+ 2ab
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference of the (2) 0. 𝑎𝑏 =
sum of the alternate digits starting from the units
digit and the sum of the alternate digits starting from (3) 0. 𝑎𝑏𝑐̅ =
the tens digit is either ‘0’ or is a multiple of 11. (4) 𝑎. 𝑏𝑐𝑑 = 𝑎 + 0. 𝑏𝑐𝑑 = 𝑎 +
Example: 1 3 3 1
(1 + 3) –(3 + 1) = 0 (5) 𝑎. 𝑏𝑐𝑑 = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 = 𝑎 +
⇒1331 is divisible by 11.
Simplification:
Finding HCF by Division method ‘BODMAS’ Rule
Divide the greater number by the smaller number. Now a days it becomes ‘VBODMAS’ where,
Then divide the divisor by the remainder. Now, ‘V’ stands for “Vinculum"
divide the second divisor by the second remainder ‘B’ stands for “Bracket”
We repeat this process till no remainder is left. The ‘O' stands for “Of’
last divisor is the HCF. ‘D’ stands for “Division”
Example: ‘M’ stands for ‘‘Multiplication"
HCF of 144, 336 ‘A’ stands for “Addition”
‘S’ stands for "Subtraction”
Same order of operations must be applied during
simplification.
Thus in simplifying an expression, first of all the
brackets must be removed, strictly in the order (),
{ }, [].
After removing the brackets, we must use the
following operations strictly in the order :
(i) of (ii) Division (iii) Multiplication (iv)
Addition (v) Subtraction
HCF = 48
LCM and HCF of fractions : LENGTH UNIT CONVERSION
LCM of fractions =( ) 1 km 1000m
1m 100 cm
HCF of fractions =
1 cm 10 mm
CONVERSION OF RATIONAL NUMBER OF
THE FORM NON-TERMINATING WEIGHT UNIT CONVERSION
RECURRING DECIMAL INTO THE RATIONAL 1 ton 2000 pounds
𝒑
NUMBER OF THE FORM 𝒒 10 mg 1 cg
100 cg 1g
Note: (1) 0. 𝑎 = 1000 g 1 kg

EXERCISES

1. Simplify: 4. The value of x in the following equation is:

1 1 1
[{( ) − ( ) }] ÷ ( ) 1 2 3.5 8 3
3 2 4 ÷ × 𝑜𝑓 (0.08)𝑥 = 1
##1/16 2 10 7 20 5
2. 3.123 × 10 equals: (a)20 (b) 40
(a) 0.3123 (b) 3123 (c) 25 (d) 35
(c) 31230 (d) 312300 5. 1 ÷ × = 1 × ÷ , then the value of x is-
3. The value of
4 ÷ 1 𝑜𝑓 10 + = ##210 (a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 8 (d) 9
6. ÷? = 8 17. The value of 1 + is
(a) (b) 𝟏𝟕
𝟏 ##𝟏𝟏
(c)𝟐𝟒 (d)
18. 10 ÷ 5 + 5 − (6 − 2) × 3 is equal to
7. The value of 3 + 1 ÷7 − is – ##-5
(𝑎) 5 (b) 4 19. The decimal 0.245454545... is equal to
𝟐𝟕
𝟏 ##𝟏𝟏𝟎
(c) 𝟑 (d) 2
𝟕
8. ?+ = +
20. If 1 ÷ × = 1 × ÷ then the value of x is
𝟐 ## 6
(a) (𝐛)
𝟑 21. If 5 = , then the value of x is
(c) (d) ## -2
9. The additive inverse of is 22. The sum of two rational numbers is . If one of
(a) (b) the numbers is − , then the other number is
(c)
( )
(d) −
(𝒙 𝟑) ## 4/5
(𝒙 𝟕)
* If a number is added to its additive inverse, 23. The value of [3 ÷ {1 − (2 − − )}] is--
the sum of both the numbers becomes zero. - ##𝟕𝟖
* The multiplicative inverse of any number is × × × ×
24. On simplifying × × ×
we get
another number that when multiplied by the
##1000
original number gives the product as 1.
10. The value of (2 × 5 ) ÷ 4 is - 25. The value of x, if 3𝑥 + = 2𝑥 +
(a) 2.5 (b) 40 (a) x  3 (b) x  3
(c) 4/10 (d) 10/4 (c) x 13 (d) x  1/3
11. Value of ( ) × ( ) × ( ) is 26. Solve
. .
. . × . .
(a) 12 (b) 13 (a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 14 (d) 15 (c) 3 (d) 5
12. What is the missing number? 27. Subtracting 7x +y from –x +y gives
=? −5? (S0, 2018) (a)6x+2y (b) 8x+2y
(a) 7 (b) 10 (c) 8x (d) -8x
(c) 13 (d) 15 28. If x-y = 7 and xy = 78, then − =
13. Solve: (a) 7/78 (b) 78/7
2 4 2 (c) -7/78 (d) 10
8 ÷ 1 + 3 =?
3 9 3 (UDC 2014)
𝟐
(##𝟗 𝟑) 29. How do you write 12 thousandths?
14. Sum of − 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 − 30. State true or false:
(i) 2 is a prime number
(a) -7/ 18 (b) 7/ 28 (ii) 4 is a composite number
(c)- 7/ 48 (d) 7 /48 (iii) 2 and 5 are composite number
Decimal number: A number whose whole number
31. Which of the following is a pair of co-prime?
part and the fractional part is separated by a
(a) 16,62 (b) 21,35
decimal point. Eg, 34.45
(c) 23,92 (d) 18,25
15. Convert each of the following into a decimal
32. The product of two irrational numbers is: (a)
number.
always irrational
(a) (b) 5 (b) always rational
16. What is the correct way of writing (c) always an integer
15thousandths? (d) sometimes rational, sometimes irrational
(a) 15 1000𝑠 (b) 33. Convert the following into a rational number.
,
(a) 0.666…..
(c) 15 (d) 0.015
(b) 0.47
(c) 0. 001
 ##(a) 2/3 (b) 43/90 (c) 1/999
34. The value of 1.999… in the form , where p
OLD QUESTIONS
and q are integers and q  0 , is
##2 51. On dividing 12401 by a certain number,we get
35. Find the smallest whole number by which 1458
76 as quotient and 13 as remainder, then the
should be multiplied to get a perfect square.
##2 divisor is
36. What is the least number to be multiplied with (a) 162 (b) 163
294 to make it a perfect square? (c) 164 (d) 165
##6 52. 32 cartons each containing 15 juice cans cost
37. If half a metre of cloth costs Rs.30, how much Rs.8,640. What is the cost of 24 cartons each
would 2 metres cost? ##rs.120 containing 14 juice cans of the same type?
38. If the cost of 15 oranges is Rs.35, the cost of 39 (a) Rs.4,806 (b) Rs.6,048
oranges is: ##rs.91
(c) Rs.8,460 (d) Rs.4,860
39. The cost of 5 m of a particular type of cloth is
Rs. 210. The cost of 13m of cloth of the same 53. A number is made of 2 digits. If 45 is added to
type is- #rs.546 the number, the digit gets reversed. What is the
40. The cost of 10 m of cloth is Rs.850, find the cost number?
of 12 m of cloth. ##1020 (a) 18 (b) 36
41. of a number is 30. What is the number? (c) 27 (d) 5
##45 54. How many numbers lie between 10 and 300,
42. If the cost of 9 toys is Rs.333, find the cost of 15 which when divided by 4 leave a remainder 3?
such toys. ##555 (a) 71 (b) 72
43. If cost of 15 eggs is Rs.75/-, then find out the (c) 73 (d) 74
cost of 4 dozens eggs ##rs.240 55. A number consists of two digits. The digit in
44. The supplement of 2/3 of a right angle is: the ten’s place is triple the digit in the unit’s
##120
place. When digits are interchanged the number
**Two angles are called complementary when their
measures add to 90 degrees. Two angles are decreases by 36, then the number is
called supplementary when their measures add (a) 93 (b) 82
up to 180 degrees. (c) 62 (d) 72
45. The smallest number which must be added to 56. If the product 5465 × 6k4 is divisible by 15,
3479 so that it becomes a perfect square is: then the value of k is -
## 2 (a) 1 (b) 2
46. In a computer lab, there are 3 computers for (c) 5 (d) None of these
every 6 students. The number of computers
57. A two digit number is four times the sum of its
needed for 24 students is ## 12
47. An electric energy meter of a household reads digits and twice the product of the digits, then
5800 units. After one month, it reads 6100 units. the number is
How much the house owner has to pay for one (a) 45 (b) 36
month’s bill if the cost of one unit of electric (c) 25 (d) 18
energy is ₹2. ##600 58. × × × × equals to how much?
48. An airplane uses 500 kg of fuel in 10 minutes.
How much fuel is needed for one and a half (a) 3 (b) 6
hours? ## 4500 kgs (c) 4 (d) 0
49. There is 20-meter long rope and you want to cut 59. The value of 50 + 8 − 18 is -
it at every 2 meters long. How many times do (a) (b)
you need to cut the given row?
## 9 times (c) (d)
50. The weight of 12 sheets of thick paper is 40g.
How many sheets of the same paperweight
2.6kg? ## 780