The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, and is responsible for maintaining fluid balance, removing waste, and regulating blood pressure and pH. The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on the posterior abdominal wall, with a complex structure that includes nephrons for filtration and waste elimination. The ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder, which serves as a reservoir, while the urethra facilitates urine expulsion from the body.