GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
Green H2 Production
REPORT
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102125072
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NIT TIRUCHIRAPALLI
INTRODUCTION AND SIGNIFICANCE
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
To get stared on this topic, we first need to know what green h2 (i.e hydrogen) production is and
the significance of it.
Green h2 production is the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water by using renewable
energy (i.e by natural means ) it is also called green hydrogen. (WIKIPEDIA )
What is the significance of hydrogen? Hydrogen is one of the most abundant chemical on earth,
and is known as the clean alternate of methane, it is also called as natural gas. It is used in our
everyday life as water (a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen ) , fuels for cars, industries and
surprisingly, humans, animals and plants are also made up of hydrogen (NATIONAL GRID)
Why is hydrogen important as a future clean energy source? A fuel is a chemical that can be
‘burnt’ to provide useful energy. Burning normally means that chemical bonds between the elements
in the fuel are broken and the elements chemically combine with oxygen (often from the air). For
many years, we’ve used natural gas to heat our homes and businesses, and for power stations to
generate electricity. In the UK, 85% of homes and 40% of the country’s electricity currently relies on
gas; in the US, 47% of households rely on natural gas and 36% on electricity. Methane is the main
constituent of 'natural gas' from oil and gas fields.
Why green hydrogen when we can produce it normally ?Since we have continued to use natural
gas because it’s a readily available resource, it’s cost effective and it’s a cleaner alternative to coal –
the dirtiest fossil fuel that we historically relied on for heating and to generate electricity. When
natural gas is burnt, it provides heat energy. But a waste product alongside water is carbon dioxide,
which when released into the atmosphere contributes to climate change. This causes a lot of trouble
in the environment as pollution and etc, in order to avoid this green hydrogen method is used Green
hydrogen's principal purpose is to help limit global warming, reduce fossil fuel dependence by
replacing grey hydrogen (by burning and etc or the grey refers to polluting ), and provide for an
expanded set of end-uses in specific economic sectors, sub-sectors and [Link] main applications
are likely to be in heavy industry (e.g. high temperature processes alongside electricity, feedstock for
production of green ammonia and organic chemicals, as direct reduction ,steelmaking), shipping, and
long-term energy storage.
General principle and electrolysis methods
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
The aim behind green hydrogen is to produce green electricity (carbon free electricity). The
principle behind green hydrogen production involves separation of hydrogen from water
There are many methods to produce this:
1. Electrolysis
2. Biomass-based method
3. Solar-driven process
Biomass-based method
This method involves converting organic matter such as agriculture residue and waste, into
hydrogen through processes like gasification or pyrolysis. This method of way is called pyro-
gasification.
Pyro-gasification consists of heating organic matter (wood biomass, end-of-life wood, crop residue,
etc.), plus various forms of carbon-containing waste (solid recovered fuel, old tyres, non-recyclable
plastic, dried sludge from wastewater treatment plants, etc.) to temperatures between 900°C and
1,200°C in the presence of a small quantity of oxygen. This process extracts a complex gas containing
hydrogen. Since this solution is still emerging, electrolysis currently remains the most common
technique
Net Carbon Emissions:
Because growing biomass removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, these processes can have low
net carbon emissions, especially when combined with carbon capture technologies
Solar-driven process
• Photobiological Production:
Uses the natural photosynthetic processes of microbes like green algae to produce hydrogen
from water and sunlight.
• Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Cells:
Specialized semiconductors use solar energy to directly split water into hydrogen and
oxygen.
• Solar Thermochemical Production:
Concentrated solar power generates high temperatures to drive chemical reactions that split
water, often using metal oxide.
Electrolysis
Alkaline Electrolyzers (AE): A mature and cost-effective technology used primarily for large-scale,
steady hydrogen production. They operate at 70–90°C using a potassium hydroxide electrolyte and
non-precious metal catalysts. While robust, they are less suited for intermittent renewable energy
sources
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
(Image source: wikipedia)
Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers
(PEM): Known for compact design and high
responsiveness, PEM systems operate at 50–
80°C and produce high- purity hydrogen. Their
ability to quickly adjust to fluctuating power makes them ideal for coupling with wind and solar,
though reliance on platinum and iridium raises capital costs. Current research targets alternative
catalysts and recycling strategies
(Image source: wikipedia)
Solid Oxide Electrolyzers (SOEC): Operating at 500–1000°C, SOECs convert electrical and thermal
energy into hydrogen with high efficiency. They are well-suited for integration with industrial heat
sources or for co-electrolysis of steam and CO2 to form syngas. Challenges include high material stress
and slow dynamic response
Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers (AEM): AEMs are emerging as promising systems that blend
AE affordability with PEM flexibility. Designed to use non-noble metals and solid electrolytes, they
offer lower-cost solutions with improved dynamic performance.
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
India’s standing
India does not have a ranking in the production of green hydrogen production but industries in
India have started adapting this method
While the Indian government has implemented a mission called “national green hydrogen
mission”
Where the government of India has set ambitious goals of installing 500 GW non-fossil electricity
capacity by 2030, becoming an energy independent nation by 2047 and attaining Net zero by 2070.
As India continues to work towards these goals, green hydrogen produced from renewable energy has
emerged as a promising solution. It is a versatile energy carrier that can replace fossil fuels in hard-to-
abate sector. As a step forward ministry of renewable energy, [Link] India has proposed budget
allocation of rs 19744 crore up to 2029-2030 for this mission
This mission aims to make India a global hub for using, producing and exporting green hydrogen
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
GREEN H2 PRODUCTION
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GREEN H2 PRODUCTION