CAPÍTULO

1
Vectores
1 Introducción

( )

( )

=
Z
Y
c v

b
v a b

a X Y
X
Notación: v = ( a, b ) = aiˆ + bjˆ Notación: v = ( a, b, c ) = aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ

1.1 Operaciones con Vectores

1.1.1 Suma y Diferencia:

• = ( ) = ( )
= + = ( + + + )
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-2- § Vectores

= − = ( − − − )
•

a b
Suma
b S = a+b

a −b
Diferencia
D = a−b a
[Link] Propiedades

• + = +
• + ( + )=( + )+
• ( )=( ) = ( )
• ( + ) = +

( )
1.1.2 Producto Escalar
→ → → →
 = =
→ →

→ →


b
→ →
= + + =  
a
[Link] Propiedades

Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

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§ Vectores -3-

→ → → →
• =
→ → → → → → →
•  + = +
 
 
• = =
• =
• = 

1.1.3 Producto Vectorial

→ → → →
 = =
→ → → →

→ →


ab
→ →
 = =  ˆ

a  b

→ →
ˆ

[Link] Propiedades

•  =− (  )
→ → → → → → →
•  +  =  + 
 
 
•  =  = 
•  =
•  = 
 → →
 
 
 

1.1.4 Triple Producto Escalar

→ → → → → →
 = = =

Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

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-4- § Vectores

Paralelepípedo

→ → → → → → 
 = =
  c
a

b
→ → →


→ → →
Tetraedro


c
a

[Link] Propiedades b
→ → → →

→ → → → → →  → → → 
•   = = 
     
→ → →
•   =
 
→ → → → → → → → → → → →
•      =  −  
         
         

1.1.5 Triple Producto Vectorial

→ → → → → →
 = = =
→ → →

[Link] Propiedades
→ → → →


Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

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§ Vectores -5-

→→ → → → → → → →
•    =  −  
     
     
→ → → → → → → → →
•    =  −  
     
     
 → →   → →  → →  → →   → →  → →  
•        =     −    
         
      
→ →  → →   → →  → →  
  
=     −    
    
    

1.2 Posiciones particulares de los Vectores

1.2.1 Vector Unitario
→ →

ˆ = a

û
1.2.2 Vectores Paralelos
→ →

→ → a
b

[Link] Propiedades
→ →

• =
• ˆ = ˆ
•  =
• = =

• =− =

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-6- § Vectores

1.2.3 Vectores Perpendiculares

→ →

→ →
⊥
b

[Link] Propiedades
→ →

• =
•  = =

•  =− =

1.2.4 Proyección y Componente ortogonal de Vectores

a
Proy ⊥b a

Proy b a
→ →

• = 

• = =

⊥
• = −

[Link] Propiedades
→ →


Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

 § Vectores -7-

• (  )= 

• (  )= 

• =
• =

• (  )= 

1.2.5 Relaciones de Derivación Vectorial

[Link] Propiedades
→ →


• ( )= ( )+ ( )
• (  )=  ( ) + ( )
•  (  ) = ( ) (  ) + 


( ) 
+


 

( )
• ( )= ( )
• ( )=

Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

 -8- § Vectores

2 Problemas Resueltos

1. = (− ) = ( − )

→ →
=
 =
− = 
 
(− )= ( − ) →  =− →  =−
 = 
  = −
 = =−

2. = ( − ) = ( − )

→ →
=

= ( − ) ( − )= − − = → =


 =

3.

+ = → = −

b c

a

= − → = − → = − + = − +

 = + − 

4.

c
b d

a 0 a
Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin
 § Vectores -9-

= + = − → = ( − ) ( + )= −

= ( )
= − = − =


5.

= − = − − =
S
= − = − − − =
= − = − − − = − −
a b
   c
=
 

R
= =  − −  + = P Q
− −

 =  
 

→ → →
6.
→ → → → → →
= = = + +

+ + = + + + + +

+ + = + + + + +

+ + = + + + + + =

 + + =

Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

-10- § Vectores

7.
+ −

( + ) ( − )=
= ( + ) ( − )
= − + −

= − =


→  → → →  → → →  → →
8.    +    +    =
     
     

→  → → →  → → →  → →
   =  −  
     
     

→ → → → → → → → →
  +   +    =
     
     
→ → → → → → → → → → → → → → → → → →
  −   +   −   +   −   =
           
           
=


→ →  → →   → →    → →
9.            =   
       
      

 → → →   → → →  → → → 
 = = 
     

Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin

 § Vectores -11-

→ →  → →  → →  → → → → → → →  → →  →
         =       −    
            
         

 
 → →   → → →  →  → → →  →   → → →   → →  → 
      −     =       
         
          
 
 → → →  → → →  → → →   → → →   → → → 
    =    =  
       
       


→ →  →  → →    →
 
10.          = ⊥
  
    

 → → →   → → →  → → → 
 = = 
     

 
    
→
→ →  → →    → →   → →  →  → →  →  
        =       −  
        
      
    
 
→ →  → →  → → → →
  = −
   −   
   
    
  

→   → →  →  →  → → → →
 
=− −   =−
   −  =
     
 


Canaza Trujillo Walter Edwin