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SQL Statement

The document outlines five types of SQL statements: DDL for defining database structures, DML for manipulating data, DCL for managing user permissions, TCL for handling transactions, and DQL for retrieving data. Each type is accompanied by examples and common commands. The content serves as a basic guide for understanding SQL functionalities.

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Femi Folarin
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2 views7 pages

SQL Statement

The document outlines five types of SQL statements: DDL for defining database structures, DML for manipulating data, DCL for managing user permissions, TCL for handling transactions, and DQL for retrieving data. Each type is accompanied by examples and common commands. The content serves as a basic guide for understanding SQL functionalities.

Uploaded by

Femi Folarin
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

JOSEMARCEL FELICITY CHINAZA

5 TYPES OF
SQL
STATEMENTS

@TECHLADYNAZA
1. DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE)
– SCHEMA DEFINITION
DDL statements define and modify database
structures.
📌 Example:

CREATE TABLE Employees (


ID INT PRIMARY KEY,
Name VARCHAR(50),
Position VARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10,2)
);
Common DDL Commands:
CREATE – Defines new tables, databases, indexes, and
views.
ALTER – Modifies an existing table structure.
DROP – Deletes a table or database.
TRUNCATE – Removes all records from a table but
keeps its structure.
2. DML (DATA MANIPULATION
LANGUAGE) – DATA HANDLING
DML statements are used to interact with the data
stored in tables.
📌 Example:
INSERT INTO Employees (ID, Name, Position, Salary)
VALUES (1, 'Alice Johnson', 'Manager', 75000.00);

UPDATE Employees
SET Salary = 80000.00
WHERE ID = 1;

DELETE FROM Employees


WHERE ID = 1;
Common DML Commands:
SELECT – Retrieves data.
INSERT – Adds new records.
UPDATE – Modifies existing records.
DELETE – Removes records.
3. DCL (DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE) –
PERMISSION MANAGEMENT
DCL statements control user access
and privileges.
📌 Example:
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON Employees
TO user1;

REVOKE INSERT ON Employees FROM


user1;
Common DCL Commands:
GRANT – Assigns privileges to users.
REVOKE – Removes privileges.
4. TCL (TRANSACTION CONTROL
LANGUAGE) – TRANSACTION
MANAGEMENT
TCL statements handle database transactions to
maintain integrity.
📌 Example:
START TRANSACTION;

UPDATE Employees
SET Salary = 85000.00
WHERE ID = 1;

SAVEPOINT BeforeUpdate;

ROLLBACK TO BeforeUpdate; -- Undo changes

COMMIT; -- Save changes


Common TCL Commands:
COMMIT – Saves a transaction.
ROLLBACK – Reverts changes.
SAVEPOINT – Sets a rollback point.
5. DQL (DATA QUERY LANGUAGE) –
DATA RETRIEVAL
DQL mainly includes SELECT, used to
fetch records.
📌 Example:

SELECT Name, Position FROM Employees


WHERE Salary > 70000
ORDER BY Name ASC;

Common DQL Command:


SELECT – Retrieves data based on
conditions.
THANK
YOU!
Dont forget to like,
comment, and share

@TECHLADYNAZA

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