<br>

Exam Material
CONCEPT+MCQS+PYQS

Computer Networks
O Reference Models
For More MaterialContact
@BG2550 9106063782
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Computer Networks
Computer Network T
?

G data, information oir resources (internet, printer) share fey Glt

it st Computer Network hgàI

Network ychR

1 PAN (Personal Area Network)

area
d S
TTT10 meter dei
3aTSRUT: Bluetooth, Mobile hotspot

2| LAN (Local Area Network)

Speed yIA
3G1RUT: Computer lab

3 MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)

City level network
3GISRUT: Cable TV network

4 WAN (Wide Area Network)

3aIFRUT: Internet
Exam Trick:
Area fHIG - PAN < LAN < MAN< WAN
<br>

9 Network Topology

1 Bus Topology
yi main cable (backbone)

=
Backbone fail yI network d<

2 Star Topology
aft Hub yt Switch

Fault 6 3THT

3 Ring Topology

Data ya direction qGl

4 Mesh Topology
3R node R NOde ggT

H reliable
Cost ad gIT
Exam Favorite:

VMost used Star

V Most reliable Mesh

0sIModel (agi Important)

OS| = Open Systems Interconnection
Total 7 Layers

1| Physical - Bits, cable, signal

2 Data Link - Framing, MAC address
3 Network- Routing, IP address
4 Transport - End to end delivery
5 Session - Session control
6 Presentation - Encryption
<br>

ut Computer Network

R= Computer
Hh / AR/zAT= Network media
=
qId-jld Data transfer

Network yehR (Area h fIG )

1 PAN - Personal Area Network

G Real Life:
dRT HlGISl + R earbuds + smartwatch
area
Ed st

Bluetooth s

2 LAN - Local Area Network

GReal Life:

Speed uT
Control 3J4t H
<br>

MAN - Metropolitan Area Network

GReal Life:

:
QIGT FR gellch post office Ì

4 WAN - Wide Area Network

G Real Life:

HqH 4GI network

9 Network Topology (Network âi qdc)

1 Bus Topology

G Real Life:

sExample:
jq a yc main road
<br>

2 Star Topology

G Real Life:

aftu Hub/Switch

3 Ring Topology

Real Life:

ya g break =
t train ch Hhit

4 Mesh Topology
Real Life:

HT reliable

Army / Defence use

<br>

G HHqAmazon l Order ha
Application Layer

Gaapp aidh order htdI

(User interaction)

6 Presentation Layer
GMobile 4e format pack siaà
(Encryption / Compression)

5 Session Layer
G Delivery 25 end d track
(Session maintain)

4 Transport Layer
G H address, H quantity
(End-to-end delivery)

3 Network Layer
G Delivery aliT route choose chI
(Routing /IP)

2 Data Link Layer

& Local area r
oI
(MACaddress)

1 Physical Layer

G Road, bike, fuel

(Cable, signal, bits)

Shortcut ra RI HT:
AllPeople Seem To Need Data Processing
<br>

PData Transmission Modes - Real Life

Simplex

tt: TV

Half Duplex

: Walkie-Talkie

FullDuplex

: Mobile call

Exam Point (Golden Lines)

Internet = WAN
Star topology a common
Mesh topology Hat reliable
OSI =7layers
<br>

Reference Models (Computer Networks)

• Reference Model TŽ? (Simple )

G Reference Modelyei standard blueprint (4aR) siar

.
data t tT GIIYI

iactual network T Bat,

Architect
Engineer - structure
Electrician wiring
• Plumber - pipe
Painter - finishing
H
hI RT = Reference Model
gR =
Hi Real Network

Computer Networks fhc Reference Models ?

Wireless /Computer Networks H2 Reference Models Fi ž:

1 OSI Reference Model

2 TCP/IP Reference Model
 Reference Model- Deep Explanation(Hindi)
<br>

OSI

OSI Reference Model T?

OSI(Open Systems Interconnection) Reference Model y
theoretical / conceptual model

Network at 4 fey
Standardization fe
Troubleshooting 3rHI GHafy
G gt develop fa T ISO (International Organization for Standardization)

Overview (t story)

G HHAa 344 WhatsApp message

Message:

àGq GlldI (Sender side)

SR IGI Ž (Receiver side)
OSl model layer a qT fIxedh|H
<br>

OSI Model =7 Layers

Physical
Data Link

3 Network

4 Transport
5 Session
6 Presentation
Application

y
al shortcut:

All People Seem To Need Data Processing

Layer-by-Layer Deep Explanation

I Physical Layer (Hat -)

a
G Raw bits (0 ir 1) GHIH

Voltage level
Cable type
Connector
Signal transmission

tg layer data i HgI,fas bits GHH

<br>

G T
HGch, R,

fH 4Rmessage physically lliÈ

Devices
Cable
Repeater
• Hub

Exam Points
Lowest layer
Bit transmission
• Hardware based layer

Data Link Layer

G Error-free delivery (local network )

Main functions:

Framing
Error detection
MAC address use hT
Data ht frames convert htct

Hg
G Society èh sice flat
(Flat number = MAC
address)

Devices
Switch
Bridge

Exam Points
• MAC
address ysi use zl
• Error detection
Framing
<br>

3 Network Layer

r IP
G Routing address
Best path choose heI
Packet forwarding
Data h packets handle hft

G Courier company decide htct

Delhi MumbaifH RAGI

Devices
Router

Exam Points
• IP address
Routing
Logical addressing
<br>

4 Transport Layer (4gA important)

End-to-End delivery

Main functions:

Segmentation
Flow control
• Error control

Protocols:
TCP (Reliable)
• UDP (Fast but unreliable)

Data ht segments divide hRii

(itš piece missing S)

Exam Points
TCP vs UDP
End-to-end communication
Reliability ys decide zlt
<br>

5 Session Layer

G Session establish, maintain sr terminate

Login / Logout
Session management

G Phone call start - talk call end

Exam Points
Session control
Synchronization

6 Presentation Layer
RT HTH cht ?
G Data hT format change che
Functions:

Encryption
Decryption
Compression
Sender ir receiver ti h same format data f

G Hindi - English translate

YT Zip file compress hel
Exam Points
Data security
Encryption 4si gtt
<br>

Z Application Layer (Hat a4R)

GUser sir network af

interface

Examples:

Email
Web browsing
File transfer

Protocols:
• HTTP
• FTP
SMTP

G WhatsApp, Chrome, Gmail

Exam Points
User closest layer
• Network services provide hct

Data Flow (Very Important)

Sender Side:
Application – Presentation - Session Transport- Network Data Link

Receiver Side:
Physical- Data Link Network Transport Session - Presentation - Ap

t Exam direct question 341G1T Ž

<br>

Q1. Which organization developed the OSI Reference Model?

(A) IEEE
(B) ITU

(C) ISO
(D) ANSI

Answer: (C) ISO V

Explanation:
OSI Reference Model t ISO (International Organization for Standardization) develop

TŽI SI Modelai purpose 45 T

a
ISO h|HWorldwide standards 3T-3T
company (vendor) computers eiR networks 3T44 3THIT communicate R HoI

Q2. How many layers are there in the OSI Reference Model?

(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 6

(D) 7

Answer: (D) 7 V
Explanation:
OSI Reference Model p7 layers ztit žI

3R oir data y layer

layer hl 344T fixed H|H Bt t layer step-by-step sildl i
ys layered structure OSI Model hi H4 3R troubleshoot het 3IHIT 4IdŽI

Q3. The OSI Reference Model is classified as which type of model?

(A) Physical model

(B)Theoretical / Conceptual model
(C) Mathematical model
(D) Practical implementation model

Answer: (B) Theoretical / Conceptual model V

Explanation:
OSI Model hg real network implementation 6iI
4E yi conceptual (theoretical) model à fo network i working à HHGÀfay qII

Actual Internet OS
R Ti, aÍech TCP/IP model R AIH HHGI I
<br>

04. Which is the lowest layer of

the 0SI Reference Model?
(A) Data Link
(B) Network
(C) Physical
(D) Transport

Answer: (C) Physical

Explanation:
Physical Layer OSI Model a yGt f f i layer
4z layer ft 0 otr (bits) transmission deal ht
1

Cable, voltage level, signal, connector tît physical i gît layer Tt šI

[Link] is the highest layer of

the 0SI Reference Model?

(A) Presentation
(B) Session
(C) Transport
(D) Application

Answer: (D) Application

Explanation:
Application Layer 0SIModel âi Ha R
aref layer gift i
Yg User sr network t interface chl Gh|4 ChRdI
Email, web browsing, file transfer tf services gft layer user t fAct šI

06. Inwhich OSI layer is MAC address used?

(A) Physical
(B) Data Link
(C) Network

(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Data Link V

Explanation:
MAC Address hl 3y Data Link Layer fahy sldàI
Yz layer local network sie HÌ device dch data ygUt h HI4 hei i
Framing 3R error detection ft geit layer responsibility I
t
<br>

Q7. Routing and IP addressing are functions of which 0SI layer?

(A) Data Link
(B)Transport
(C) Network

(D) Session

Answer: (C) Network V

Explanation:
Network Layer i 4Y HIH BaT :
• IP Address 5 3uu
Data + fy best path (routing)
11
Routers gît layer yR GHIH HG ž
sirdata ht ys network G network A; iI

08. End-to-end communication is provided by which OSI layer?

(A) Network
(B) Data Link
(C) Session
(D) Transport

Answer: (D) Transport

Explanation:
Transport Layer sender t receiver di complete R
reliable delivery yffH httI
4G data ht segments divide Gheit 3R error control, flow control hrt I

TCP 3R UDP protocols seft layer T ŽI

Q9. Data encryption and compression are performed at which OSI layer?

(A) Session
(B) Presentation
(C) Application
(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Presentation

Explanation:
Presentation Layer data format sir security related t i
Encryption, decryption, compression stz decompression 3f layer fh4I Gld AIG
receiver at data sR secure format AI
<br>

Q10. Which OSI layer is responsible for session establishment, maintenance,

and termination?
(A) Application
(B) Transport
(C) Session
(D) Presentation

Answer: (C) Session V

Explanation:
Session Layer hT HTH COmmunication session at start chT, maintain che 3R end heT

G
I

login-logout, session control, synchronization

n
Q11. the 0Sl model, data is divided into segments at which layer?
(A) Network
(B) Data Link
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (C)Transport V

Explanation:
Transport Layer data t ss f aict f segments hT III I
Segmentation data ât reliable fr orderly delivery possible giit I
TCP 3tR UDP 5eft layer a4 hti

Q12. VWhich OSI layer is responsible for framing?

(A)Physical
(B) Data Link
(C) Network
(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Data Link V

Explanation:
Data Link Layer raw data t frames convert I
Framing local network error-free delivery fey tFift I
MAC address g
layer use Flar
i
<br>

Q13. Which OSI layer deals with logical addressing?

(A) Data Link
(B) Transport
(C) Network
(D) Session

Answer: (C) Network V

Explanation:
Logical addressing GHT
HdetG IP Address
I SqTI
IP Address Network Layer
â responsibility Fit UIh YET layer routing stz path selection

Q14. Which OSI layer is closest to the user?

(A) Presentation
(B) Session
(C) Transport
(D) Application

Answer: (D) Application

Explanation:
Application Layer user ya TH tt I
User fit gft layer through network services H
email, web browsing, file transfer T

Q15. Which OSI layer ensures reliable data delivery?

(A) Network
(B) Data Link
(C) Transport
(D) Session

Answer: (C) Transport V

Explanation:
Reliable delivery hI Hdelq data complete 3itr correct yUTI
Transport Layer error control, flow control oir sequencing Ghto reliability ensure GhRit ŽI
TCP protocol sefi layer reliability provide hdl ŽI
<br>

Q16. Which OSI layer converts data into bits for transmission?

(A) Physical
(B) Data Link
(C) Network
(D) Transport

Answer: (A) PhysicalV

Explanation:
Physical Layer data at bits (0 sr 1) form convert ahch transmission hft I
qg layer voltage, signal, cable ir connector related gia i

Q17. Error detection is mainly performed at which OSI layer?

(A) Network
(B) Transport
(C) Data Link

(D) Session

Answer: (C) Data Link V

Explanation:
Data Link Layer local network error detection a HIH GHtct
I
use aià žI
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)
t methods seft layer

Q18. Which 0SI layer performs encryption and decryption of data?

(A)Application
(B) Presentation
(C) Session
(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Presentation

Explanation:
Presentation Layer data ât security &tr format deal Ghtft 1

Encryption sr decryption gufr layer aiž aIs data secure I

<br>

[Link] 0SI layer is responsible for routing packets?

(A) Data Link

(B) Network
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (B) Network V

Explanation:
Routing al HdTS Fta § data a source t destination dc5 ygt fey best path gT|
YF chIH Network Layer ht ŽI
IP Address a GUT t 3eft layer ÌR Router zft layer y operate Ghtll I
SHÍTY routing gi Network Layer gsi gar Ž1

020. Which OSI layer handles flow control and error control at end-to-end
level?
(A)Session
(B) Network
(C) Data Link

(D) Transport

Answer: (D) Transport V

Explanation:
End-to-end communication h Hdoig sender t ch receiver ic yRT data HsÌ Y3uHI
4F responsibility Transport Layer ft gft I
Transport Layer data ch segments divide Gheci error control sr flow control hc i
TCP protocol seit layer reliablity provide Ghedl §I

Q21. Which OSI layer converts data into frames?

(A) Physical
(B) Data Link
(C) Network
(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Data Link V

Explanation:
Data Link Layer raw data h frames convert Ghtcit ifdh local network data error-free

MAC Address hT 3q
f sf layer zir BR framing local delivery h fey agd Jto
Ž
slt
<br>

Q22. Which OSI layer is responsible for converting data into packets?
(A) Data Link
(B) Network
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (B) Network V

Explanation:
Network Layer data h packets à o handle Ghtt i
Ys y logical addressing (IP) siR routing ga SHAY packetization Network Layer
§,
sT

Q23. Which OSl layer provides synchronization during communication?

(A) Transport
(B) Presentation
(C) Session
(D) Application

Answer: (C)Session V
Explanation:
Session Layer communication ¿H synchronization provide ait I
Hdetg data exchange tu
checkpoints HI
AIa failure g q qsi t communication

Q24. Which 0SI layer is responsible for data format translation?

(A) Application
(B) Presentation
(C) Session
(D) Transport

Answer: (B) Presentation V

Explanation:
Presentation Layer data format aât handle aheit 1
3TR sender r receiver o systems i data formats 4eT Fi, 4s layer translation heii
<br>

Q25. Which OSI layer is responsible for reliable delivery of data?

(A)Network
(B) Data Link
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (C) Transport V

Explanation:
Reliable delivery hI Hdg data a yRT
Gr Hst qEuI
Transport Layer error control, flow control otr sequencing hrci reliability fga h.
GHGR TCP protocol à uRyI

Q26. Which OSI layer works with signals and voltage levels?
(A)Physical
(B) Data Link

(C) Network

(D)Transport

Answer: (A) Physical V

Explanation:
Physical Layer signal, voltage level, bit rate, cable ar connector e physical
I
characteristics deal
qz layer fAS bits (0 1)
tr t transmit I

[Link] OSI layer ensures error-free delivery within a local network?

(A)Transport
(B) Network
(C) Data Link

(D) Session

Answer: (C) Data Link V

Explanation:
Local network à icR error-free delivery câi responsibility Data Link Layer ât Bit l
Yg framing
r error detection (dt CRC) Gat
3Y ARo errors hÌ detect hRft I
<br>

Q28. Which OSI layer provides services like email and file transfer?
(A) Transport
(B) Presentation
(C) Session
(D) Application

Answer: (D) Application V

Explanation:
Application Layer user at t network services tet email, file transfer, web access
I

Yg 0SIModel ci HAT GUR qIt layer Btft I

Q29. Which OSIlayer establishes the logical path between sOurce and
destination?
(A) Data Link
(B) Network
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (B) Network V

Explanation:
Logical path establish hI Hdg routing hI
Network Layer source str destination u
best route choose ht str IP addressing ta

Q30. Which OSI layer is responsible for breaking messages into smaller units
before transmission?
(A) Network
(B) Data Link
(C) Transport
(D) Physical

Answer: (C) Transport V

Explanation:
Transport Layer data ot transmission yg segments divide Ghtcii žI
SHT data ht manage hr 3ATHIT B GIIGT Ž3R end-to-end delivery reliable -t ŽI
<br>

TCP/IP Reference Model - FullDeep Explanation (Hindi)

• TCP/|IP Reference Model r?

TCP/IP Reference Model yah practical network model
G fuH 344T Internet chlH hGIŽI

OSI model g fey

TCP/IP model dr
fe
r st develop f TYT
T DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) zRII

4 TCP/IP Fi ys? (Exam Logic)

Internet TCP/IP model yz TidI

gHfy TOP/IPpractical + real-world model
Wireless/ Networking exams Yg line gET H|H
31t I

TCP/IP Model fhct layers ziii ?

G TCP/IP Reference Model gpet 4 layers aft

1 Application Layer
2 Transport Layer
3 Internet Layer
4 Network Access Layer

Complete Story (0verview)

d HA Mobile Google open ehtGil
qrequest haT
Data e

AI
Address
Route decide gia
Wire / air bits

YF RI process TCP/IP Model handle hRatI

<br>

TCP/IP Layer-by-Layer Deep Explanation

1 Application Layer (Top Layer)

User sir network a af direct interface

qg 0SI SA layers t cover

hft :
Application
Presentation
• Session

• Main Functions
User services provide heT
• Data format handle hI
Session management

• Important Protocols
• HTTP /HTTPS
• FTP
SMTP / POP3
DNS

Chrome, Gmail, WhatsApp

(User Tsi interact htdI )

Exam Points
TCP/IP cht top layer
User closest layer
OSI
ât 3 layers = TCP/IP 1
layer
<br>

Transport Layer

G End-to-End communication
Data it segments divide hT
Reliability decide he|I
Flow control, Error control

• Important Protocols
• TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Reliable
Connection-oriented
Slow but safe

• UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

• Unreliable

Connectionless
Fast but no guarantee

GCourier service
TCP = Registered parcel
UDP = Normal post

Exam Points

TCP vs UDP Aa ST GIAI

Reliability Transport Layer q heis
<br>

3 Internet Layer

G Logical addressing + Routing

• IP address assign hT

Best path choose helI

Packet forwarding

Important Protocols
IP (IPy4 / |Pv6)
ICMP
ARP

G Courier company KdI decide ht

Exam Points
IP address = Internet Layer
Router gi h4 heGI
<br>

4 Network Access Layer (Bottom Layer)

GActual transmission
Frames
MACaddress

Physical media

4 0SI f 5T layers at cover chtf :

Data Link
Physical

Technologies
Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Cable, Fiber

Exam Points
• TCP/IP at lowest layer
• Hardware oriented

Data Flow (Very Important)

Sender Side:
Application - Transport Internet Network Access

Receiver Side:
Network Access Internet - Transport - Application
Direct exam question
<br>

& TCP/IP vs OSI (Most Important Comparison)

Point TCP/IP OSI

Nature Practical Theoretical

Layers 4 7

Developed by DARPA ISO

Used in Internet Learning

Flexibility

Golden Line:

& TCP/IPatfy

G TCP/IP - One Line Revision

Application – User services
Transport TCP/UDP
Internet - IP+ Routing
Network Access MA+ Media
<br>

Q31. How many layers are there in the TCP/IP Reference Model?
(A) 3
(B) 4

(C) 5
(D) 7

Answer: (B) 4 V
Explanation:
TCP/IPReference Model ht 4 layers i:
Application, Transport, Internet tr Network AccessI
43 OSI model h RE theoretical sŽ, qIch practical modelš fsH R|nternet hH hHGI I

Q32. Which TCP/IP layer is responsible for end-to-end communication?

(A) Application
(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (B) Transport V

Explanation:
End-to-end communication h Hdiq sender t receiver dch data hI HSI VgTHTI
ug HIH Transport Layer Ghtit , VII TCP stR UDP protocols reliability tr speed aY Ghed I

Q33. Which protocol provides reliable data transfer in TCP/IP model?

(A) UDP

(B) IP
(C) TCP
(D) ICMP

Answer: (C) TCP V

Explanation:
TCP yh reliable 3iR Connection-oriented protocol
4F error control, flow control itr acknowledgement al gyutT hedl fuH data Ht tr yeT
<br>

034. Which TCP/IP layer is equivalent tothe OSI Network layer?

(A)Transport
(B) Internet
(C) Application

(D) Network Access

Answer: (B) Internet V

Explanation:
TCP/IP ât Internet Layer OSI modelT Network Layer qRISR
FetI
Routing, IP addressing it packet forwarding seft layer gTI

Q35. Which TCP/IP layer handles IP addressing and routing?

(A) Application

(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (C) Internet V

Explanation:
IPAddress 3tR routing hi hIH Internet Layer iŽI
a
Router sft layer ye operate htdl 3R data fy best path select hRdI ŽI

Q36. Which TCP/IP layer combinesOSI Physical and Data Link layers?
(A) Transport
(B) Internet
(C) Application
(D) Network Access

Answer: (D) Network Access V

Explanation:
TCP/IP ht Network Access Layer OSI â Physical + Data Link layers ht combine hdtàI
gT layer MAC address, framing 3ir actual transmission fAT slaIŽI
<br>

Q37. Which protocol is used for fast but unreliable communication?

(A) TCP
(B) IP
(C) UDP
(D) ARP

Answer: (C) UDP V

Explanation:
UDP yG connectionless 3ir unreliable protocol I
UF speed
t priority d, reliability at afi
Video streaming, online gaming UDP hT 34 Bat ŽI

038. Which TCP/IP layer provides services like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP?
(A) Transport
(B) Internet
(C) Application
(D) Network Access

Answer: (C) Application V

Explanation:
HTTP FTP, SMTP protocols Application Layer Tà ŽI

43 layer user t Te network services provide Ghecit i

Q39. Which protocol is used to report errors and network status?

(A) TCP
(B) UDP
(C) ICMP
(D) FTP

Answer: (C) ICMP v

Explanation:
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) network errors oiR status report ht a fey
Ping command ICMP R H4 hdŽI
<br>

Q40. Which TCP//P layer is responsible for packet delivery across networks?
(A) Application

(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (C) Internet V

Explanation:
Packet delivery ye network GR network dea GhraH a aH Internet Layer Ghtt I
get layer
. IP Address use BlÀ
• Routing sar
• Best path select
fh 9llll
Router ft Internet Layer yr a IH GRGI ŽI
gefel sq question packet delivery across networks"fa Internet Layer.

041. Which statement about the TCP/IP Reference Model is TRUE?

(A) It is a theoretical model
(B) It has seven layers

(C) It is used only for learning purposes

(D) It is the practical model used by the Internet

Answer: (D) It is the practical model used by the Internet V

Explanation:
TCP/IP Reference Model s
theoretical model ŽI
y practical modelsRactual Internet chl4 hRaIŽ

OSI learning + concept

TCP/IP - real world + implementation
Exam 4ž line ai important $:
G Internet TCP/IP model r TIOSI R TI

Q42. Which TCP/IP layer is equivalent to the OSI Transport Layer?

(A)Application
(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (B) Transport V

Explanation:
OSI Model otr TCP/IP Model ai Transport Layer common gii
$ layer hi GHIH -t models same :
End-to-end communication
Segmentation
• Flow control
• Error control

TCP 3Ìr UDP protocols zefi layer Tà šI

<br>

Q43. Which protocol is responsible for resolving IP address to MAC address?

(A) ICMP

(B) ARP
(C) RARP

(D) DNS

Answer: (B) ARP V

Explanation:
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) hT hIH IP Address ht MAC Address convert chHIŽI
Local network data tuj a fy MACaddress tot glaT SHÍCIY ARP Internet/Network
Access boundary 4R TE important I
Exam 3GRIR YST GIGI Ž: IP MAC? ARP.

Q44. Which TCP/IP protocol is used for error reporting and diagnostics?
(A) TCP
(B) UDP

(C) ICMP

(D) HTTP

Answer: (C) ICMP V

Explanation:
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) network error messages 3R status
information fli
Ping command ICMP T Ž use ChGI ŽI
3R question error reporting 4I diagnosticsferar ICMP.

[Link] layer of TCP/IP model is responsible for logical addressing?

(A) Application
(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (C) Internet V

Explanation:
Logical addressing h Hdelq IP AddressI
IP addressing 3fr routing Internet Layer cht responsibility $I
Router f gi layer GaH hedII
<br>

Q46. Which protocol is used to translate domain names into IP addresses?

(A) FTP
(B) SMTP
(C) DNS

(D) ARP

Answer: (C) DNS

Explanation:
DNS (Domain Name System) domain name(t [Link]) t IP address convert

User fey name easy žlat à, machine h fyIP – GHIH DNS RdIŽI
4F Application Layer protocol I

047. Which TCP/|P layer is responsible for actual data transmission over the
network medium?
(A) Application
(B) Transport
(C) Internet
(D) Network Access

Answer: (D) Network Access V

Explanation:
Ha cable, wireless, signals, frames,
Actual transmission MAC addressI
4F HA Network Access Layer 3111I
48 OSI Physical + Data Link layers Ì cover hGt I

Q48. Which protocol uses port numbers to identify applications?

(A) IP

(B) ARP
(c) TCP/UDP
(D) ICMP

Answer: (C) TCP/UDP V

Explanation:
Port numbers hT use Transport Layer protocols (TCP 3r UDP) hd šI
Port number 4I TTal fi data fai application (HTTP, FTP, etc.) fry I
SHÍGY port addressing =Transport Layer.
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Q49. Which TCP//P protocol is connection-oriented?

(A) UDP

(B) IP
(C) TCP
(D) ICMP

Answer: (C) TCP V

Explanation:
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) qi connection-oriented protocol I
Connection-oriented l HdeiSŽ h data yst sender 3ir receiver afT connection
establish fchyt GldI ŽI

TCP :
3-way handshake (connection establish)
Acknowledgement fTaI
• Error control g
3t flow control

get chRU TCP reliable sial@ UDP

 G-I AgT slow ga 1
Exam |g f connection-orientedfergi a- TCP.

Q50. Which statement is CORRECT about UDP?

(A) It is reliable and slow
(B) It isconnection-oriented
(C) It provides error recovery
(D) It is fast and connectionless

Answer: (D) It is fast and connectionless

Explanation:
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) yi connectionless
ir unreliable protocol I
Connectionless h Hds 3:
• Data
siG connection establish si hI
• No acknowledgement
No error recovery

Real-time applications :

• Video streaming
Online gaming
Voice calls

RUDP h use fehT GIGII

Exam fast + no guaranteefd - UDP.
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Exam Material
CONCEPT+MCQS+PYQS

WPSI (Wireless PSI) & Technical Operator HL2Äypí

Syllabus PDF Material Guq (Eàs 2iûs HUì PDE)

PDF aglud

1. Full Syllabus (Topic Wise PDF)LI

2. Conceptual Theory Explanation
3. Concept Clear With Examples
4. Basic To Advance Level
5. Topic Wise MCQs+PYQs (With Easy Solution)

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