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Descriptive Statistics

The document outlines key concepts in descriptive statistics, including the distinction between populations and samples, and various measures of central tendency, dispersion, and shape. It explains how to compute and interpret mean, median, mode, range, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, as well as the importance of correlation in understanding relationships between variables. Learning objectives emphasize the ability to calculate and interpret these statistical measures effectively.

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2 views18 pages

Descriptive Statistics

The document outlines key concepts in descriptive statistics, including the distinction between populations and samples, and various measures of central tendency, dispersion, and shape. It explains how to compute and interpret mean, median, mode, range, variance, skewness, and kurtosis, as well as the importance of correlation in understanding relationships between variables. Learning objectives emphasize the ability to calculate and interpret these statistical measures effectively.

Uploaded by

Latwifa
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Section I | Part I

Descriptive Statistics
Week 4
Learning Objectives
• Explain the difference between a population and a
sample.
• Compute different measures of location &
dispersion.
• Compute different measures of dispersion.
• Define and compute the coefficient of variation.
• Compute & Interpret the coefficients of skewness
and kurtosis.
• Calculate & interprete measures of covariance and
correlation

REFERENCE| 29.03.2019
Section I | Part I

Populations and Samples


Population (N): consists of all items of interest for
a particular area of study.
Sample (n) : is a subset of a population

Parameter: A descriptive value for a population


Statistic: A descriptive value for a sample
Section I | Part I
Numerical Data
Properties & Measures
Numerical Data
Properties

Central
Variation Shape
Tendency
Mean Range Skewness
Variance Kurtosis
Median
Mode Standard Deviation
Section I | Part I

Properties of a good central location


Easy to understand
Simple to Calculate.
Should be based on all items in the series
Rigidly Defined: Should be properly defined
with an algebraic formulae
Algebraic Treatment: It can be used for
further statistical computation to enhance
its usefulness
Should have sampling stability
Should not be affected by extreme values
Section I | Part I

Measures of central location


Mean
Mode
Median
Section I | Part I

Measures of dispersion
Range
Quartile deviation
Mean deviation
Standard deviation
Section I | Part I

Measures of Shape
• Skewness describes the lack of symmetry of data.
• Coefficient of skewness (CS) measures the degree of
asymmetry of observations around the mean.
• Computed using Excel function SKEW(data range).

• Kurtosis refers to the peakedness (i.e., high, narrow) or


flatness of a histogram.
• Coefficient of kurtosis (CK) measures the degree of
kurtosis of a population
• Computed using the Excel function KURT(data range).

TITLE LOREM IPSUM ILIUM | TOPIC ETYM ELIU IPSUM | 29.03.2019v 1


Section I | Part I

Measures of Association
Correlation is a measure of the linear relationship
between two variables, X and Y

TITLE LOREM IPSUM ILIUM | TOPIC ETYM ELIU IPSUM | 29.03.2019v 2


Section I | Part I
Section I | Part I
Section I | Part I

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Section I | Part I
Section I | Part I
Section I | Part I
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Section I | Part I
Section I | Part I

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