* I.

INTRODUCTION

i. Development of Plans and Investments

The Local Government Code of 1991 mandates each local government unit to have a
comprehensive multi-sectoral plan called Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) to
be initiated by the Municipal Development Council which outlines its vision, goals, sectoral
strategies and priority programs and projects for sustainable and inclusive development.

The 2026-2032 Comprehensive Development Plan’s strategies are being translated into
specific programs, projects, and activities (PPAs) with corresponding costs, funding
sources and implementation schedules in the Local Development Investment Program
(LDIP) over a three-year period. LDIP in turn is the basis for formulation of the Annual
Investment Programs and Annual Budget.

i.a Priority Executive Legislative Agenda (PELA)

Priority Executive Legislative Agenda (PELA) is a joint agreement between the executive
and legislative branches on key priorities to ensure unified implementation and monitoring
of development plans, including addressing risks and implementing capacity
development.

It is a 3-year strategic roadmap jointly agreed upon by the local chief executive and
legislative council, outlining their priority programs and initiatives for implementation and
serves to synchronize and implement the CDP, ensuring that the executive and legislative
branches work together towards the same development objectives.

i.b. Institutionalization of Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) into CDP

CDRA is mainstreamed or integrated into the CDP to make the local development
climate and disaster-resilient, sustainable and complaint with the national policies in
Republic Act No. 9729 or the Climate Change Act of 2009, Republic Act No. 10121 or the
Philippine Disaster Reduction and Management Act, Integrating CDRA ensures that all
programs, projects, and activities (PPAs) in the CDP consider potential climates and
disasters risks.

The municipality recognizes the importance of supporting international commitments such

as the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Sendai Framework for Disaster Reduction
2015-2030 and Paris Climate Change Agreement. Observing these frameworks ensures
local government efforts contribute to global goals for sustainability, safety, and
environmental protection.

With the mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation into
the Comprehensive Development Plan, the plan is now referred to as Comprehensive
Development Plan + or CDP+.
i.c Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)

The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) is an important tool used by local

governments to understand the real situation of families and communities. Through
CBMS, data are collected directly from households to show how people are living —
including their income, employment, education, health, and access to basic services. This
gives the LGU a clear and updated picture of the needs and conditions in every barangay.
The system was institutionalized under Republic Act No. 11315, with the Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA) providing technical support to ensure the accuracy and
reliability of the information gathered.

In preparing the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP), the CBMS plays a vital role. It
provides the evidence and baseline information needed to identify the community’s most
pressing issues and concerns. For example, if the CBMS data show that many
households do not have access to clean water or that unemployment is high among the
youth, these become clear priorities for inclusion in the CDP. With the help of CBMS,
programs and projects can be planned based on actual data rather than assumptions,
making sure that resources are used wisely and directed where they are most needed.

Beyond planning, CBMS also helps the LGU monitor and evaluate the results of its
development efforts. By comparing new CBMS data over time, the LGU can see whether
living conditions have improved and whether its interventions are truly making a
difference. In this way, the use of CBMS in the CDP ensures that local development is
data-driven, inclusive, and genuinely responsive to the needs of the people.

II. PLANNING PROCESS

Planning Process

In order to put rationality to the present state of local planning to comply with the
applicable provisions of R.A. 7160, its IRR, as well as subsequent issuances,
Rationalized Planning System was used in the preparation of the Libagon 2026-2035
Comprehensive Development Plan.

Rationalized Planning System will reduce or harmonize the plans that LGUs are
mandated to prepare and to accommodate the requirements of an inclusive, multi-
stakeholder participation and consultation through the following process:

Organize and
Mobilize the
Planning Team

Revisit Existing
Plans & Review
LGU Vision
Prepare Ecological
STEPS Profile and
Structured
Prepare List of
the Local
PPAs
Development
Investment
Prepare Needed Program
Implementation
Instruments

ii.a Pre-CDP Planning Workshop

A series of pre-CDP Planning Workshops were conducted on March 5 , 2025 and on

September 19, 2025 attended by the Municipal Planning Team (E.O. No. 47, s. 2024 and
E.O. No. 25, s. 2025, respectively) composing of the Municipal Mayor as the Chairperson,
Municipal Vice Mayor as the Vice-Chairperson, and the members of the different
developmental sectors including the Environmental Management Sector and Disaster
Risk Reduction & Management Sector. Discussed during the pre- CDP workshop were
the following:

o Intro to Rationalized Planning System (RPS)

o Populating/preparation/dissemination of data-base utilizing the following data
sources, manuals, and guides to ensure horizontal and vertical alignment :

1) 2022- 1st Sem 2025 Rationalized Planning Indicator & Data Sheets
(RaPIDS)
2) 2024 & 2022 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS)
3) 2024 Local Governance Performance Monitoring System (LGPMS)
4) 2024 Electronic Statement of Receipts & Expenditure (eSRE)
5) 2024 Public Financial Management Assessment Report (PFMAR)
6) 2023-2025 Public Financial Management Assessment Tool Improvement
Plan (PFMAT-IP)
7) 2019-2029 Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation-
Enhanced Provincial Physical Framework Plan (DRR and CCA-Enhanced
PDPFP)
8) 2018-2027 Comprehensive Land Use Plan
9) Base Maps and Hazard Maps
10) Barangay Development Plan- 14 Barangays
11) Climate Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) – AR4&5 and AR6
12) Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) Results
13) 2023-2028 Philippine Development Plan (PDP)
14) 2023-2028 Regional Development Plan (RDP)
15) 2015-2030 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
16) 2023-2028 National Security Policy
17) 2022-2024 Devolution Transition Plan
18) 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement

o Revisit Existing Plans and Review of LGU Vision

o Preparation of the Ecological Profile

Pre-CDP Workshop
March 5, 2025
Conference Hall, Executive Bldg.,
Libagon, Southern Leyte

Pre-CDP Workshop
September 19, 2025
Conference Hall, Executive
Building
Libagon, Southern Leyte
 ii.b Sectoral Meeting Consultation

The Municipal Development Council (MDC) passed MDC Resolution No. 11, s. of 2024
adopting and approving MDC, MDC Execom, MDC Sectoral and Functional Committee
Meetings Schedule. Sectoral and committee meetings are essential mechanisms for
participatory governance to ensure that local decisions are inclusive, data-driven and
aligned with broader development goals.

ii.c CDP Planning Workshop

On September 24-26, 2025, the

municipality kickstarted the 2026-2027
Comprehensive Development Plan +
(CDP+), Priority Executive Legislative Agenda (PELA) and Capacity Development
(CapDev) Program formulation workshop attended by the Municipal Planning Team (EO
No. 25, s. 2025) held at Leyte
Compact Farming Agriculture
Cooperative (Villaconzoilo Farm),
Jaro Leyte.

To ensure that the local

planning and decision-making are
inclusive, evidence-based and
responsive to the unique needs of
each sector in the community, the
Municipal Planning Team
consists of all the members of the Municipal Development Council (MDC), Sangguniang
Bayan Members, concerned National Agencies (NGAs), Non-Government Organizations
(NGOs), Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and other interest/vulnerable groups.
Chapter 1: HISTORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY

A few hundred-meter walk from its present town proper, Libagon can show off something from
her past: an ancient watchtower which was used as a guard house. When sails of incoming
moro vinta were sighted, an agong was sounded and the words, “lleva kay mitingog na ang
agong,” urged the people to take the hills. This is the origin of the town’s name LIBAGON – from
the combination of the words lleva and agong.
In 1884, Domingo Espina (the great grandfather of the former mayor) brought the seat of
government to Libagon when he was made Captain of the Municipality of Sogod. Thus,
Libagon came under the designation of Sogod. In 1904, Ladislao Decenteceo, a resident
of Consolacion, having been elected

Municipal President took the reins of government to Consolacion naming it Sogod del
Norte. Libagon became Sogod del Sur in order to be distinguished from the prior.

In October 16, 1913, Libagon became a municipio independent of Sogod del Norte
through the effort of Mariano Espina, its first Municipal President.

MUNICIPAL SEAL

HISTORICAL AND SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE OFFICIAL SEAL OF THE

MUNICIPALITY OF LIBAGON, SOUTHERN LEYTE PURSUANT TO ORDINANCE
NO.11, SERIES OF 1990

1. The Rope that encircles the logo symbolizes the historical background of
the first settlers of Libagon who cultivated the area and discovered the
land very suitable for abaca plantation that later on encouraged hundreds
of additional settlers to settle in the locality which now became the
Municipality of Libagon;

2. The Fourteen (14) stars that encircled the sun symbolize the present 14
barangays of the municipality;
 3. The Eight (8) Rays of the sun symbolize the eight provinces of the country
who first revolted against the Spanish domination in the Philippines for
which later on resulted to the granting of complete independence to the
Filipino nation;

4. The Coconut Trees, Rice Plantation and Fish at the front side of the sun
symbolizes the present important agricultural products of the municipality
that support the livelihood of 80% of its inhabitants;

5. The numerical numbers of 1913 symbolize the year in which the

Municipality of Libagon was officially created.

Chapter 2 GEO-PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION

§ Libagon is one of the 18 municipalities of the Province of

Southern Leyte. It was declared a municipality on October
16, 1913. It is a 90-year-old municipality.

§ It is 93 kilometers away from Maasin City (the capital town of the

Province of Southern Leyte) and 250 kms. from Tacloban
City (the capital city of Region 8).

2.2 POLITICAL BOUNDARIES

Its boundaries are:

North - Municipality of Sogod

South - Municipality of Liloan

East - Municipality of Saint

Bernard

Figure No. 1 Political Boundary MAP

 West - Sogod Bay It has a total land area of 9,860.78 hectares

It has 14 barangays and all are coastal barangays.

Barangay Jubas is the municipal capital and the seat of the municipal
government.

2.3 TOPOGRAPHY

Topographic Relief & Elevation

Relatively coastal areas and mountainous interior regions characterize the topography
of the Municipality of Libagon. It has a total land area of 10,657.00 hectares where
11.31% or an area of 1,205.55 hectares are devoted to agriculture in which 787.94
hectares are planted with coconuts as the major crop and the remaining portion of land
is planted with rice, root crops, vegetables, fruits, banana, and other crops. Since all 14
barangays are classified as coastal communities, fishing is also one of the income-
generating economic activities among the people of Libagon. The richness of marine
biodiversity in Sogod Bay provides a bountiful catch through inter-LGUs’ collective
efforts on coastal fisheries resource management. Thus, farming and fishing are the
“bread and butter” in terms of a sustainable source of living. Libagon has three (3)
mountain ranges, viz: Mt. Bitanhuan, Mt. Gakat, and Mt. Cabac. Mt. Bitanhuan is the
highest mountain in Southern Leyte with an elevation of 977 meters above sea level.

The municipality has a descending pattern of elevation as exhibited in the Topographic

Map and Elevation Map (see succeeding figure).

Tarine biodiversity in Sogod Bay provides a bountiful catch through inter-LGUs’

collective efforts on coastal fisheries resource management. Thus, farming and fishing
are the “bread and butter” in terms of a sustainable source of living. Libagon has three
(3) mountain ranges, viz: Mt. Bitanhuan, Mt. Gakat, and Mt. Cabac. Mt. Bitanhuan is
the highest mountain in Southern Leyte with an elevation of 977 meters above sea
level.

The municipality has a descending pattern of elevation as exhibited in the Topographic

Map and Elevation Map (see succeeding figure).

Figure 2. TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF OF LIBAGON

Figure 2. TOPOGRAPHIC RELIEF OF LIBAGON
The following are adopted as slope groupings in the study area:

0-3% -Area of level to gently nearly level land. Depending on soil and climate
conditions, land with these slope groups is highly suitable for both mechanized
and urban development.
3-8% -Gently sloping areas to undulating with land sloping in one general direction.
This is fairly tolerant to development, but excessive removal of ground cover
may cause erosion and land slippage.
8-18% -Undulating to rolling land sloping in more than one direction. The 18% slope is
the maximum for economical land development and mechanization.
18-30%-Rolling land to moderately steep sloping in many directions. As provided for in
P.D. 705, areas with 18% slope are classified into forest reserves, thus, should
be permanently covered with vegetation.
> 30% -Steep to very steeply sloping land in many directions to many mountainous and
hilly areas.

Table 1: SLOPE CATEGORY OF THE MUNICIPALITY, 2017

Land Areas (in % to Total
Slope Category Suitability
hectares) Land Area
0-3% 620.86 5.83% Highly suitable for urban use
3-8% 1,962.46 18.41% Fairly suitable for urban use
8-18% 483.60 4.54% Least suitable for urban use
18-30% 2,263.47 21.24% Forest Use
> 30% 5,326.61 49.98% Forest Use
Total 10,657.00 100.00%
Source: NAMRIA, CLUP

Table 2 categorizes the municipality’s lands according to slope groupings. The majority
of the municipality’s land area either has very steep sloping (49.98%) or moderately
steep sloping (21.24%), which is not suitable for urban development. Less than half of
the total land area is only suitable for economical land development and mechanization
owing to the municipality’s topographic features.

Surface Drainage

In Libagon, several rivers, streams, and creeks are traversing the Maharlika Highway
from the mountainous part of the municipality to the Sogod Bay area, particularly the
Libagon Water Bay. In the north is the Penamasilan River serving as the boundary
between the municipality of Libagon and Sogod.

Rivers and creeks are not only traversing the Maharlika Highway but also throughout all
the barangays of the municipality.

2.4 GEOLOGY

Rock Formations

Table 2: ROCK CLASSIFICATION IN LIBAGON BY AREA

Classification Area (in hectares) % Total
Recent 234.52 2.3
Pliocene-Pleistocene 3,465.41 32.52
Cretaceous-Paleogene 38.96 0.36
Upper Miocene-Pliocene 6,918.11 64.92
(Sedimentary Rocks)
Total 10,657.00 100.00
Source: DENR-MGB Region VIII

Table 3: ROCK DESCRIPTION BY BARANGAY

Rock Classification Barangay
Recent Gakat, Nahaong, Nahulid, Pangi
Pliocene-Pleistocene Pangi, Otikon, Tigbao, Bogasong,
Talisay, Jubas, Biasong, Kawayan,
Mayuga, Magkasag, Punta
Cretaceous-Paleogene Forest Areas in Mt. Nacolod
Upper Miocene-Pliocene Gakat, Nahaong, Nahulid, Pangi,
(Sedimentary Rocks) Otikon, Tigbao, Bogasong, Talisay,
Jubas, Biasong, Kawayan, Mayuga,
Magkasag, Punta
Source: DENR-MGB Region VIII

Tables 2 and 3 detail the types of rocks present per area of land and barangay of the
municipality, respectively. The municipality has rocks predominantly coming from the
Upper Miocene-Pliocene era with an area of 6,918.11 hectares or 64.92% of the total
land area of 10,657 hectares. All of the 14 barangays have rocks belonging to this type.

2.5 SOILS

Type/Classification
1. Faraon Clay Type – is characterized as a clay steep phase in areas occupied by
primary and secondary forests, cogon, and shrubs. In kaingin areas, rice and corn
have been observed to be their principal crops.

2. Bantog Clay Loam – is excellent for the cultivation of rice, corn, sugarcane, mongo,
and vegetables.

3. Himayangan Clay Loam – is excellent for all types of agronomic crops found
generally in virgin and secondary forests as well as in cogonal areas. Coconut,
upland rice, corn, cassava, and camote have been observed to thrive well in this soil
type.

4. Umingan Clay Loam – indicated by the growth of cogon, talahib, kamachili, binoyo,
and alibangbang. This supports the growth of rice, corn root crops, vegetables, and
some fruit trees.

Table 4: TYPE OF SOIL IN LIBAGON

Soil Type Area Occupied (in % to Total Land Area
hectares)
1. Faraon Clay Type 66.4 0.62%
2. Bantog Clay Loam 64.0 0.60%
3. Himayangan Clay Loam 346.4 3.25%
4. Umingan Clay Loam 584.0 5.48%
5. Others (unidentified type) 9,596.20 90.05%
TOTAL 10,657.00 100%
Source: DA - Bureau of Soils and Water Management

The majority of the municipality’s land (90.05%) has been unidentified as to what type
of soil; hence, it may not be clear as to what type of vegetation corresponds well to
such unidentified soil. Roughly 10.76%, or 1060.8 hectares of land, has identified soil
types as to which corresponding types of vegetation may be cultivated for agricultural
and economic purposes.

2.6 LAND RESOURCES

● Land Classification

Table 5: LAND CLASSIFICATION OF LIBAGON

Land Classification Area Occupied (in % to Total Land
hectares) Area
1. Alienable and Disposable 4,744.00 44.50%
(A&D) Land

2. Timberland 5,913.00 55.50%

TOTAL 10,657.00 100%
Source: DENR – CENRO
Of the total land area of 10,657.00 ha, 5,913.0 or 55.50% is classified as Timberland
while the remaining 44.50% is under the Alienable and Disposable Land category.
Around 11% or 1,205 ha are dedicated to agriculture of which, 787.94 ha are planted
with coconuts while the rest of the area is planted with rice, root crops, vegetables, and
bananas.

Table 6: LAND CLASSIFICATION, BY AREA AND LOCATION

Land Classification Location Area (In Has.)
Agricultural Lands Libagon 2613.69
Forest Lands Libagon 5,913
Mineral Lands - -
National Parks - -
Total
Source: CLUP 2018-2027

Libagon had 2,613.69 hectares of agricultural land and 5,913 hectares of forest land.
No areas were designated as mineral lands or national parks, highlighting a focus on
agriculture and forested areas in the municipality.

Table 7: CATEGORIES OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS, YEAR 2025

Agricultural Area (ha)
Land Area
Barangay Rice Banana Root Vegetables Coconut
(ha.)
Crops
Biasong 187.94 - 3 5 1 82.17
Bogasong 512.95 52 7 2 2 214.30
Cawayan 453.90 - 10 5 2 211.15
Gakat 433.52 10 5 2 2 155.05
Jubas 261.69 - 4 2 1 125.80
Magkasag 659.39 2 4 5 1.5 311.40
Mayuga 692.55 2 10 10 2 279.90
Nahaong 505.19 40 15 20 6 342.40
Nahulid 436.45 40 10 7 3 264.30
Otikon 318.14 66 15 12 3 145.70
Pangi 352.30 6 2 2 1 153.90
Punta 216.51 - 1 1 0.50 129.35
Talisay 151.56 - 7 3 2 74.30
Tigbao 344.72 56 15 10 4 148.90
Municipality of 5,130.18 - - - - -
Libagon
TOTAL 10,657.00 274 108 86 31 2,638.62
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office 2025

The agricultural lands in various barangays of Libagon primarily focused on coconut

farming (2,638.62 ha), followed by rice (274 ha), root crops (86 ha), banana (108 ha),
and vegetables (31 ha). Tigbao, Bogasong, and Cawayan had the largest areas for
coconut, while Otikon and Tigbao led in root crops and rice cultivation, respectively.
Overall, coconut farming dominates the agricultural landscape across the barangays.
 Table 8: AREA AND LOCATION OF FORESTLANDS BY SUB-CATEGORY AND
PRIMARY USE
Category Location Area (In Has.) % vs. Total
1. Production Forests Libagon 1053.07 9.88
a. Timber production - - -
(Natural)
b. Timber production - - -
(plantations)
c. Agro-forests - - -
d. Pasture/gazing lands Libagon 872.96 8.19
e. Mineral areas
f. Watershed Areas/Sub- Libagon 7,400.38
Watershed
g. Community-based Forest - -
Management Areas
h. Other uses (e.g., tourism, - -
fish farms/ponds, etc.
Sub-total 9,326.41 18.07
2. Protection Forests Libagon 5,130.19 48.14

a. NIPAS Areas
b. Non-NIPAS Areas
Sub-total 5,130.41 48.14
GRAND TOTAL 14,456.82 66.21
Source: CLUP 2017-2027

● Existing General Land Use

Table 9: LAND USE CATEGORIES

LAND USE CATEGORY AREA (in hectares) % Share to Total Area
Built-Up Area 98.13 0.92
Agriculture 2613.69 24.53
Forest 6183.26 58.02
Mineral - -
National Parks - -
Total 8895.08 83.47
Source: CLUP 2017-2027

The table above shows a breakdown of land use categories with their respective areas
and percentage shares of the total area. The largest portion of land is categorized as
forest, covering 6,183.26 hectares, which constitutes 58.02% of the total land area.
Agriculture follows with 2,613.69 hectares, making up 24.53%. Built-up areas represent
a much smaller portion, occupying 98.13 hectares or 0.92%. No data is provided for
mineral or national parks, leaving 16.53% of the total area unaccounted for in the given
categories.

● Urban Land Use

 Table 10: INVENTORY OF COMMERCIAL AREAS
Type of Market
Area (in sq.
Commercia Location Catere Hazard Susceptibility
m.)
l Areas d
at a moderate risk to flooding,
1. CBD Bogasong 8,301 Local landslides, tsunami, liquefaction,
ground shaking
at a moderate risk to flooding,
2. CBD Talisay 413 Local landslides, tsunami, liquefaction,
ground shaking
at a moderate risk to flooding,
3. Public
Jubas 1,895 Local landslides, tsunami, liquefaction,
Market
ground shaking
Source: Municipal Treasury Office (MTO)

The table presents three commercial areas, all catering to local markets, with varying
sizes and locations. The Central Business District (CBD) in Bogasong, with an area of
8,301 sq. m., is the largest, followed by the CBD in Talisay (413 sq. m.), and the public
market in Jubas (1,895 sq. m.). Despite their differences in size, all these areas face
similar moderate risks from multiple hazards, including flooding, landslides, tsunamis,
liquefaction, and ground shaking, which could impact their overall safety and resilience.

Table 11: DATA ON INDUSTRIAL AREAS, YEAR 2025

Name of Employment
Type Of
Barangay Industrial Capitalization (No. of
Business
Establishment workers)
Nahaong Miloy’s Auto Sole 0 2
Parts and Shop Proprietorship
Nahulid 3J Vulcanizing Sole 0 2
Shop Proprietorship
Bogasong Rhea Noemi Sole 0 16
Products Proprietorship
Nahulid FRS Motor Parts Sole 50,000 3
Shop Proprietorship
Biasong FRS Motor Parts Sole 90,000 3
Shop Proprietorship
Tigbao Liam’s Bakeshop Sole 0 1
Proprietorship
Pangi SMP Baked Sole 0 4
Products Proprietorship
Talisay ERT-Dayka Corporation 0 6
Food Ventures
Inc.
Tigbao BenFranz Rice Sole 0 3
Mill Proprietorship
Talisay Michelle’s Cakes Sole 0 1
 Name of Employment
Type Of
Barangay Industrial Capitalization (No. of
Business
Establishment workers)
and Pastries Proprietorship
Bogasong 3’s Maria’s Sole 0 3
Bakeshop Proprietorship
Tigbao Evenn Sole 0 2
Hollowblocks Proprietorship
Gakat Patring Sole 0 1
Motorcycle Proprietorship
Repairshop
Cawayan SY Enterprises Sole 0 2
Proprietorship
Nahulid Anna’s Sole 0 3
Bakeshop Proprietorship
Talisay Shizou Auto Sole 10,000 2
Shop Proprietorship
Source: Municipal Treasurer’s Office, 2025, 1st Sem.

Across the municipality, a growing number of small-scale businesses are taking root in
various barangays—proof of the community’s strong entrepreneurial spirit, even in the
face of limited resources and minimal capitalization.

In Barangay Nahaong, Miloy’s Auto Parts and Shop keeps things running with just two
workers, quietly supporting the local automotive needs. Over in Nahulid, small
enterprises like 3J Vulcanizing Shop and Anna’s Bakeshop also operate with lean
teams of two and three workers, respectively—serving daily needs with reliability and
care. This barangay also hosts FRS Motor Parts Shop, a more capitalized venture with
₱50,000 in investment and three workers, showing a slightly more structured approach
to business.

Meanwhile, Bogasong stands out as home to Rhea Noemi Products, which currently
employs 16 people—the highest among all listed businesses—even without declared
capital. This shows the potential of people-powered growth. The barangay also features
3’s Maria’s Bakeshop, which supports three local workers.

In Biasong, another branch of FRS Motor Parts Shop operates with a higher
capitalization of ₱90,000 and three employees, suggesting that the business may be
expanding and reaching new markets.

Over in Tigbao, a handful of businesses contribute to the local economy. Liam’s

Bakeshop, BenFranz Rice Mill, and Evenn Hollowblocks may be small, each with 1 to 3
workers, but they serve vital roles in food supply and construction—two industries that
keep communities going.

In Barangay Pangi, SMP Baked Products provides employment to four individuals,

offering baked goods likely enjoyed by many in the neighborhood.
Talisay presents a more varied picture. It’s the only barangay on the list to host a
corporation: ERT-Dayka Food Ventures Inc., employing six people. Alongside it are
smaller businesses like Michelle’s Cakes and Pastries and Shizou Auto Shop,
employing one and two workers respectively. Shizou Auto Shop also reports a
capitalization of ₱10,000, giving it a modest but solid foundation.

Other barangays, such as Gakat and Cawayan, also do their part with single, small
enterprises like Patring Motorcycle Repairshop and SY Enterprises, each with one to
two workers—quietly contributing to the day-to-day needs of their communities.

Overall, these businesses may be micro in scale, but they form the backbone of local
industry. The majority are sole proprietorships, often operating with little or no formal
capital—but what they lack in funding, they make up for in commitment and community
value. Whether in food, repair, construction, or trade, these enterprises highlight the
resilience and resourcefulness of the people behind them.
Chapter 3: POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE

3.1 SOCIAL COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS

Table 12: Total Population, By Sex: Philippines, Region, Province, City/Municipality

Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

The population of the municipality has shown a gradual increase over the years. In 2015,
the total population was 15,169. By 2020, it slightly rose to 15,244. However, a noticeable
shift occurred by 2022, with a recorded population of 14,517—comprising 7,396 males
and 7,121 females. By 2024, the population increased again to 16,147, with 8,246 males
and 7,901 females, reflecting a positive growth trend. Overall, the data indicates a steady
population growth at the municipal level, with most barangays showing moderate to
strong increases over the years. Barangays like Nahaong, Tigbao, and Mayuga
consistently remain among the most populated, while Punta continues to have the
smallest population. The trend suggests a need to sustain services and infrastructure in
growing communities, while also ensuring support for smaller barangays.

Table 13: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 15 YEARS OLD AND OVER BY

EMPLOYMENT STATUS, YEAR 2024
Labor Employment Unemploy- Underemploy- Visible
Year Force Rate ment Rate ment Rate Underemploy-
Participatio (In %) (In %) (In %) ment Rate
n Rate
2024 51.5 48.29 51.71 25.43 -

Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

In 2024, the labor market data for the municipality presents a mixed picture of economic
engagement and employment quality. The Labor Force Participation Rate stood at
51.5%, meaning just over half of the working-age population was either employed or
actively seeking work. However, while participation was moderate, the Employment
Rate was relatively low at 48.29%, indicating that more than half of those in the labor
force were unable to secure employment. This is reflected in the Unemployment Rate,
which was quite high at 51.71%. In other words, more than half of the labor force
remained jobless, suggesting a significant challenge in job creation or access to
employment opportunities. Among those who were employed, underemployment was
also a key concern. The Underemployment Rate reached 25.43%, pointing to a
substantial portion of workers who were employed but still seeking additional work—
either due to insufficient working hours or low income. The data for Visible
Underemployment Rate, which usually captures those visibly working part-time or
below capacity, was not available. Overall, the figures show that while about half of the
working-age population is participating in the labor force, a large portion is either
unemployed or underemployed. This underscores the urgent need for job generation,
skills development, and access to more stable and better-quality employment
opportunities in the area.

Table 14: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION BY SEX, BY ETHNICITY, YR. 2024

Cumulative Cumulative
Ethnicity Frequency Percent
Total Percent
Abelling/Aberling 1 0.01 1 0.01
Aeta/Ayta-Abelling/ 1 0.01 2 0.01
Abellen
America 5 0.03 7 0.04
Bikol/Bicol 10 0.06 17 0.11
Bisaya/Binisaya 15,940 98.72 15,957 98.82
Blaan 1 0.01 15,958 98.83
Boholano 30 0.19 15,988 99.02
Cebuano 27 0.17 16,015 99.18
Cuyonen/Cuyunon 1 0.01 16,016 99.19
Davaweño 1 0.01 16,017 99.19
Ibanag 5 0.03 16,022 99.23
Ilocano 3 0.02 16,025 99.24
Ilonggo 10 0.06 16,035 99.31
Kamiguin 1 0.01 16,036 99.31
Kapampangan 2 0.01 16,038 99.32
Mamanwa 7 0.04 16,045 99.37
Masbateño/Masbatenon 4 0.02 16,049 99.39
Surigaonon 4 0.02 16,053 99.42
Talagog 46 0.28 16,099 99.70
Taiwanese 1 0.01 16,100 99.71
Tausog 2 0.01 16,102 99.72
Waray 45 0.28 16,147 100.00
Total 16,147 100.00
Source: CBMS,2024 PSA

The ethnicity data from 2024 presents a picture of a community that is largely
homogeneous, with a strong majority belonging to a single ethnic group.

Out of a total population of 16,147, an overwhelming 98.72%—or 15,940 individuals—

identified as Bisaya/Binisaya. This clearly indicates that the cultural and linguistic
identity of the area is predominantly shaped by Bisaya traditions and heritage.
The remaining population is composed of smaller ethnic groups, each contributing to
the overall diversity, though in very small proportions. The Talagog and Waray
communities are the next most represented, with 46 and 45 individuals respectively,
each making up 0.28% of the total.

Other ethnic groups present making up 0.19% to 0.03% include : Boholano, Cebuano,
Ilonggo, Bikol/Bicol, Mamanwa, America and Ibanag.

Fewer than 0.03% are Ilocano, Masbateño, and Surigaonon.

Several ethnicities had only one person recorded in the entire population, such as
Abelling, Aeta, Blaan, Cuyonen, Kamiguin, Davaweño, and Taiwanese.

The cumulative percentage steadily builds until reaching 100%, with every individual
and ethnic background accounted for. While the diversity is minimal in numbers, the
presence of various groups—no matter how small—adds to the rich cultural landscape
of the municipality. Still, the dominance of the Bisaya/Binisaya group is a defining
characteristic of the community’s ethnic makeup.
 3.2 POPULATION SIZE AND GROWTH RATE

Table 15: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION 10 YEARS OLD & OVER, BY AGE GROUP, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS 2024

MARITAL STATUS
Single Married Widowed Separated/ Others Unknown
Divorced
Age Group M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T
A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O
L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T
E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A
L L L L L L L L L L L L
E E E E E E
10 – 14 7 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 4
7 4 7
1
15 – 19 8 7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 2 5
9 4 7
3
20 – 24 7 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 5
6 5 8
1
25 – 29 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 7 4
2 6 1
8
30 – 34 6 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 1
6 1 7
0
 MARITAL STATUS
Single Married Widowed Separated/ Others Unknown
Divorced
Age Group M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T
A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O
L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T
E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A
L L L L L L L L L L L L
E E E E E E
35 – 39 5 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0
9 1 3
0

40 – 44 5 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 4 6
6 4 0
45 – 49 4 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 4 8
7 2 9
50 – 54 4 4 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1
8 8 6
55 – 59 4 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 8 9
2 4 6
60 – 64 3 3 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 5 9
3 0 3
65 – 69 2 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 9
7 4 1
70 – 74 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 5
8 9 7
 MARITAL STATUS
Single Married Widowed Separated/ Others Unknown
Divorced
Age Group M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T
A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O A E O
L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T L M T
E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A E A A
L L L L L L L L L L L L
E E E E E E
75 – 79 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 4 4
3 6 9
80 – 84 5 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 5 4
0
85 – 89 1 5 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 0
90 – 94 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 6 8
95 – 99 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total 7 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
, , 3
0 8 ,
3 0 8
5 2 3
7
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

In the 2024 CBMS data of Libagon, the marital status of the household population aged 10 and above reveals a rather unusual trend.

As expected, in the youngest age groups—those aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 19—almost everyone is reported as single. That’s completely
normal, considering most people in these age ranges are still in school and not yet at the stage of marriage. What’s surprising, however, is
that this pattern continues unchanged even into the 20 to 34 age group. All individuals in this bracket are still recorded as single. This could
suggest a cultural shift toward later marriages—or it might point to incomplete or missing data. The trend becomes even more striking in
the older age groups. From 35 to 49, and even 50 years and above, there are still no recorded individuals who are married, widowed, or
separated. In fact, across all age groups and both sexes, every single person—a total of 13,837 individuals (with 7,035 males and 6,802
females)—is listed as single. This kind of uniformity is unusual. Typically, a gradual increase is seen in the number of married individuals
starting in early adulthood, and by the time people reach their 50s or 60s, some would naturally fall into other categories like widowed or
separated. As it stands, the data doesn’t reflect these expected life transitions. This may indicate a gap in data collection or reporting, and
could be an important area for review in future surveys to ensure a more accurate picture of the community’s demographics.
Table 16: TOTAL POPULATION, HOUSEHOLDS AND AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE, BY
BARANGAY, YEAR 2015, 2022 AND 2024

Population Number of Household Average Household Size

Barangay
2015 2022 202 2015 202 2024 2015 2022 202
4 2 4
URBAN
Jubas 706 563 666 158 150 160 4.40 3.75 4.16
(Pob.)
Talisay 1,16 1,159 1,24 264 295 302 4.40 3.92 4.13
(Pob.) 9 7
Sub-Total 1,87 1,722 1,91 422 445 462 8.8 7.67 8.29
5 3
RURAL
Biasong 613 532 572 151 149 153 4.00 3.57 3.74
Bogasong 920 1,052 1,11 229 296 302 4.00 3.55 3.68
0
Cawayan 925 715 1,04 190 178 206 4.90 4.02 5.07
4
Gakat 1,29 1,176 1,24 280 322 323 4.60 3.65 3.85
2 4
Magkasag 881 876 949 193 221 209 4.50 3.96 4.54
Mayuga 1,17 1,175 1,31 277 310 316 4.20 3.79 4.15
4 0
Nahaong 1,83 1,912 2,18 412 470 518 4.50 4.07 4.21
6 2
Nahulid 1,72 1,586 1,75 367 378 386 4.70 4.20 4.54
0 4
Otikon 1,09 1,213 1,30 219 299 325 5.00 4.06 4.00
5 1
Pangi 639 599 639 136 166 172 4.70 3.61 3.72
Punta 262 191 287 62 54 67 4.20 3.54 4.28
Tigbao 1,93 1,768 1,84 240 442 432 8.00 4.00 4.26
7 2
Sub-Total 13,2 12,79 2,75 3,28 3,409
94 1 14,2 6 5
34
TOTAL 15,1 14,51 16,1 3,17 3,7 3,871 4.17
69 3 47 8 30
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

Table 16 gives us a clearer picture of how the population and household dynamics have
changed across the municipality of Libagon over the years—specifically for 2015, 2022, and
2024. It covers both urban and rural barangays, showing trends in population size, number
of households, and average household size. In the urban barangays of Jubas and
Talisay, the population saw a small dip—from 1,875 in 2015 down to 1,722 in 2022. But by
2024, it climbed back up to 1,913, nearly matching its earlier level. Interestingly, even as the
population fluctuated, the number of households continued to grow steadily—from 422
households in 2015 to 462 by 2024. This increase in households, despite a fluctuating
population, led to changes in average household size. In 2015, the average household had
about 4.40 members. That shrank to 3.75 in 2022, suggesting smaller family units or more
people living on their own. By 2024, however, there was a slight uptick to 4.17 members per
household, hinting at a possible return to slightly larger households. In the rural barangays,
a similar pattern emerges. The total population went down from 13,294 in 2015 to 12,791 in
2022, but then rebounded to 14,234 in 2024. Alongside this, the number of households
increased significantly—from 2,756 to 3,409 over the same period. Most rural areas saw
their average household size shrink between 2015 and 2022, likely due to changing family
structures or more people choosing to live independently. However, by 2024, many
barangays began to see household sizes increase again. For example, Barangay Cawayan
in 2015, the average household size was 4.90. It dropped to 4.02 in 2022, But then rose
again to 5.07 in 2024, In Tigbao, the drop was even more dramatic. From a very large
average household size of 8.00 in 2015 Down to 4.00 in 2022 with a small recovery to 4.26
in 2024. The total population changed from 15,169 in 2015 to 14,513 in 2022, before
climbing to 16,147 by 2024. The number of households grew from 3,178 to 3,871, and the
average household size trended downward over time. This gradual shift toward smaller
households, even as the population begins to rise again, could reflect evolving social
patterns—like more young adults living independently, fewer extended families living under
one roof, or lower birth rates. In short, while the community is growing in numbers again, how
people live together is also changing—highlighting a shift in lifestyle and family structure
across both urban and rural areas.

Table 17: HISTORICAL GROWTH OF POPULATION

Growth Rate
Year Population Increase/ Growth
Decrease Rate for
the Provincial Regiona National
locality l
1903 4,642 - - - - -
1918 5,719 1,077 1.4 3.23 2.56 1.92
1939 6,318 599 0.48 2.12 2.03 2.22
1948 7,173 855 1.42 2.27 1.94 1.9
1960 7,891 718 0.8 2.26 1.29 3.05
1970 9,231 1,340 1.58 0.35 1.52 3.01
1975 9,519 288 0.62 2.68 1.77 2.78
1980 10,516 997 2.01 1.53 1.49 2.71
1990 11,239 723 0.67 0.58 0.87 2.35
1995 10,754 -485 -0.82 2.15 1.84 2.32
2000 12,907 2,153 3.72 1.28 1.51 2.36
2007 14,283 1,376 1.46 0.93 1.12 2.04
2010 14,349 66 0.15 2.77 1.7 1.54
2015 15,169 820 1.12 1.05 1.52 1.72
2022 14,517 -652 -0.63 - - -
2024 16,147 1,630 1.39 0.27
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

The population changes in the municipality from 1903 to 2024 along with the growth rate
and comparisons to provincial, regional, and national growth rates as shown in Table 17.
From 1903 to 2024, the population increased from 4,642 to 16,147, showing overall long-
term growth. However, the growth rate has fluctuated significantly over time. Between
1903 and 1918, the population grew by 1,077, with a growth rate of 1.4%—lower than the
provincial, regional, and national averages. From 1939 to 1948, the growth rate rose to
1.42%, and again in 1970, reaching 1.58%. The highest growth rate occurred between
1995 and 2000, at 3.72%, following a population drop of 485 between 1990 and 1995,
when the growth rate was -0.82%, the only decline recorded in that period. Another slight
decline occurred from 2015 to 2022, where the population decreased by 652, showing a
negative growth rate of -0.63%. By 2024, the population rebounded to 16,147, gaining
1,630 people from 2022, with a growth rate of 1.39%—slightly above previous years,
though lower than past peak periods. Overall, the data reflects a general upward trend in
population, with some years of decline, particularly in 1995 and 2022. Despite these dips,
the municipality has shown resilience and recovery, especially in the most recent period
(2022–2024).

Table 18: HOUSEHOLD POPULATION FIVE YEARS OLD AND OVER BY MIGRATION
Frequency
Male Female
Barangay
Non- Migran Non-
Migrant Total Total
migrant t migrant
Biasong 240 229 469 278 267 545
Bogasong 526 497 1,023 521 477 998
Gakat 592 576 1,168 566 548 1,114
Jubas 304 304 617 313 313 617
(Pob.)
Magkasag 467 407 874 421 362 783
Mayuga 639 619 1,258 601 576 1,177
Nahaong 1,028 922 1,050 975 886 1,861
Nahulid 861 845 1,706 778 764 1,542
Otikon 589 577 1,166 635 625 1,260
Pangi 302 297 599 297 291 588
Punta 146 129 275 123 110 233
Talisay 598 595 1,193 567 562 1,129
(Pob.)
Tigbao 887 879 1,799 837 833 1,670
Cawayan 490 380 870 470 391 861
Total 7,669 7,256 14,064 7,349 7,035 14,378
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

Based on the 2024 Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) data provided by the
Philippine Statistics Authority, the migration profile of the municipality across 14
barangays reveals detailed patterns in male and female populations, both migrant and non-
migrant. In total, the municipality recorded 14,064 males and 14,378 females, bringing the
overall population to 28,442 individuals. When broken down, 7,669 males and 7,349
females are categorized as migrants, while 7,256 males and 7,035 females are non-
migrants. The barangay of Nahaong stands out with the highest male migrant population at
1,028, and a similarly high female migrant population of 975, contributing to one of the
largest total populations among all barangays. Mayuga follows closely with 639 male and
601 female migrants, totaling a significant 2,435 individuals when combined with non-
migrants. In contrast, Punta has the smallest migrant population, with only 146 male and
123 female migrants, totaling 508 residents overall. Other barangays like Bogasong,
Gakat, and Nahulid also show high migrant numbers, each with over 1,000 individuals per
gender category. Meanwhile, both Poblacion barangays — Jubas and Talisay — show
balanced distributions between migrant and non-migrant populations, suggesting relatively
stable population dynamics. These figures offer key insights into the mobility patterns,
settlement preferences, and demographic distribution in the municipality, providing a vital
foundation for local planning, resource allocation, and migration-related policies.
 Table 19: MIGRATION PATTERN

Place of Residence
Sex Household % Inter- % Inter- % Inter- % International % Inter- %
Population Regional Municipal Provincial Migrant Baranga
5 years Migrant Migrant Migrant y Migrant
and over

Male 7,669 51.06% 208 54.31% 95 51.08% 14 40% 79 51.64% 17 51.51%

Femal 7,349 48.94% 175 45.69% 91 48.92% 21 60 74 48.36% 16 48.48
e
Both 15,018 100% 383 100% 186 100% 35 100% 153 100% 33 100%
Sexes

Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

The total household population aged 5 years and over is 15,018, composed of 7,669 males (51.06%) and 7,349 females (48.94%).
Inter-Regional Migrants:
Out of 383 inter-regional migrants:
● 208 (54.31%) are male
● 175 (45.69%) are female
Inter-Municipal Migrants:
Among the 186 inter-municipal migrants:
● 95 (51.08%) are male
● 91 (48.92%) are female
Inter-Provincial Migrants:
Of the 35 inter-provincial migrants:
● 14 (40%) are male
● 21 (60%) are female
International Migrants:
Out of 153 international migrants:
●79 (51.64%) are male
●74 (48.36%) are female
Inter-Barangay Migrants:
Among the 33 inter-barangay migrants:
● 17 (51.51%) are male
● 16 (48.48%) are female

3.3 EDUCATION

Table 20: STUDENT-TEACHER AND STUDENT-CLASSROOM RATIO BY LEVEL YR. 2024-2025

Number of Enrollees
Student-
Type/Level Total No. of Total No. of Student-
Male Female Total Teacher
Teachers Classrooms Classroom Ratio
Ratio
PRIVATE
1. Elementary 925 859 1,784 102 - 17:1 17:1
2. Junior High School 130 110 240 8 8 30:1 30;1
3. Senior High School 32 36 68 3 2 23:1 34:1
PUBLIC
1. Elementary 951 881 1,832 93 81 19:1 22:1
2. Junior High School 632 516 1,148 47 - 24:1 24:1
3. Senior High School 278 223 501 20 - 25:1 25:1
Source: DepEd, 2024

Table 20 presents data on student enrollment, teachers, classrooms, and student-teacher and student-classroom ratios in private and public
schools. In private schools, junior high has 240 students (130 male, 110 female) and senior high has 68 students (32 male, 36 female), with
3 teachers assigned to each level. However, there is no available data on classrooms or student-teacher and student-classroom ratios for
private schools.

In public schools, elementary enrollment is significantly higher, with 1,832 students (925 male, 859 female), supported by 102 teachers and
81 classrooms. The student-teacher ratio is 19:1, and the student-classroom ratio is 22:1. Junior high has 1,148 students (632 male, 516
female), and senior high has 501 students (278 male, 223 female), though data on teachers, classrooms, and ratios for these levels is
missing. Public elementary schools appear to be well-staffed, while data gaps exist for the higher levels.
Table 21: ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY ENROLMENT IN PRIVATE SCHOOLS
SY 2018-2019 TO 2024-2025

Elementary Secondary
School Year
Total Public Private Total Public Private

2018-2019 1,388 1,388 - 2,016 1,507 509

2019-2020 1,506 1,506 - 2,027 1,617 410
2020-2021 1,480 1,480 - 2,042 1,651 391
2021-2022 1,468 1,468 - 2,105 1,707 398
2022-2023 1,466 1,466 - 2,011 1,649 362
2023-2024 3,656 328
1,883 1,883 1,773
2024-2025 1,606 1606 - 2,089 1,781 308
Source: 2024 CBMS, DepEd

Table 21 shows enrollment trends in elementary and secondary education in public and
private schools from SY 2018–2019 to SY 2024–2025, based on data from the 2024 CBMS
and DepEd.
Elementary Level- From 2018–2019 to 2022–2023, all elementary students were enrolled in
public schools. Enrollment remained relatively stable during this period, starting at 1,388 in
2018–2019 and slightly decreasing to 1,466 in 2022–2023. In 2023–2024, elementary
enrollment jumped to 1,883, the highest in the series. However, it decreased to 1,606 in
2024–2025, though still higher than in the earlier years.
Secondary Level- Public school enrollment at the secondary level consistently exceeded
private school enrollment. From 2018–2019 to 2022–2023, total enrollment remained steady,
peaking at 2,105 in 2021–2022, then slightly declining to 2,011, 6 in 2022–2023. Private
school enrollment steadily declined, from 509 in 2018–2019 to 362 in 2022–2023. A
significant spike in total secondary enrollment occurred in 2023–2024, reaching 3,656. This
sudden increase may be due to changes in reporting or policy. The number dropped again to
2,089 in 2024–2025, with private school enrollment continuing to decline to 308.

Table 22: HISTORICAL ENROLMENT BY LEVEL

FOR THE LAST THREE SCHOOL YEARS
SY SY SY
2022-23 2023-2024 2024-2025
LEVEL Total % Total % Total %
Enrolment Increase/ Enrolment Increase/ Enrolment Increase/
Decrease Decrease Decrease
Elementary 1,466 0.14 1,883 28.44 1,606 0.85
Secondary 2,011 4.47 1,773 11.83 1,781 0.99
Tertiary - - - - - -
Vocational/ - - - - - -
Technical
TOTAL 3,477 - 3,656 - 3,387 -
Source: DEPED, 2024

Enrollment figures and percentage changes across elementary and secondary education
levels over three school years: 2022–2023, 2023–2024, and 2024–2025 are shown in Table
22. Data for tertiary and vocational/technical levels were not available.
Elementary Level- Elementary enrollment slightly increased by 0.14% from 1,466 in SY
2022–2023 to 1,883 in SY 2023–2024, marking a significant 28.44% jump. However, in SY
2024–2025, enrollment dropped to 1,606, showing a 0.85% decrease from the previous
year.
Secondary Level- Secondary enrollment decreased by 11.83%, from 2,011 in SY 2022–
2023 to 1,773 in SY 2023–2024. A slight increase of 0.99% followed in SY 2024–2025,
bringing enrollment up to 1,781.
Overall enrollment across elementary and secondary levels rose from 3,477 in 2022–2023 to
a peak of 3,656 in 2023–2024, before falling to 3,387 in 2024–2025.

Table 23: HISTORICAL ENROLLMENT PARTICIPATION RATE

FOR THE LAST FIVE (5) YEARS

ENROLMENT PARTICIPATION RATE

YEAR Elementary Secondary Tertiary Technical/Vocational
2020 1,480 2,042 - -
2021 1,468 2,105 - -
2022 1,466 2,011 - -
2023 1,642 1,827 - -
2024 1,606 1,781 - -
Source: DepEd Data, 2024

The enrollment participation data from 2020 to 2024 gives us a glimpse into the education
landscape in the municipality, particularly in elementary and secondary levels. While
there’s no available data yet for tertiary or technical-vocational education, the figures we
do have tell an important story. Starting with elementary education, enrollment numbers
have seen some ups and downs over the years. In 2020, there were 1,480 elementary
students enrolled. That number dipped slightly in the following years, reaching a low of
1,466 in 2022. However, by 2023, there was a noticeable rebound, with 1,642 students
enrolled, suggesting efforts to bring children back to school may have been effective. In
2024, the number settled slightly lower at 1,606, but still above pre-rebound levels. In
secondary education, the numbers have consistently outpaced those at the elementary
level. Enrollment peaked in 2021, reaching 2,105 students. Since then, there’s been a
gradual decline—2,011 in 2022, then down to 1,827 in 2023, and 1,781 in 2024. While the
numbers are still strong, the downward trend might be worth watching, as it could point to
issues like dropout rates, migration, or economic factors pulling older students out of school.
What’s notably missing from the data is any record of enrollment in tertiary
(college/university) or technical-vocational education. This absence could mean a few
things—perhaps enrollment is low, or it might simply reflect a lack of reporting or tracking
systems for these levels at the local level. Either way, it highlights a potential area for future
improvement in data collection and support for post-secondary pathways.
 Figure 3. REASONS FOR NOT ATTENDING SCHOOL OF COVERED POPULATION
16 TO 21 YEARS OLD BY SEX: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024

Reasons for not attending school of Covered Population 16 to 21

years old by sex: Libagon Southern Leyte, 2024
100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
1 2
Series1 Looking for work High cost of educational/financial concern Lack of personal interest Employment
 Table 24: TEACHER-PUPIL/STUDENT RATIO
Gross
No. Of Authorized No. Of Teacher Teacher pupil/student
Total Enrolment teacher-Pupil/Student
Positions for Teacher Actually Teaching Ratio
Ratio
Level SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY SY
2021- 2022- 2024 2021- 2022- 2024- 2021- 2022- 2024- 2021- 2022- 2024 2021- 2022- 2024-
2022 2023 - 2022 2023 2025 2022 2023 2025 2022 2023 - 2022 2023 2025
2025 2025
Elementary 1,468 1,466 3,616 - 93 - - - 17:1 - - - - - 17:1
Secondary 2,105 2,011 1,957 - - 231 - - - - - 231 - - 52:1
Tertiary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Vocational/Technical - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Total 3,573 3,477 5,573 - 93 231 - 17:1 - - 231 - - 52:1
Source: DepEd Data, 2024

The data presents the total enrolment, number of authorized teacher positions, and teacher-pupil/student ratios across the elementary and
secondary levels for three school years — SY 2021–2022, SY 2022–2023, and SY 2024–2025.

Elementary Level

In School Year (SY) 2021–2022, the elementary level had a total enrolment of 1,468 learners.
By SY 2022–2023, enrolment slightly decreased to 1,466, indicating a stable trend in student population.
However, by SY 2024–2025, enrolment significantly increased to 3,616 learners, more than doubling the previous year’s figures.

During SY 2022–2023, there were 93 authorized teaching positions, yielding a gross teacher–pupil ratio of 17:1, which reflects a favorable
class size in line with standard educational ratios. By SY 2024–2025, the teacher–pupil ratio remained 17:1, suggesting that the number of
teachers increased proportionately with the enrolment growth, maintaining an effective learning environment.

Secondary Level

At the secondary level, total enrolment was 2,105 students in SY 2021–2022, decreasing slightly to 2,011 in SY 2022–2023, and then further
declining to 1,957 in SY 2024–2025.
By SY 2024–2025, the number of authorized teaching positions reached 231, resulting in a teacher–student ratio of 52:1. This ratio is
considerably higher than the recommended standard, indicating large class sizes and a possible need for additional teaching staff to ensure
quality instruction.

Tertiary and Vocational/Technical Levels

No enrolment or teacher data were recorded for tertiary and vocational/technical levels across the three school years, implying that such
programs were either not offered or not yet operational within the covered period.

Overall Summary

Overall, total enrolment across all levels rose from 3,573 in SY 2021–2022 and 3,477 in SY 2022–2023 to 5,573 in SY 2024–2025.
The elementary level experienced significant growth, while the secondary level showed a gradual decline in enrolment.
Teacher-pupil ratios indicate that the elementary level maintains an ideal class size, whereas the secondary level faces challenges with higher
ratios that may impact teaching effectiveness.

3.4 HEALTH

● Medical Facilities and Medical Personnel

Table 25: MEDICAL FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL YEAR 2024

FACILITIES NO. OF PERSONNEL
BARANGAY No. Physical Sanitary
Type of Condition Doctors Nurses Midwives Inspector Others Total
Beds s
1. Mayuga BHS - Operational - 2 1 - 11 14
2. Nahaong BHS - Operational - 1 1 - 53 55
3. Talisay RHU - Operational 1 1 2 1 15 20
Source: MHO Data, 2024

Healthcare services across the barangays show variations in both facility type and staffing levels, reflecting the scope and capacity of each
health center. In Barangay Mayuga, there is an operational Barangay Health Station (BHS). While it does not have any doctors assigned, it
is staffed by 2 nurses and 1 midwife. There are no sanitary inspectors, but the facility is supported by 11 other health personnel, bringing
the total number of staff to 14. This indicates a modest but functioning team catering to the community’s basic health needs. In Barangay
Nahaong, the Barangay Health Station is also operational. Similar to Mayuga, it has no doctor, but it is staffed by 1 nurse and 1 midwife,
with no sanitary inspector. However, it is backed by a large number of support staff — 53 personnel, making a total of 55. This suggests a
strong auxiliary team, likely assisting in various community health programs. Meanwhile, Barangay Talisay is home to a Rural Health Unit
(RHU), which is also fully operational and has a more complete medical team. It includes 1 doctor, 1 nurse, 2 midwives, and 1 sanitary
inspector. In addition, 15 other
health workers are present, resulting in a total of 20 personnel. Among the three barangays,
Talisay has the most comprehensive mix of medical professionals, making it a more equipped
facility for delivering broader health services.

● Birth Rate & Crude Rate

Table 26: CRUDE BIRTH RATE AND CRUDE DEATH RATE

FOR THE LAST ELEVEN YEARS: 2013-2024
% %
YEAR CBR INCREASE/DECREASE CDR INCREASE/DECREASE
2013 16.62 - 8.85 -
2014 16.62 0 8.85 0
2015 14.92 -1.7 8.00 -0.85
2016 13.45 -1.47 4.9 -3.1
2017 12.79 -0.66 5.8 0.9
2018 - - 4.21 1.59
2019 - - 5.56 -0.35
2020 11.20 - 5.69 -0.13
2021 10.89 - 7.11 -1.42
2022 12.92 - 6.42 0.69
2023 11.11 - 5.10 1.32
2024 0.39 -10.72 5.11 -0.92
Source: MHO Data 2013-2024

Over the past decade, the municipality has experienced some significant shifts in both birth
and death rates, painting a complex picture of demographic change. In 2013 and 2014, the
crude birth rate held steady at 16.62 births per 1,000 people, but from 2015 onwards, the
trend began to shift. There was a noticeable decline in births: 2015: Crude death rate
dropped to 14.92, a decrease of 1.7 2016: It fell further to 13.45. By 2020, the rate had
reached 11.20. This downward trend reflects what many communities are experiencing: fewer
babies being born, possibly due to family planning efforts, economic pressures, or changing
lifestyles and priorities. The decline continued into 2021, where CBR dipped to 10.89, but
interestingly, it ticked back up to 12.92 in 2022, showing a brief recovery. However, by 2023, it
dropped again to 11.11, and then in 2024, fell dramatically to just 0.39—an unusually sharp
decline that may signal under-reporting, a demographic shift, or a possible issue in data
collection. The crude death rate has shown a more fluctuating trend over the same period,
but generally remained lower than the birth rate—until very recently. From 2013 to 2015,
deaths decreased slightly, moving from 8.85 to 8.00 per 1,000 people. In 2016, there was a
steep drop to 4.9, the lowest in the dataset's. Over the next few years, the rate varied, rising to
7.11 in 2021, before decreasing again to 5.10 in 2023 In 2024, the rate slightly increased to
5.11. While the changes in CDR are less dramatic than those in birth rates, they still reflect the
community's public health conditions, aging population, and possibly the impacts of
medical care access and disease outbreaks. The gap between births and deaths—which
usually indicates population growth—is narrowing. In 2024, the birth rate (0.39) dropped
below the death rate (5.11) for the first time in over a decade, suggesting the population may
be declining or [Link] could reflect wider demographic trends such as urban migration,
economic hardship, fertility decline, or delayed family formation.

Table 27: TOTAL NUMBER OF CERTIFICATE OF LIVEBIRTHS BY SEX,

BY BARANGAY: YEAR 2023 TO YEAR 2024
Year 2023 Year 2024
BARANGAY M F T M F T
 Biasong 1 1 2 0 0 0
Bogasong 0 4 4 1 2 3
Cawayan 1 5 6 0 2 2
Gakat 6 2 8 3 4 7
Jubas 4 2 6 1 2 3
Magkasag 1 1 2 1 1 2
Mayuga 6 2 8 3 4 7
Nahaong 5 2 7 3 5 8
Nahulid 3 5 8 6 7 13
Otikon 3 3 6 1 3 4
Pangi 3 3 6 2 1 3
Punta 1 0 3 1 2 3
Talisay 6 5 11 11 9 20
Tigbao 6 6 12 9 5 14
Total 46 41 87 42 47 89
Source: Municipal Civil Registry Office 2024

In 2023, the total number of individuals recorded across all barangays was 87, with 46 males
and 41 females. By 2024, this number slightly increased to 89, reflecting a modest growth.
Interestingly, while the total count rose, the number of males decreased from 46 to 42,
whereas the number of females increased from 41 to 47 — indicating a subtle gender shift in
participation or population distribution.
Barangay-level analysis reveals several noteworthy changes. Biasong, which had 2 individuals
in 2023 (1 male and 1 female), recorded no entries in 2024, showing a complete drop. In
contrast, Bogasong saw a decrease from 4 to 3 individuals, though male participation increased
from 0 to 1.
Cawayan experienced a significant drop, from 6 individuals in 2023 to just 2 in 2024, and
notably, male representation fell to zero. Gakat saw a slight decline from 8 to 7, but the gender
balance shifted toward females. Jubas also declined by half — from 6 to 3 — with both genders
decreasing.
Magkasag remained consistent, maintaining 2 individuals across both years, equally split by
sex. Mayuga went from 8 to 7, a minor reduction, but female numbers doubled. Nahaong
increased slightly, from 7 to 8, with the female population more than doubling.
A striking increase occurred in Nahulid, where numbers jumped from 8 in 2023 to 13 in 2024,
driven by increases in both male (from 3 to 6) and female (from 5 to 7) counts. Otikon
experienced a drop from 6 to 4, especially among males.
In Pangi, the total count halved from 6 to 3, due to a drop in male participation. Punta,
meanwhile, held steady with 3 total individuals each year, though the gender composition
shifted from all-male in 2023 to predominantly female in 2024.
Two barangays saw substantial growth. Talisay more than doubled its count, from 11 to 20 —
with males increasing from 6 to 11, and females from 5 to 9. Tigbao also grew from 12 to 14,
despite a slight decline in female numbers.
Overall, the barangays with the highest growth were Talisay, Nahulid, and Tigbao, while
Biasong, Cawayan, and Jubas showed the most notable declines. The data highlights a general
increase in female participation or presence in 2024, reversing the male-dominant trend
observed in 2023.

3.5 Nutritional Status

 Table 28: GROUPS OF MALNOURISHED CHILDREN AS OF 2024
Weight for Age
0-59 months Underweigh Number of
OPT Plus Norma Overweig t + Severely Underweight
Rank Barangay Coverage l (%) ht Underweigh + Severely
(%) t (%) Underweight
Underweight and severe underweight
1 MAYUGA 100.0% 77.8% 0.00% 22.2% 4
2 OTIKON 100.0% 87.5% 0.00% 12.5% 5
3 GAKAT 100.0% 87.3% 0.6% 12.0% 20
4 NAHULID 100.0% 83.0% 5.7% 11.3% 6
5 NAHAONG 100.0% 88.2% 1.5% 10.3% 7
6 JUBAS 100.0% 84.6% 5.1% 10.3% 4
(POB.)
7 PANGI 100.0% 92.9% 1.2% 6.0% 5
8 BIASONG 100.0% 95.8% 0.0% 4.2% 1
9 TIGBAO 100.0% 92.3% 3.8% 3.8% 1
10 BOGASONG 100.0% 91.1% 5.4% 3.6% 4
11 CAWAYAN 100.0% 92.3% 5.8% 1.9% 1
12 MAGKASAG 100.0% 95.3% 3.8% 0.9% 1
13 PUNTA 100.0% 98.1% 1.9% 0.0% 0
14 TALISAY 100.0% 94.3% 5.7% 0.0% 0
(POB.)
Stunting and severe stunting
1 PUNTA 100.0% 61.1% 0.0% 38.9% 7
2 CAWAYAN 100.0% 70.8% 0.0% 29.2% 7
3 MAGKASAG 100.0% 72.5% 0.0% 27.5% 11
4 NAHAONG 100.0% 73.5% 1.8% 24.7% 41
5 PANGI 100.0% 76.9% 0.0% 23.1% 9
6 OTIKON 100.0% 75.5% 5.7% 18.9% 10
7 GAKAT 100.0% 83.3% 0.0% 16.7% 14
8 MAYUGA 100.0% 80.9% 2.9% 16.2% 11
9 TIGBAO 100.0% 78.6% 8.9% 12.5% 14
10 JUBAS 100.0% 92.3% 0.0% 7.7% 2
11 BOGASONG 100.0% 83.3% 11.1% 5.6% 3
12 BIASONG 100.0% 92.3% 5.8% 1.9% 1
13 NAHULID 100.0% 97.2% 0.9% 1.9% 2
14 TALISAY 100.0% 91.4% 7.1% 1.4% 1
Wasting and Severe Wasting
1 MAYUGA 100.0% 91.2% 0.0% 8.8% 6
2 MAGKASG 100.0% 90.0% 2.5% 7.5% 3
3 OTIKON 100.0% 84.9% 904% 5.7% 3
4 TALISAY 100.0% 90.0% 5.7% 4.3% 3
5 CAWAYAN 100.0% 91.7% 4.2 4.2% 1
6 JUBAS 100.0% 92.3% 3.8% 3.8% 1
7 NAHULID 100.0% 90.6% 5.7% 3.8% 4
8 PANGH 100.0% 89.7% 7.7% 2.6% 1
9 BIASONG 100.0% 94.2% 3.8% 1.9% 1
10 NAHAONG 100.0% 92.2% 6.0% 1.8% 3
11 BOGASONG 100.0% 98.7% 1.9% 0.0% 0
12 GAKAT 100.0% 97.6% 2.4% 0.0% 0
13 PUNTA 100.0% 94.4% 5.6% 0.0% 0
 Weight for Age
0-59 months Underweigh Number of
OPT Plus Norma Overweig t + Severely Underweight
Rank Barangay Coverage l (%) ht Underweigh + Severely
(%) t (%) Underweight
14 TIGBAO 100.0% 94.6% 5.4% 0.0% 0
Overweight and Obesity
1 OTIKON 100.00% 84.9% 5.7% 9.4% 5
2 PANGI 100.00% 89.7% 2.6% 7.7% 3
3 NAHAONG 100.00% 92.2% 1.8% 6.0% 10
4 TALISAY 100.00% 90.2% 4.3% 5.7% 4
5 NAHULID 100.00% 90.6% 3.8% 5.7% 6
6 PUNTA 100.00% 94.4% 0.0% 5.6% 1
7 TIGBAO 100.00% 94.6% 0.0% 5.4% 6
8 CAWAYAN 100.00% 91.7% 4.2% 4.2% 1
9 BIASONG 100.00% 94.2% 1.9% 3.8% 2
10 JUBAS 100.00% 92.3% 3.8% 3.8% 1
11 MAGKASAG 100.00% 90.0% 7.5% 2.5% 1
12 GAKAT 100.00% 97.6% 0.0% 2.4% 2
13 BOGASONG 100.00% 98.1% 0.00% 1.9% 1
14 MAYUGA 100.00% 91.2% 8.8% 0.0% 0
Source: 2024 MHO, PSA

The table presents the Plus Coverage for children aged 0-59 months in various barangays,
with a focus on weight-for-age data. Mayuga has the lowest coverage (34.40%) and the
highest proportion of underweight and severely underweight children at 11.63%, though only 5
children fall into these categories. In contrast, Otikon and Nahaong have relatively high
coverage rates (61.21% and 84.69%, respectively) and lower percentages of underweight
children. Bogasong, Cawayan, Magkasag, Punta, and Talisay (Pob.) have no recorded cases
of underweight or severely underweight children, with Bogasong, Punta, and Bogasong
achieving 100% normal weight. Overall, higher coverage appears to correlate with fewer cases
of undernutrition.

● Morbidity & Mortality

Table 29: LEADING CAUSES OF MORBIDITY

FOR THE LAST THREE (3) YEARS
NUMBER IN
CAUSES
2022 2023 2024
Acute Upper 664 498 1,144
Respiratory Infections
Wounds 160 105 122
Pneumonia 37 129 142
Bronchitis - 224 316
Abscess - 58 167
Impetego - - -
UTI - 111 140
Hypertension 193 93 181
Acute Pyelemophritis - 10 -
Acute Peptic Ulcer - 9 49
Disease
Poly Neuropathy - 2 -
 NUMBER IN
CAUSES
2022 2023 2024
Arthritis (All types) - 3 -
Cough - 207 262
Diabetes Mellitus - 33 41
Animal Bite - 172 103
Allergic Dermatits - 2 -
Swelling - 2 -
Viral Infection 86 12 -
Infectious - - 21
Gastroenteritis
TB of lung by sputum - - 43
microscopy
Tubercolosis pleurisy - - 1
TB of lung (X-ray) - - 29
Tb menegitis - - 1
Gonococcal infection - - 4
Trichomoniasis - - 1
Other skin lesions of - - 1
yaws
Dengue Fever - - 10
Varicula without - - 2
complication
Zoster (Herpes Zoster) - - 4
Zoster without - - 4
complication
Measles - - 2
Exanthema - - 2
Unspecified viral - - 9
complication
Intestinal parasitism - - 1
Scabies - - 2
Malignant neoplasm - - 3
of breast, unspecified
Hodgkin’s Disease - - 2
Diabetic ulcer - - 5
Hypercholesterinemia - - 6
Hyperuricemia - - 32
Schizophernia - - 18
Non-organic insomnia - - 8
Autistis disorder - - 9
Stye - - 12
Conjunctivitis - - 16
Senile cataract - - 5
Otitis externa - - 33
Impacted cerumen - - 8
Vertigo - - 6
Deaf mutism - - 11
Acute Rhinitis - - 36
Acute Tonsilitis - - 57
 NUMBER IN
CAUSES
2022 2023 2024
Asthma 61 - 45
Non-Ulcer dypepsia - - 65
Cellutitis - - 30
Pemphigoid - - 65
Dermatitis - - 15
Myalgia - - 39
Costochondritis - - 11
Acute cystitis - - 14
Fever unknown - - 40
Localized edema - - 17
Allergy - - 40
Total 1,201 1,670 3,452
Source: Municipal Health Office, 2024
The health records from 2022 to 2024 reveal a compelling story about the shifting health
concerns within the municipality. Over these three years, reported medical cases more than
tripled—from 1,201 in 2022 to 3,452 in 2024—signaling either a rise in health issues,
improved reporting, or increased access to healthcare services.
One of the most striking trends is the surge in acute upper respiratory infections, which
more than doubled from 498 cases in 2023 to 1,144 in 2024—making it the most common
reported illness. Cough, bronchitis, acute rhinitis, and tonsillitis also saw a sharp rise,
pointing to a broader increase in respiratory conditions, possibly due to changing weather
patterns, pollution, or post-pandemic vulnerabilities. Wounds and abscesses continue to be
common, especially in 2024, where abscess cases nearly tripled from the previous year. This
may indicate a need for better wound care awareness and hygiene practices in communities.
Meanwhile, urinary tract infections (UTIs) rose from 111 in 2023 to 140 in 2024, showing
persistent issues related to sanitation or access to clean water. Conditions like hypertension
and diabetes remain among the top chronic illnesses. Hypertension spiked again in 2024 with
181 cases, nearly double from the year before. Diabetes mellitus also increased slightly,
reflecting the ongoing need for better lifestyle awareness and chronic disease management.
Interestingly, mental health conditions began appearing in 2024, including schizophrenia (18
cases), non-organic insomnia (8), and autistic disorder (9). These were previously
unrecorded, suggesting either better detection or growing awareness and willingness to seek
help. It marks a significant step in destigmatizing mental health issues. Skin-related conditions
like cellulitis, pemphigoid, dermatitis, and scabies also made their presence known in 2024.
At the same time, eye and ear concerns such as conjunctivitis, senile cataract, impacted
cerumen, and even deaf mutism were reported, possibly due to aging populations or
increased health screenings. After being unreported in earlier years, tuberculosis (TB) made
a visible comeback in 2024. TB of the lungs, diagnosed via both sputum microscopy and X-
ray, saw a total of 73 cases. This signals the need to strengthen TB prevention and treatment
programs. Dengue fever, measles, and other viral infections like herpes zoster and
exanthema also started to appear, though in smaller numbers. What this data ultimately shows
is a rapid rise in reported health conditions—more than doubling in just one year. While
this could be concerning, it might also reflect better access to healthcare, more robust
health reporting, or increased public awareness. Still, the surge in respiratory illnesses,
chronic diseases, and infections highlights the need for continued public health education,
preventive care, and expanded medical services.

Table 30: LEADING CAUSES OF MORTALITY FOR THE LAST THREE (3) YEARS
 Year
Causes
2022 2023 2024
Cerebrovascular Disease - - -
Diabetes Mellitus 9 - -
Cancer (all forms) 3 6 -
Acute Myocardial 3 2 7
Infraction
Acute Cardiopulmonary - - 27
Arrest
Frontal Lobe Cyst - - 1
Acute Kidney Failure - - 2
Multi-organ Failure - - 1
Cardiac Arythrnia - - 4
Sepsis - - 4
Undetermined Natural - 16 14
Cause
Sudden Cardiac Death - 3 -
Asphyxia - - 2
Uremia - - 1
Moderate Dehydration - - 1
Acute Respiratory - - 11
Failure
Cerebral hypoxia - - 1
Hypostatic Pneumonia - - 3
Hypovolemic Shock - - 2
Traumatic Brain Injury - - 1
Severe Leptospirosis - - 1
Acute peptic ulcer - - 1
disease
Severe protein calorie - - 1
malnutrition
Sequel of - - -
Stroke/Cerebral
Infraction
Pneumonia (Severe) - 7 -
Peptic Ulcer Disease 2 - -
(bleeding)
Pulmonary Tubercolosis 2 -
Septicemia - - -
Congenital Heart Disease - - -
Vehicular Accident 4 - -
Congestive Heart Failure 6 3 -
Chronic Renal - - -
Failure/Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease 4 5 -
Acute Coronary - - -
Syndrome
Hypertension 10 - -
Cardiovascular Disease 19 13 -
Covid-19 (+) Infection - - -
Stab wound 2 - -
Unknown - - -
 Year
Causes
2022 2023 2024
TOTAL 62 57 85
Source: MHO Data, 2024

In 2022, a total of 62 deaths were recorded, with the most common cause being
cardiovascular disease, which accounted for 19 cases. Hypertension followed with 10
cases, while diabetes mellitus was responsible for 9 deaths. Congestive heart failure
contributed to 6 deaths, and chronic kidney disease caused 4. Three deaths were due
to cancer, and another three were caused by acute myocardial infarction. Peptic ulcer
disease with bleeding was the cause of 2 deaths, matched by 2 more due to stab
wounds. Vehicular accidents also claimed 4 lives. Lesser-reported causes included
cerebrovascular disease, septicemia, congenital heart disease, chronic renal failure,
and COVID-19 infection, all listed but without any recorded deaths.

Moving into 2023, the number of deaths slightly declined to 57. Cardiovascular disease
remained a leading cause, with 13 deaths. Undetermined natural causes sharply rose
to 16 cases, becoming the most significant category for the year. Cancer-related
deaths doubled compared to 2022, reaching 6, and pneumonia also emerged with 7
reported fatalities. Congestive heart failure declined to 3 cases, matching the number
of deaths caused by sudden cardiac death and pulmonary tuberculosis. Chronic kidney
disease increased slightly to 5 cases, while acute myocardial infarction saw a minor
decrease with 2 reported deaths. Other causes like diabetes mellitus and hypertension
were no longer reported or had dropped off the records entirely.

In 2024, the total number of deaths surged to 85, marking the highest across the three
years. Acute cardiopulmonary arrest emerged as the most significant single cause with
27 deaths. Acute myocardial infarction sharply increased to 7 deaths, while acute
respiratory failure followed closely with 11 cases. Undetermined natural causes
remained high, with 14 deaths reported. Cancer-related deaths continued their upward
trend, reaching 6, and cardiac arrhythmia and sepsis each accounted for 4 cases.
Chronic kidney disease remained steady with 5 cases, while pneumonia, this time
classified as severe, caused 7 deaths.

Other causes that appeared in 2024 included acute kidney failure with 2 cases,
hypovolemic shock with 2, and asphyxia with 2. Frontal lobe cyst, multi-organ failure,
uremia, moderate dehydration, cerebral hypoxia, hypostatic pneumonia, traumatic
brain injury, severe leptospirosis, acute peptic ulcer disease, and severe protein calorie
malnutrition each accounted for one death. The increasing number and diversity of
causes in 2024 suggest a broadening range of health challenges compared to the
previous years.

Overall, while cardiovascular-related conditions remained a consistent cause of death

throughout the three years, there was a notable rise in acute and undetermined
conditions in 2024. This shift may reflect changes in health trends, reporting practices,
or environmental and systemic factors that warrant further investigation.

Table 31: GENERAL HEALTH SITUATION AS OF 2024

 Indicators Rate
Fertility
1. Crude Birth 0.39
2. Total Fertility 49.98
Morbidity
1. General Medical -
2. Consultation -
3. Hospitalization -
Mortality
1. Crude Death 5.11
2. Infant Mortality -
3. Child Mortality -
4. Maternity Mortality -
Source: MHO Data, 2024
3.6 SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT

Table 32: NO. PERSONS OF DISABILITY, BY TYPE OF DISABILITY, BY BARANGAY

Type of Disability

Deaf or Physical Speech and

Visual Intellectual Learning Mental Psychosocial Other
Hard of disability Language
Barangay Disability Disability Disability Disability disability Disability
hearing (Orthopaedic) impairment

Biasong 0 0 0 0 6 4 0 2 2
Bogasong 3 2 2 0 4 15 2 1 6
Cawayan 1 0 2 1 4 6 0 5 3
Gakat 1 1 2 0 6 6 2 2 1
Jubas 0 1 4 3 1 7 1 0 3
(Pob)
Magkasag 2 0 3 1 4 4 0 2 2
Mayuga 1 2 3 3 3 9 3 2 1
Nahaong 1 3 2 1 6 24 2 2 3
Nahulid 1 0 4 4 2 20 0 1 4
Otikon 5 1 4 0 4 12 0 2 1
Pangi 2 0 1 1 1 6 2 0 2
Punta 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 1
Talisay 2 0 2 4 0 13 1 4 4
(Pob)
Tigbao 4 4 5 3 7 21 3 1 6
Total 24 14 34 21 50 148 16 25 39
Source: MSWDO, 2024
In 2024, the municipality recorded a variety of disabilities across its 14 barangays, shedding light on the diverse needs and challenges faced by
persons with disabilities, or PWDs, in the area. A total of 371 cases of disability were reported, with the understanding that some individuals
may have more than one type of disability.
The most common disability reported was Physical Disability (Orthopaedic), with 148 cases, accounting for approximately 40% of all
recorded disabilities. This category stood out significantly, especially in the barangays of Nahaong, which reported 24 cases, and Tigbao,
with 21 cases.
Other types of disabilities were also observed across the municipality. These include:
Mental Disability, with 50 cases, Intellectual Disability, with 34 cases, Other Disabilities,
totaling 39 cases, Speech and Language Impairment, with 25 cases, Learning Disability,
recorded at 21 cases, Psycho-social Disability, with 16 cases, Deaf or Hard of Hearing, at
14 cases and Visual Disability, with 24 cases.
Among all barangays, Tigbao reported the highest number of individuals with multiple
forms of disability, registering high numbers in mental, physical, intellectual, and visual
disabilities. Nahaong and Nahulid also reported notable figures, particularly in the categories
of physical and mental disabilities.
On the other end of the spectrum, Barangay Punta had the fewest reported cases, with only
7 instances, mainly involving physical and mental disabilities.
This data emphasizes the importance of implementing targeted programs and services for
PWDs, including rehabilitation, inclusive education, and mental health support. It also
highlights a pressing need for greater awareness, early diagnosis, and more accessible
health and social services — particularly in addressing physical and mental disabilities,
which remain the most dominant concerns across the municipality.

Table 33: NUMBER OF DISABILITY BY SEX, BY BARANGAY, 2024

Disability by Sex
Total
Barangay
Male Female
Biasong 7 9 16
Bogasong 16 7 23
Cawayan 11 8 19
Gakat 16 8 24
Jubas (Pob) 5 2 7
Magkasag 22 9 31
Mayuga 20 27 47
Nahaong 19 11 30
Nahulid 13 12 25
Otikon 13 19 32
Pangi 15 8 23
Punta 6 3 9
Talisay (Pob) 17 13 30
Tigbao 20 15 35
Total 200 151 351
Source: MSWDO, CBMS 2024
 Households with at least One Member with Disability
Households without PWD Members
Figure 4 HOUSEHOLDS WITH AT LEAST ONE MEMBER WITH DISABILITY:
LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024
As of 2024, a total of 351 persons with disabilities (PWDs) were recorded across various
barangays in the municipality. Of this number, 200 were male and 151 were female, indicating
that males comprised a slightly larger portion (approximately 57%) of the PWD population.
The barangay with the highest number of recorded PWDs was Mayuga, with a total of 47
individuals (20 males and 27 females), followed closely by Tigbao with 35 PWDs (20 males
and 15 females), and Otikon with 32 PWDs (13 males and 19 females). These areas may
reflect either higher population densities or more effective identification and reporting
mechanisms. In contrast, Jubas (Poblacion) recorded the lowest number of persons with
disabilities, with only 7 individuals (5 males and 2 females), followed by Punta with 9
individuals (6 males and 3 females). Gender distribution varied per barangay. Notably, in
Mayuga and Otikon, the number of female PWDs surpassed that of males, which is opposite
the overall trend. Other barangays, such as Bogasong, Magkasag, and Gakat, showed
significantly higher numbers of male PWDs. This data can provide valuable insights for the
planning and implementation of inclusive programs, health services, accessibility initiatives,
and livelihood support that are sensitive to both geographic and gender-based needs.

Table 34: NUMBER OF SENIOR CITIZENS BY SEX, BY BARANGAY, 2024

No. of Senior Citizen by Sex
Total
Barangay Male Female

Biasong 7 9 16
Bogasong 16 7 23
Cawayan 11 8 19
Gakat 16 8 24
Jubas (Pob) 5 2 7
Magkasag 22 9 31
Mayuga 20 27 47
Nahaong 19 11 30
Nahulid 13 12 25
Otikon 13 19 32
Pangi 15 8 23
Punta 6 3 9
 Talisay (Pob) 17 13 30
Tigbao 20 15 35
Total 200 151 351
Source: MSWDO, CBMS 2024
The total number of senior citizens across all barangays is 351, consisting of 200 males and
151 females. This shows a noticeable gender imbalance, with males making up a larger
portion (approximately 57%) of the senior population.
At the barangay level, the distribution varies significantly:
● Mayuga has the highest number of senior citizens, totaling 47, with more females
(27) than males (20), making it one of the few barangays where females outnumber
males.
● Tigbao follows with 35 seniors, consisting of 20 males and 15 females.
● Magkasag ranks third with 31 seniors, heavily skewed toward males (22 males to 9
females).
● Otikon has 32 seniors, with a female majority (19 females vs. 13 males), again
showing a reversal of the overall trend.
● Nahaong and Talisay (Pob) both report 30 seniors, though in Nahaong, males
dominate (19 vs. 11), while Talisay shows a more balanced distribution (17 males and
13 females).
Other barangays with notable figures include:
● Nahulid with 25 seniors, fairly balanced (13 males and 12 females).
● Gakat with 24, again skewed toward males (16 vs. 8).
● Bogasong and Pangi each have 23 seniors, but in Bogasong, males (16) far exceed
females (7), while Pangi also shows a male majority (15 males, 8 females).
● Cawayan records 19 seniors, more males (11) than females (8).
● Biasong has a smaller senior population of 16, with more females (9) than males (7).
● Jubas (Pob) and Punta report the lowest totals, at 7 and 9 respectively.
Across the board, most barangays show a male-dominated senior population, with a few
exceptions such as Mayuga and Otikon, where females slightly outnumber males. This may
reflect local demographic patterns, health trends, or migration effects among the elderly
populatio

18 19
Figure 5. DISTRIBUTION OF
COVERED POPULATION 60 YEARS 14
OLD AND OVER BY OWNERSHIP OF 11 12
10
SENIOR CITIZEN ID: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024

Figure 5. BARANGAYS WITH MOST

NUMBER OF SENIOR CITIZENS
WITHOUT SENIOR CITIZEN ID: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024
 Age of Senior Citizens Living Alone

Figure 6. SENIOR CITIZENS LIVING ALONE: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024

Table 35: NUMBER OF CLIENTELE SERVED, BY TYPE, BY BARANGAY

Services Type of Number of Number of Funding
Barangays
Offered Clientele Clientele Staff Source
Biasong Child Pre-School 12 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Bogasong Child Pre-School 21 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Cawayan Child Pre-School 23 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Gakat Child Pre-School 25 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Magkasag Child Pre-School 17 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Mayuga Child Pre-School 22 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Nahaong Child Pre-School 22 2 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Nahulid Child Pre-School 54 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Otikon Child Pre-School 34 2 BLGU,
 Development Learners MLGU
Service
Pangi Child Pre-School 13 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Punta Child Pre-School 10 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Talisay Child Pre-School 73 2 BLGU,
(Pob) Development Learners MLGU
Service
Tigbao Child Pre-School 32 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Biasong Child Pre-School 12 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Bogasong Child Pre-School 21 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Cawayan Child Pre-School 23 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Gakat Child Pre-School 25 1 BLGU,
Development Learners MLGU
Service
Source: MSWDO Office, 2024

In 2024, the Municipal Social Welfare and Development (MSWD) Office continued to deliver
essential Child Development Services to pre-school learners across various barangays in the
municipality. These services were primarily geared toward early childhood education and were
jointly funded by both the Barangay Local Government Units (BLGU) and the Municipal
Local Government Unit (MLGU). A total of 13 barangays implemented child development
programs, with each barangay operating at least one Child Development Center. The services
catered to a combined total of 389 pre-school learners, supported by 18 Child Development
Workers. The distribution of clientele and staff varied per barangay. For instance, Talisay
(Pob.) recorded the highest number of enrollees with 73 learners and had 2 staff members,
ensuring a more manageable learner-to-teacher ratio. In contrast, Punta served the fewest
number of children, with only 10 learners under the care of 1 staff member. Barangays like
Otikon and Nahaong also had two assigned staff each, likely in response to relatively higher
enrollment figures of 34 and 22 respectively. Meanwhile, most of the other barangays,
including Biasong, Bogasong, Cawayan, Gakat, Mayuga, Magkasag, Pangi, and Tigbao,
maintained a 1:1 staff-to-center setup, even though learner counts ranged from 12 to 32. It's
worth noting that some entries in the dataset are duplicated (e.g., Biasong, Bogasong,
Cawayan, and Gakat appeared twice), which may require verification to ensure data accuracy.
Overall, the consistent funding support from both BLGU and MLGU has enabled the
continuation of these vital early childhood programs, reflecting the local government’s
commitment to the foundational education and development of young children across the
municipality.
Table 36: PHYSICAL CONDITION OF FACILITIES, BY BARANGAY: YEAR 2024

BARANGAY Day Care Senior Rehabilitatio Women’s Others

Center Citizen n Center Center
Care
 Center
G P C G P C G P C G P C G P C
1. Biasong /
2. Bogasong /
3. Cawayan /
4. Gakat /
5. Jubas /
6. Magkasag /
7. Mayuga /
8. Nahaong /
9. Nahulid /
[Link] /
[Link] /
[Link] /
[Link] /
[Link] / /
Source: MSWDO , 2024
Legend:
G: Good; well-maintained; P: Poor; needs improvement; C: Critical; Needs priority
action

Table 37: TYPE OF SOCIAL SERVICES AND SOCIAL WELFARE ORGANIZATIONS, BY

BARANGAY, YEAR: 2024

TYPE OF SOCIAL SERVICES

Others
SOCIAL Day Care
BARANGAY Family Life Family Relief/ (Please
WELFARE Services & Medical
Education & Planning Rehabilitatio Specify)
ORGANIZATION Supplementa Care
Counselling Assistance n Livelihood
l Feeding
Assistance
Women
Biasong /
Association
Women
Bogasong /
Association
Women
Cawayan /
Association
Women
Gakat /
Association
Women
Jubas /
Association
Women
Magkasag /
Association
Women
Mayuga /
Association
Women
Nahaong /
Association
Women
Nahulid /
Association
Women
Otikon /
Association
Women
Pangi /
Association
Women
Punta /
Association
Women
Talisay /
Association
Women
Tigbao /
Association
Source: MSWDO, 2024

Across all barangays, Women Associations serve as the primary social welfare organizations.
These associations are consistently present in each community, indicating a strong grassroots
structure for delivering social support.
However, based on the data, the only social service actively provided by these organizations is
Livelihood Assistance. No services are recorded under other key areas such as:
Family Life Education & Counselling
Family Planning Assistance
Day Care Services & Supplemental Feeding
Medical Care
Relief/Rehabilitation
Others (unspecified)
This suggests that while there is a well-established organizational presence in each barangay,
the focus is currently limited to economic support through livelihood programs. There may
be opportunities to expand these organizations’ roles to include other social services for a more
holistic approach to community welfare.

Table 38: NO. OF CLIENTS PER TYPE OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM/SERVICE

Data Total Male % of Female % of

Total Total
CAPITAL ASSISTANCE
1. Persons belonging to below-threshold
families
[Link] belonging to poverty-threshold
but not below food-threshold
[Link] belonging to above-poverty
threshold
[Link] belonging to below-food
threshold families provided Self-
Employment Assistance (SEA)
[Link] belonging to poverty-threshold
but not below food-threshold provided
SEA grants
[Link] belonging to above-poverty
threshold provided SEA grants
[Link] belonging to below-food
threshold families
[Link] belonging to below-threshold
families
[Link] persons belonging to below-
food threshold
[Link] persons belonging to below-
food threshold families provided SEA
capital grants
[Link] with disabilities/special group
 persons belonging to below-food
threshold families
[Link] with disabilities/special group
persons belonging to below-threshold
families provided SEA capital grants
13. Persons belonging to poverty
threshold families but not below family
threshold
PRACTICAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
[Link] belonging to below-food
threshold families who completed
Practical Skills Development Training
15. Persons belonging to below-food
threshold families still undergoing
Practical Development Training
16. Youth belonging to below-food
threshold families who completed
Practical Skills Development Training
17. Elderly persons belonging to below-
food threshold families who completed
Practical Skills Development (PSD)
Training
18. Persons with disabilities/special
group persons belonging to below-food
threshold families who completed
Practical Skills Development Training
19. Persons belonging to poverty
threshold families but not below family
threshold who completed PSD Training
20. Persons belonging to above-poverty
threshold who completed PSD Training
FAMILY WELFARE
21. Solo parents provided special
services
22. Engaged/married given marriage
counselling services
23. Couples assisted on responsible
Parenthood Services
24. Families counselled on
Families/Casework
COMMUNITY WELFARE
25. Persons who participated in
community/group actions
26. Volunteers trained/mobilized for
services
27. Functional community welfare
structures organized
WOMEN WELFARE
28. Women who completed
maternal/child care training
29. Women who completed self-
enhancement skills training
30. Women who completed Community
Participation Skills Development Training
31. Mothers given Nutritional Education
 Sessions
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
32. Pre-school children (0-6 years old)
served in Day Care Centers
33. Moderate and severely underweight
preschoolers provided supplemental
feeding
34. Out-of-school youth trained
35. Street children provided community-
based services
YOUTH DEVELOPMENT & EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE
36. Pre-delinquent youths provided
community-based services
37. Persons who completed training on
disaster management
38. Persons provided food/cash incentive
39. Stranded persons provided
appropriated assistance
40. Persons provided financial/material
assistance
41. Families provided materials/cash for
construction
ELDERLY AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
42. Individuals at-risk assisted in early
detection of and intervention for their
disability situation
43. Persons with disabilities assisted in
acquiring technical aids
44. Elderly who acquired vocational skills
and placed for employment
45. Elderly who actively participate in
family and community activities
46. Elderly enabled to form interest
group and/or self-help organizations
47. PWDs who acquired vocational skills
and placed for employment
48. PWDs who actively participate in
family and community activities
AFTER CARE AND FOLLOW-UP SERVICES
49. Recovered drug dependents
provided care and follow-up services
50. Recovered alcoholics provided care
and follow-up services
AFTER CARE AND FOLLOW-UP SERVICES
51. Released prisoners provided care
and follow-up services
52. Negative hansenites provided care
and follow-up services
53. Improved mental patients discharged
from institutional care provided care and
follow-up services
Source: MSWDO, 2024

NARRATION
3.7 HOUSING

● Housing Units

Table 39: OWNER HOUSEHOLDS IN OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS

BY TENURE STATUS OF HOUSING UNITS AND LOTS, 2024
Tenure of Status of the Housing Unit
Lot and Housing Units No. %
Owned/Being Amortized 1,767 45.65
Rented 2,051 54.35
Being Occupied for Free 383
with Consent of Owner

Being Occupied for Free 53

without Consent of
Owner
Total 4,284 100
Source: CBMS Data, 2024
In the municipality, a total of 4,284 housing units were recorded. Among these, 1,767 units,
or about 45.65%, are owned or being amortized by the occupants. This means nearly half of
the households either fully own their homes or are currently paying for them.
Meanwhile, 2,051 units, or 54.35%, are rented, making it the most common form of housing
tenure in the area.
Additionally, 383 housing units are being occupied for free with the consent of the owner,
while 53 units are occupied without the owner's consent.
These figures show a mix of ownership, rental, and informal living arrangements, highlighting
the need for both affordable housing options and stronger housing security in the municipality.
 Table 40: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TENURE STATUS OF THE HOUSING UNIT,
BY BARANGAY, YEAR 2024

No. of Household in by Tenure Status, by Barangay, Yr. 2024

Own Own
Rent- Rent-
House, House,
free free
rent- rent-
Own house house
BARANGAY Own or owner-like free lot free lot
house Rent house/room, including and lot and lot
possession of the with without
, rent lot with without
house and lot the the
Lot consen consen
consen consen
t of t of
t of t of the
owner owner
owner owner
1. Biasong 54 3 82 4 10 2 -
[Link] 164 3 113 1 4 17 -
3. Cawayan 63 32 109 - - 2 -
4. Gakat 98 2 203 6 17 3 -
5. Jubas 101 11 32 4 6 6 -
6. Magkasag 89 - 105 4 - 11 -
7. Mayuga 104 - 193 4 - 15 -
8. Nahaong 185 3 308 - 9 13 -
9. Nahulid 180 4 174 - 9 9 -
10. Otikon 235 - 80 2 1 27 -
11. Pangi 86 12 70 2 - 4 -
12. Punta 13 7 44 0 1 2 -
13. Talisay 163 1 37 8 4 89 -
14. Tigbao 232 - 38 1 4 157 -
Total 1,767 78 1,588 36 65 357 0
Source: PSA Data 2024
The table presents the number of households by tenure status across 14 barangays for the year 2024. It categorizes households based on
whether they own, rent, or live rent-free in their homes and lots.
Key Observations: A total of 1,767 households reported having ownership or owner-like
possession of both house and lot, making it the most common tenure type. 1,588
households lived in their own house on a rent-free lot with the consent of the owner, the
second most common arrangement. There were 357 households living in rent-free house
and lot with the consent of the owner, indicating significant reliance on informal or family-
based housing support. Renters, including those who rent both house and lot, made up 65
households, while 36 households lived in their own houses but on lots without the owner’s
consent. Only 78 households reported owning their house while renting the lot.
Barangay Observations: Otikon recorded the
Gakat 17 highest number of owner-occupied
Biasong 10 households at 235, while Punta had the
Talisay (Pob.) 8 fewest with only 13. Nahaong had the most
Jubas (Pob.) 4 households living in their own house on rent-
Magkasag 4 free lots with consent (308 households),
Mayuga 4 followed by Gakat with 203. Tigbao had the
highest number of households living in rent-
Otikon 2
free house and lot with consent (157
Pangi 2 households), while most barangays reported
Bogasong 1 very few or none in this category. There were
Tigbao 1 no households in any barangay living rent-
free without the consent of the owner.

Figure 7. BARANGAYS WITH

HOUSEHOLDS WITHOUT ACCESS TO
SECURE TENURE: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024

45.6
41.0

9.1
2.0 1.4 0.8

Figure 7. DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY TENURE STATUS OF

THE HOUSING UNIT AND LOT THEY OCCUPY: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN
LEYTE, 2024
Figure 8. HOUSEHOLDS
WITH ACCESS TO
SECURE TENURE:
LIBAGON
Note:
Households without access to secure tenure are those who lives either in own house,
rent-free but without consent of owner or rent-free house and lot without consent of
owner.
 Table 41: NO. OF BUILDINGS BY CONDITION
OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS IN LIBAGON BY CONDITION (STATE OF REPAIR) OF THE BUILDING
& YEAR BUILT, 2010
Total CONDITION (Sate of Repair) OF THE BUILDING
Occupied Needs No Needs Under
Year Built Dilapidated/ Under Unfinished Not Not
Housing Repair/Minor Major Renovation/Be
Condemned Construction Construction Applicable Reported
Unit Repair Repair ing Repaired
2010 65 28 2 3 4 16 11 - 1
2009 160 83 14 1 7 20 34 - 1
2008 133 84 21 2 2 6 17 - 1
2007 126 83 18 2 1 7 15 - -
2006 161 97 26 1 10 7 19 - 1
2001-2005 653 423 103 4 13 22 87 - 1
1991-2000 813 566 114 6 13 11 98 - 5
1981-1990 467 346 74 2 8 3 29 - 5
1971-1980 221 163 26 1 7 3 21 - -
1970 or 250 178 53 - 9 2 8 - -
earlier
Not 4 - - - - - - 4 -
Applicable
Don’t 108 85 19 - 1 - 3 - -
Know/Not
Reported
TOTAL 3,161 2,136 470 22 75 97 342 4 15
Source: PSA, 2022

The data on the condition of occupied housing units, categorized by the year built, highlights several trends. For housing units constructed in
recent years, the majority are in relatively good condition, with the year 2010 showing 28 units needing no repair or only minor repairs out of 65
total units. Older housing units, such as those built between 2001 and 2005, reflect a similar trend with 423 units in good condition out of 653
total units. However, as the age of the housing units increases, the condition tends to decline.
For instance, housing units built between 1991 and 2000 show 114 units in need of major
repairs out of 813 total units. Additionally, there are instances of dilapidated or condemned
units, though these are relatively rare. of units under renovation or construction is modest,
indicating ongoing efforts to improve housing conditions. The number category "Not Applicable"
includes units not reported or classified, which accounts for a small portion of the data. Overall,
while many units are in good condition or undergoing repairs, there is a noticeable need for
major repairs in older housing units.

3.8 Toilet Facilities

Table 42: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES

NUMBER TYPE OF TOILET FACILITIES
Improved Improved Improved
sanitation Improved sanitation sanitation
facility - sanitation facility - facility - Unimproved
BARANGAY flush/pour facility - flush/pour flush/pour sanitation Open
flush to flush/pour flush to flush to facility - defecation
piped flush to pit somewhere don't public toilet
septic latrine else / open know
tank drain where
Biasong 152 1 - - - -
Bogasong 301 1 - - - -
Cawayan 202 4 - - - -
Gakat 305 16 1 - - -
Jubas 160 - - - - -
Magkasag 209 - - - - -
Mayuga 315 1 - - - -
Nahaong 412 101 - - - -
Nahulid 367 16 - - - -
Otikon 325 - - - - -
Pangi 168 1 - - - -
Punta 65 2 - - - -
Talisay 297 5 - - - -
Tigbao 428 1 0 1 2 -
TOTAL 4,006 149 1 1 2 -
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

Figure 9. DISTRIBUTION OF
HOUSEHOLDS BY SERVICE LEVEL OF
TOILET FACILITY: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024
Figure 10. BARANGAYS WITH 5
HOUSEHOLDS PRACTICING OPEN
DEFECATION: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024 3 3

Gakat Pangi Nahulid Nahaong

Out of a total of 4,159 reported toilet facilities, the vast majority fall under the category of
improved sanitation. Specifically:
4,006 facilities are flush or pour-flush toilets connected to a piped septic tank,
making up over 96% of all reported toilets — indicating a strong presence of proper
sanitation systems.
149 toilets are also improved facilities but are connected to pit latrines.
Only 1 unit is connected to an open drain, and 1 unit is connected to an unknown
destination, which still fall under improved sanitation but may need closer monitoring.
Only 2 public toilets were reported, categorized as unimproved sanitation facilities.
Notably, no cases of open defecation were recorded across all barangays, which is a
strong indicator of universal access to some form of toilet facility.
At the barangay level:
Tigbao has the highest number of toilet facilities (432 total), mostly improved, but
also includes 1 connected to an unknown destination and 2 unimproved public toilets.
Nahaong follows with 513 improved units, including a large number (101) using pit
latrines — the highest for that type.
Other barangays like Otikon (325), Mayuga (316), and Gakat (322) also report high
numbers of improved toilets.
Smaller barangays such as Punta (67) and Biasong (153) report lower total counts, but
still reflect full access to improved sanitation.
Across all barangays, the data reflects a generally well-developed sanitation infrastructure,
with most households using flush or pour-flush toilets connected to septic tanks. The
absence of open defecation and minimal use of unimproved facilities highlights effective
sanitation practices and infrastructure in place throughout the community.
3.9 Water Supply Facilities

Table 43: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER,

BY BARANGAY, YEAR 2024
NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN SOURCE OF DRINKING
WATER
BARANGAY Level I Level II Level III Peddler
(Rain collector, (Communal (Waterworks
Wells & Spring) faucet systems) system)
Biasong 131 5 9 8
Bogasong 145 6 39 112
Cawayan 88 3 76 39
Gakat 1 30 23 130
Jubas (Pob) 64 - 8 88
Magkasag 15 27 112 52
Mayuga 23 26 239 28
Nahaong 70 51 120 277
Nahulid 2 29 303 52
Otikon 18 3 46 250
Pangi - 65 65 42
Punta 1 3 8 55
Talisay 88 16 25 168
Tigbao 141 104 50 137
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA
The table shows the number of households by their main source of drinking water across
14 barangays. Drinking water sources are categorized into four types:
90.9 ● Level I (Rain, Wells, Springs): The
highest number of users was in Tigbao
(141 households) and Bogasong (145
households). Somebarangays, like Pangi,
had no households relying on Level I
sources.
● Level II (Communal Faucets): Most
commonly used in Tigbao (104
households) and Nahaong (51
6.2
0.9 2.0 households). Jubas reported no use of
communal faucet systems.
● Level III (Waterworks System):
r
t

rs
ng

lo

bo

he
li

/p

gh
el

Ot

Nahulid (303 households) had the most

rd
dw

ei
ya

/n
to

access to Level III water, followed by

to

er
in

in

dl
d

ed
d

Mayuga (239) and Magkasag (112). This

pe

pe

/p
Pi

Pi

ck

suggests stronger piped water

tru
er

infrastructure in these barangays.

nk
Ta

● Water Peddlers: A significant number of

households rely on water vendors,
Figure 11. DISTRIBUTION OF especially in Nahaong (277), Otikon
HOUSEHOLDS BY MAIN SOURCE OF (250), and Tigbao (137). Even
WATER SUPPLY: LIBAGON, barangays with Level III access, like
SOUTHERN LEYTE, 2024 Otikon and Gakat, still show high
dependence on peddlers, possibly
indicating supply issues or cost barriers
with piped systems.
 Nahaong 32
Cawayan 19
Otikon 7
Gakat 5
Bogasong 3
Mayuga 2
Nahulid 2
Tigbao 2
Punta 1

Figure 12. DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH UNIMPROVED WATER

SERVICE: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024

Figure 13. DISTRIBUTION OF

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE OF SOURCE OF
DRINKING WATER: Libagon, Southern, Cawayan 88
2024
37.0 Bogasong 80
32.5
Nahaong 59

Talisay (Pob.) 53

Tigbao 44
11.5
6.6 6.4 Otikon 9
5.9

Biasong 1
rs
to tion

t
pe ted g
ya ing
Un ecte ling

lo
ec prin

he
/p

Figure 14. DISTRIBUTION OF

r
ot wel

sp
ta

Ot
s

rd
pe ng s

d
d

HOUSEHOLDS WITH UNIMPROVED

li

to
in
fil

DRINKING WATER SERVICE:

ot
re

d
Pr

pr
er

LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024

Pi

Pi
at
W
 PROPORTION OF HOUSEGOLD

Figure 15 HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO BASIC DRINKING WATER SERVICE:

LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024 & 2022

3.10 Lighting Facilities

Table 44: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS BY KIND OF FUEL USED FOR LIGHTING,

BY BARANGAY: YEAR 2022
NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS BY KIND OF FUEL USED FOR LIGHTING
BARANGAY Electricity kerosene Liquefied Oil Others
Petroleum
Gas
Libagon 3,318 125 17 6 264
Biasong 125 12 - - 1
Bogasong 254 18 2 - 22
Cawayan 177 - - - 1
Gakat 293 17 - - 12
Jubas (Pob) 145 1 1 1 2
Magkasag 165 16 - - -
Mayuga 288 16 - - 6
Nahaong 417 1 3 - 21
Nahulid 348 1 3 4 22
Otikon 275 5 2 - 17
Pangi 142 1 - - 23
Punta 50 1 - - 3
Talisay 263 9 8 - 15
(Pob)
Tigbao 376 9 - 1 56
Source: 2022 CBMS, PSA

The data on fuel used for lighting across various barangays shows that electricity is the
dominant source of lighting for most households, with Libagon having the highest number
(3,318 households) using electricity. Other barangays, such as Tigbao, Nahaong, and Nahulid,
also have significant reliance on electricity for lighting.

Kerosene is the second most common

source of lighting, used in smaller quantities
across all barangays. Libagon (125
households) and Gakat (17 households)
have the highest number of kerosene users.
Meanwhile, the use of liquefied petroleum
gas (LPG) is minimal, with only a few
households in Nahaong, Talisay, and
Nahulid opting for this fuel.
Other sources, such as oil and unspecified fuels, are rarely used. Libagon, Pangi, and Tigbao
show higher numbers in the "others" category, indicating possible reliance on unconventional
or less common fuel sources in these areas. Overall, electricity remains the primary choice,
while kerosene is still used as an alternative by a few households.

Figure 17. HOUSEHOLD WITH ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY: LIBAGON,

SOUTHERN, 2024 & 2022

3.11 Communications/Internet Connection

Table 45: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH ACCESS TO INTERNET CONNECTION

BY BARANGAY: YEAR 2024

BARANGAY Frequency Percentage

With With Without With With Without
access access access access access access
 to to to to to to
internet internet internet internet interne internet
and but with t but
with does own does
own not internet mot
internet own own
Libagon 2,488 586 797 64.27 15.14 20.59
Biasong 129 0 24 84.31 0.00 15.69
Bogasong 281 0 21 93.05 0.00 6.95
Cawayan 190 2 14 92.23 0.97 6.80
Gakat 181 45 97 56.04 13.93 30.03
Jubas (Pob) 143 0 17 89.38 0.00 10.63
Magkasag 119 66 24 54.94 31.58 11.48
Mayuga 186 29 101 58.86 9.18 31.96
Nahaong 285 132 101 55.02 25.48 19.50
Nahulid 309 27 50 80.05 6.99 12.95
Otikon 166 137 22 51.08 42.15 6.77
Pangi 138 3 31 80.23 1.74 18.02
Punta 25 22 20 37.31 32.84 29.85
Talisay 143 58 101 47.35 19.21 33.44
(Pob)
Tigbao 193 65 174 44.68 15.05 40.28
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

Figure 18. PROPORTION OF

HOUSEHOLD WITH ACCESS TO
INTERNET: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024
 Figure 13. HOUSEHOLD WITH ACCESS TO INTERNET: LIBAGON,
SOUTHERN, 2024 & 2022

3.12 Clean Fuel

Table 46: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS WITH RELIANCE TO CLEAN FUEL

BY BARANGAY: YEAR 2024

BARANGAY
Frequency Percentage
Using clean Not using Using clean Not using
fuel clean fuels fuels or clean fuels
technology
Libagon 1,326 2,545 34.25 65.75
Biasong 54 99 35.29 64.71
Bogasong 125 177 41.39 58.61
Cawayan 98 108 47.57 52.43
Gakat 110 213 34.06 65.94
Jubas (Pob) 103 57 64.38 35.63
Magkasag 32 177 15.31 84.69
Mayuga 48 268 15.19 84.81
Nahaong 101 417 19.50 80.50
Nahulid 106 280 27.46 72.54
Otikon 113 212 34.77 65.23
Pangi 51 121 29.65 70.35
Punta 10 57 14.93 85.07
Talisay 204 98 67.55 32.45
 (Pob)
Tigbao 171 261 39.58 60.42
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

OF
TO CLEAN
N, 2024

9. HOUSEHOLD WITH RELIANCE TO CLEAN FUEL: LIBAGON,

SOUTHERN, 2024 & 2022
3.13 Garbage Collection

Table 47 Waste Collection per Barangay

BARANGAY
Frequency Percentage
Libagon 13 0 92.86 7.14
Biasong 1 1 100.00 0.00
Bogasong 0 0 0.00 100.00
Cawayan 1 0 100.00 0.00
Gakat 1 0 100.00 0.00
Jubas (Pob) 1 0 100.00 0.00
Magkasag 1 0 100.00 0.00
Mayuga 1 0 100.00 0.00
Nahaong 1 0 100.00 0.00
Nahulid 1 0 100.00 0.00
Otikon 1 0 100.00 0.00
Pangi 1 0 100.00 0.00
Punta 1 0 100.00 0.00
Talisay 1 0 100.00 0.00
(Pob)
Tigbao 1 0 100.00 0.00
Source: 2024 CBMS PSA
The data shows the frequency and percentage distribution of a certain outcome across
barangays in Libagon.
The municipality as a whole recorded 13 cases in the main category, making up
92.86%, while only 1 case (7.14%) fell into another category.
Most barangays, including Cawayan, Gakat, Jubas, Magkasag, Mayuga, Nahaong,
Nahulid, Otikon, Pangi, Punta, Talisay, and Tigbao, each had 1 case, all showing
100% in the main category.
Biasong had 2 cases, both in the main category.
Bogasong stands out as the only barangay with no cases in the main category and 100%
in the other.
In summary, the results show that nearly all barangays reported 100% in the main category,
with Bogasong as the only exception.
 92.9%
OF BARANGAYS HAVE AVAILABLE GARBAGE COLLECTION SERVICES

100.0%
OF BARANGAYS HAVE AVAILABLE CELLPHONE NETWORK SIGNAL
3.14 SUMMARY

Housing Facilities and Utilities

Table 48: SUMMARY OF HOUSING FACILITIES AND UTILITIES

TYPE OF FACILITIES/UTILITIES

BARANGAY Water Supply Power Water-Sealed Garbage Collection

Toilets System
No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of
HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs HHs
Serves Unserved Serves Unserved Serves Unserved Serves Unserved
Libagon 3,871 - 3,690 181 3,859 12 13 1
Biasong 153 - 130 23 153 - 1 -
Bogasong 302 - 285 17 302 - 0 1
Cawayan 206 - 198 8 206 - 1 -
Gakat 323 - 310 13 322 1 1 -
Jubas (Pob) 160 - 157 3 160 - 1 -
Magkasag 209 - 197 12 209 - 1 --
Mayuga 316 - 309 7 315 - 1 -
Nahaong 518 - 494 24 513 5 1 -
Nahulid 386 - 361 25 383 3 1 -
Otikon 325 - 312 13 325 - 1 -
Pangi 172 - 162 10 169 3 1 -
Punta 62 - 63 4 65 - 1 -
Talisay 302 - 290 12 297 - 1 -
(Pob)
Tigbao 432 - 422 10 428 - 1 -
Source: 2024 CBMS, PSA

3.15 Informal Settlements Areas

Table 49: INFORMAL SETTLEMENT AREAS 2024

Own or owner-
Rent Free
like
House and Lot Total Informal
possession of
Barangays Total without Settlers
the house and
consent
lot
Libagon 3,871 1,723 5 2,008
Biasong 153 54 10 103
Bogasong 302 285 1 16
Cawayan 206 65 0 141
Gakat 323 98 17 208
Jubas (Pob.) 160 101 4 55
Magkasag 209 89 4 116
Mayuga 316 104 4 208
Nahaong 518 185 0 333
Nahulid 386 180 0 206
Otikon 325 235 2 88
Pangi 172 86 2 84
 Punta 67 13 0 54
Talisay (Pob.) 302 163 8 131
Tigbao 432 232 1 199
Source:CBMS 2024

In 2024, data from 14 barangays showed the status of households in terms of land tenure and
informal settlement. Across the municipality, there are a total of 3,871 informal settlers, with
significant differences from one barangay to another. Barangay Libagon recorded the highest
number of informal settlers at 2,008, which is more than half of the total informal settler
population in the municipality. This makes Libagon a key area of concern when it comes to
housing security. Other barangays with notably high numbers of informal settlers include
Nahaong, which has 333 informal settlers, and both Gakat and Mayuga, each with 208.
Nahulid follows closely with 206 informal settlers, while Tigbao has 199. On the other hand,
some barangays recorded much lower numbers. For instance, Punta reported only 54 informal
settlers, and Bogasong had just 16. Cawayan, with 141 informal settlers, is notable because it
reported no households living rent-free without the owner's consent. This suggests that
informal settlement there may be more about lacking secure tenure rather than unauthorized
occupancy. Households living rent-free without the owner’s consent—considered one of the
most vulnerable forms of informal settlement—were found in most barangays but in relatively
small numbers. The highest of these cases was in Gakat, with 17 households, followed by
Talisay with 8, and Mayuga with 4. In contrast, some barangays like Nahaong, Nahulid, and
Cawayan recorded zero cases of this kind of unauthorized occupancy. Meanwhile, many
households across barangays reported owning or having owner-like possession of their
house and lot. For instance, Bogasong had 285 such households out of 302, and Otikon
had 235 out of 325, indicating better housing security in those areas. Overall, while some
communities show relatively stable housing conditions, the data reveals a significant
presence of informal settlers, particularly in Libagon and several other barangays. This
highlights the need for affordable housing programs, regularization of tenure, and
improved access to legal housing arrangements to address informal settlement issues
effectively.
Table 50: NUMBER OF DISPLACED UNITS, BY BARANGAY, YEAR 2024

1. Families /HHs in danger/hazardous areas Sex of HH Head Target Year of

Relocation/Implementation

Type of Location Land No. Of No. Of No. Of

Danger/Ha Owner Families Males Female
zard of /HHs s
(Flood, occupied
landslide, lot
etc.

Flood Gakat Private 162 113 49 2028-2031

Nahaong Private 9 6 3 2030-2031

Nahulid Private 159 111 48 2030-2031

 Otikon Private 110 77 33 2029-2030

Bogasong Private 53 37 16 2028-2029

Talisay Private 22 15 7 2027-2028

Jubas Private 11 8 3 2027-2028

Biasong Private 18 13 5 2027-2028

Cawayan Private 44 31 13 2025

Magkasag Private 41 29 12 2024-2026

Punta Private 6 4 2 2024-2026

Landslide Gakat Private 16 11 5 2028-2031

Nahulid Private 13 9 4 2030-2031

Otikon Private 51 36 15 2029-2030

Cawayan Private 46 32 14 2025

Mayuga Private 158 111 47 2027-2028

Magkasag Private 143 100 43 2024-2026

Punta Private 37 26 11 2024-2026

Storm Gakat Govt. 101 71 30 2028-2031
Surge

Nahaong Govt. 128 90 38 2030-2031

Nahulid Govt. 64 45 19 2030-2031

Pangi Govt. 34 24 10 2029-2030

Otikon Govt. 111 78 33 2029-2030

Tigbao Govt. 123 86 37 2028-2029

Bogasong Govt. 17 12 5 2028-2029

Talisay Govt. 71 50 21 2027-2028

Jubas Govt. 41 29 12 2027-2028

Biasong Govt. 24 17 7 2027-2028

Cawayan Govt. 80 56 24 2025

Mayuga Govt. 66 46 20 2027-2028

Magkasag Govt. 119 83 36 2024

Punta Govt. 30 21 9 2024

Total 2,108 1,477 631

Source: MDRRMO 2024

The Municipality of Libagon has identified a total of 2,108 families (households) residing
in areas considered hazard-prone, including zones vulnerable to flooding, landslides,
and storm surges. The data reflects both the type of hazard and the target years for
relocation or mitigation from 2024 to 2031, based on the severity of risks and
prioritization of affected barangays.

1. Households Exposed to Flood Hazards

Flood-prone communities are mainly located in low-lying barangays where private

lands are often used for residential and farming purposes. These areas are highly
susceptible to heavy rainfall and overflowing rivers during monsoon seasons.

Barangay Gakat has the highest number of affected families, with 162
households (113 male and 49 female household heads), targeted for relocation
between 2028 and 2031.

Barangay Nahulid follows with 159 families (111 male, 48 female), scheduled for
2030–2031.

Other affected barangays include Otikon (110 families, 2029–2030), Bogasong

(53 families, 2028–2029), Talisay (22 families, 2027–2028), Jubas (11 families,
2027–2028), Biasong (18 families, 2027–2028), Cawayan (44 families, 2025),
Magkasag (41 families, 2024–2026), and Punta (6 families, 2024–2026).

Total Flood-Affected Families: 625 households

All flood-affected households currently occupy privately owned lands and are planned
for phased relocation based on hazard severity and land acquisition readiness.

2. Households Exposed to Landslide Hazards

Landslide-prone areas are concentrated in upland barangays where steep slopes,

unstable soils, and heavy rainfall contribute to soil erosion and ground movement risks.

● Barangay Mayuga records the highest number of affected families, with 158
households (111 male, 47 female heads), targeted for 2027–2028 relocation.

● Barangay Magkasag follows with 143 households (100 male, 43 female),

scheduled for 2024–2026.

● Other high-risk barangays include Otikon (51 families, 2029–2030), Cawayan

(46 families, 2025), Punta (37 families, 2024–2026), Gakat (16 families, 2028–
2031), and Nahulid (13 families, 2030–2031).

Total Landslide-Affected Families: 464 households

 ● These families also occupy privately owned properties, indicating the need for
strong collaboration between local government and landowners for safe relocation and
land acquisition for resettlement.

3. Households Exposed to Storm Surge Hazards

Coastal barangays of Libagon face high vulnerability to storm surges and coastal
flooding, particularly during typhoon events and extreme weather conditions.

● Barangay Nahaong has the highest number of affected families, with 128
households (90 male, 38 female heads), followed by Magkasag (119 families,
2024), Tigbao (123 families, 2028–2029), and Gakat (101 families, 2028–2031).

Other barangays significantly affected include Otikon (111 families, 2029–2030),

Cawayan (80 families, 2025), Nahulid (64 families, 2030–2031), Talisay (71
families, 2027–2028), Mayuga (66 families, 2027–2028), Jubas (41 families, 2027–
2028), Pangi (34 families, 2029–2030), Bogasong (17 families, 2028–2029),
Biasong (24 families, 2027–2028), and Punta (30 families, 2024).

Total Storm Surge-Affected Families: 1,019 households

Table 51: INVENTORY OF RESETTLEMENT AREAS, YEAR 2024

1. Families /HHs in danger/hazardous areas Sex of HH Head Target Year of

Relocation/Implementation

Type of Location Land No. Of No. Of No. Of

Danger/Ha Owner of Families Males Female
zard occupied /HHs s
(Flood, lot
landslide,
etc.

Flood Gakat Private 162 113 49 2028-2031

Nahaong Private 9 6 3 2030-2031

Nahulid Private 159 111 48 2030-2031

Otikon Private 110 77 33 2029-2030

Bogasong Private 53 37 16 2028-2029

 Talisay Private 22 15 7 2027-2028

Jubas Private 11 8 3 2027-2028

Biasong Private 18 13 5 2027-2028

Cawayan Private 44 31 13 2025

Magkasag Private 41 29 12 2024-2026

Punta Private 6 4 2 2024-2026

Landslide Gakat Private 16 11 5 2028-2031

Nahulid Private 13 9 4 2030-2031

Otikon Private 51 36 15 2029-2030

Cawayan Private 46 32 14 2025

Mayuga Private 158 111 47 2027-2028

Magkasag Private 143 100 43 2024-2026

Punta Private 37 26 11 2024-2026

Storm Gakat Govt. 101 71 30 2028-2031

Surge

Nahaong Govt. 128 90 38 2030-2031

 Nahulid Govt. 64 45 19 2030-2031

Pangi Govt. 34 24 10 2029-2030

Otikon Govt. 111 78 33 2029-2030

Tigbao Govt. 123 86 37 2028-2029

Bogasong Govt. 17 12 5 2028-2029

Talisay Govt. 71 50 21 2027-2028

Jubas Govt. 41 29 12 2027-2028

Biasong Govt. 24 17 7 2027-2028

Cawayan Govt. 80 56 24 2025

Mayuga Govt. 66 46 20 2027-2028

Magkasag Govt. 119 83 36 2024

Punta Govt. 30 21 9 2024

Total 2,108 1,477 631

Source: MDRRMO, 2024

The Municipality of Libagon has identified a total of 2,108 families (households) residing
in areas considered hazard-prone, including zones vulnerable to flooding, landslides,
and storm surges. The data reflects both the type of hazard and the target years for
relocation or mitigation from 2024 to 2031, based on the severity of risks and
prioritization of affected barangays.

1. Households Exposed to Flood Hazards

Flood-prone communities are mainly located in low-lying barangays where private

lands are often used for residential and farming purposes. These areas are highly
susceptible to heavy rainfall and overflowing rivers during monsoon seasons.

Barangay Gakat has the highest number of affected families, with 162
households (113 male and 49 female household heads), targeted for relocation
between 2028 and 2031.

Barangay Nahulid follows with 159 families (111 male, 48 female), scheduled for
2030–2031.

Other affected barangays include Otikon (110 families, 2029–2030), Bogasong

(53 families, 2028–2029), Talisay (22 families, 2027–2028), Jubas (11 families,
2027–2028), Biasong (18 families, 2027–2028), Cawayan (44 families, 2025),
Magkasag (41 families, 2024–2026), and Punta (6 families, 2024–2026).

Total Flood-Affected Families: 625 households

All flood-affected households currently occupy privately owned lands and are planned
for phased relocation based on hazard severity and land acquisition readiness.

2. Households Exposed to Landslide Hazards

Landslide-prone areas are concentrated in upland barangays where steep slopes,

unstable soils, and heavy rainfall contribute to soil erosion and ground movement risks.

● Barangay Mayuga records the highest number of affected families, with 158
households (111 male, 47 female heads), targeted for 2027–2028 relocation.

● Barangay Magkasag follows with 143 households (100 male, 43 female),

scheduled for 2024–2026.

● Other high-risk barangays include Otikon (51 families, 2029–2030), Cawayan

(46 families, 2025), Punta (37 families, 2024–2026), Gakat (16 families, 2028–
2031), and Nahulid (13 families, 2030–2031).

Total Landslide-Affected Families: 464 households

● These families also occupy privately owned properties, indicating the need for
strong collaboration between local government and landowners for safe relocation and
land acquisition for resettlement.

3. Households Exposed to Storm Surge Hazards

Coastal barangays of Libagon face high vulnerability to storm surges and coastal
flooding, particularly during typhoon events and extreme weather conditions.
● Barangay Nahaong has the highest number of affected families, with 128
households (90 male, 38 female heads), followed by Magkasag (119 families,
2024), Tigbao (123 families, 2028–2029), and Gakat (101 families, 2028–2031).

Other barangays significantly affected include Otikon (111 families, 2029–2030),

Cawayan (80 families, 2025), Nahulid (64 families, 2030–2031), Talisay (71
families, 2027–2028), Mayuga (66 families, 2027–2028), Jubas (41 families, 2027–
2028), Pangi (34 families, 2029–2030), Bogasong (17 families, 2028–2029),
Biasong (24 families, 2027–2028), and Punta (30 families, 2024).

Total Storm Surge-Affected Families: 1,019 households

3.16 Inventory of Potential Lands for Housing
Table 52: INVENTORY OF POTENTIAL LANDS FOR HOUSING
REMARKS Potable Sewerage Primary
Actual Zoning Marginal
TCT Area (in (SUITABILIT Water if and Waste Roads an
Owner Location land Classificatio Agricultura Power
Number ha) Y available Disposal Transporta
Use n l Land
CONDITION) or not Facilities on Facilitie
Logrono, 798 Talisay 0.9395 Agri Residential Suitable for
Maximina acquisition
Remandab 664 Talisay 0.1849 Agri Residential Suitable for
an, acquisition
Eufrocino
Taganas, 270 Jubas 1.4773 Agri Residential Suitable for
Narciso acquisition
Logrono, 126 Jubas 0.4241 Agri Residential Suitable for
Maximina acquisition
Tagud, 2363 Otikon 4.5887 Agri Agricultural Suitable for
Irenea acquisition
Roa, 2318 Otikon 6.3833 Agri Agricultural Suitable for
Servillano acquisition
Penaredon 3642 Nahaong 2.1256 Agri Agricultural Suitable for
do, Edgar acquisition
Loy-a, 2247 Otikon 1.9348 Agri Agricultural Suitable for
Geliciano acquisition

Source: LGU-MASSO, 2024

Legend:
o Column 1 – Name of Barangay where Potential Land for Housing is Located
o Column 2 – Name of Owner of Land and Proof of Ownership, e.g. OCT/TCT
o Column 3 – UD/VL – Underdeveloped and Vacant Land
o Column 4 – UR/AL – Unregistered or abandoned Lands
o Column 5 – G – Government-owned
o Column 6 – LOZ BUA – Lands Outside Zoned Built-up Areas
o Column 7 – APR/ZIP/SIRP/IF – Area for Priority Development/ Slum Improvement & Resettlement Program/ Infromal Settler
o Column 8 – MAL – Marginal Agricultural Land
o Column 9 – May be one of the following based on ocular inspection:
● R – Residential
● C – Commercial
● IND – Industrial
● INS – Institutional
● OS – Open Space
● Agricultural
● Forest
o Column 10 – May be obtained from the Local Assessor’s Office
o Column 11 – May be obtained from the Local Zoning Office/ Zoning Ordinance
o Column 12 – W – Potable Water (Put a ✔ if available and x if not available)
o Column 13 – PWR – Power or Electricity (Put a ✔ if available and x if not available)
o Column 14 – SW/WD – Sewerage and Waste Disposal Facilities (Put a ✔ if available and x if not available)
o Column 15 – ARP&T – Access to Primary Roads and Transportation Facilities (Put a ✔ if available and x if not available)
3.17 Public Order and Safety
Table 53: CRIME INCIDENCE PER 100,000 POPULATION,
YEAR 2014 TO YEAR 2024

Year Total Index Crimes Non-index Crimes

2014 14.4 3.3 11.2
2015 30.8 3.3 27.6
2016 18.4 1.3 17.1
2017 11.8 2.0 9.8
2018 25.6 2.6 23.0
2019 17.1 1.3 15.7
2020 8.5 0.0 8.5
2021 22.3 4.6 17.7
2022 21.6 1.3 20.3
2023 13.1 3.9 9.2
2024 297.29 24.77 272.51
Source: Libagon MPS, 2024
Over the past decade, the rhythm of crime in this community has ebbed and flowed sometimes
with quiet lulls, and other times with sudden surges that shook the local sense of safety. In
2014, things were relatively calm. There were 14.4 total reported crimes per whatever unit is
being measured (likely per 100,000 population or similar), with 3.3 index crimes — the serious
offenses like murder, rape, robbery, and serious assault — and the rest being non-index
crimes, the more everyday violations like petty theft and vandalism. Then came 2015, and with
it, a sharp spike. Total crimes more than doubled to 30.8, almost entirely driven by non-index
crimes, which soared to 27.6. It was as if something in the air changed — perhaps economic
strain, or lapses in enforcement — but whatever the cause, the streets felt busier with trouble.
In 2016, a dramatic drop offered some relief. Index crimes fell to just 1.3, one of the lowest on
record, and the overall number dropped to 18.4. Still high, but the trend was hopeful. By 2017,
the downward momentum continued: 11.8 total crimes, with a modest 2.0 index crimes.
Things were looking up. But the calm didn’t last. 2018 saw another jump — 25.6 total crimes,
again largely fueled by non-index crimes. It was a reminder that while the big crimes often
make the headlines, it’s the small, persistent ones that quietly wear down community trust.
2019 brought the number down again, to 17.1, and then 2020 — marked worldwide by the
pandemic — registered a near-ghostly silence in crime statistics. Zero index crimes were
reported that year, and only 8.5 total. Lock-downs and movement restrictions likely played a
role, but it was a year unlike any other. In 2021, as the world began reopening, so did the
opportunity for crime. The total jumped to 22.3, with 4.6 index crimes — the highest in several
years. By 2022, the situation had stabilized somewhat at 21.6 total crimes, though index
crimes dipped again to 1.3. 2023 saw further improvement: 13.1 total, 3.9 of them index
crimes. Still concerning, but manageable — familiar. Then came 2024 a staggering 297.29
total crimes were recorded — a number more than ten times higher than most previous
years. Index crimes hit 24.77, a spike not seen in the entire decade, and non-index crimes
exploded to [Link] this dramatic surge is due to changes in reporting, population
shifts, a societal shock, or a breakdown in policing or public systems, the data is clear: 2024
marked a crisis. It wasn’t just a bad year — it was a watershed moment, and one that
demands attention, analysis, and action.
 Table 54: NUMBER OF RAIDS AND PERSONS ARRESTED
ON DRUG INCIDENTS, YEAR 2024
Year Raids Persons Arrested
No Raids and No person arrested on Drug Incidence
Source: PNP 2024

For the year under review, there were no raids conducted and no persons arrested in connection
with drug-related incidents.
Table 55: CRIME INCIDENCE BY BARANGAY, BY TYPE, BY SEX OF OFFENDER
FOR THE Last Three Years Year 2023 to Year 2024 , First Sem of 2024

2023 2024 2025(1ST SEM)

Barangay Types of Crime
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Biasong Child Abuse Ra 7610 1
Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
VAWC- Ra 9262 1
Rape 1
Bogasong Child Abuse Ra 7610 1
RIR Homicide 2
RIR PI & Damage To Property 2
Theft/Qualified Theft 1 1
VAWC - Ra 9262 1
Land Transportation and Traffic Code Ra 4136
Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Physical Injury 1
VAWC - RA 926 1
Cawayan RIR Physical Injury
Cybercrime Prevention Act 1
Gakat Coconut Preservation Act Ra 8048
Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
RIR Physical Injury 1
Robbery 1
Child Abuse Ra 7610 1 1
Murder 1
Frustrated Murder 1
Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Homicide 1
Jubas Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
Rape 1
Robbery 1
Magkasag VAWC - Ra 9262 1
RIR Damage To Property 1
Mayuga RIR Physical Injury 1
Physical Injury 1
 2023 2024 2025(1ST SEM)
Barangay Types of Crime
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Homicide 1
Rape 1
Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Physical injury & 1
Damage to Property
Reckless Imprudence Resulting to Physical Injury 1
Nahaong VAWC - Ra 9262 1
Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
Child Abuse Ra 7610 2
RIR Damage To Property 1
RIR Physical Injury 1 1
Rape 1
Slander 1
Malicious Mischief 1
Grave Threats 1
Murder 1
Nahulid Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
Comprehensive Dangerous Act Of 2002
Murder 1
Otikon VAWC - Ra 9262 1
Malicious Mischief 1
Robbery 1
Illegal Possession, Manufacture, Acquisition Of Firearms, 1
Ammunition Or Explosives
Ra 4136
Pangi RIR Damage To Property 1
Acts Of Lasciviousness 1
Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Physical Injury 2
Reckless Imprudence Resulting Physical Injury & 1
Damage to Property
Punta Land Transportation And Traffic Code Ra 4136
Child Abuse Ra 7610 1
Talisay Light Threats 1
 2023 2024 2025(1ST SEM)
Barangay Types of Crime
Male Female Male Female Male Female
Acts Of Lasciviousness 1
VAWC - Ra 9262 1
RIR Homicide 1
Tigbao Land Transportation and Traffic Code Ra 4136
Murder 1
RIR Physical Injury 1
Coconut Preservation Act Ra 8048
RIR Multiple Physical Injury 1 2
Rape 1 1
Reckless Imprudence Resulting Damage to Property 1
Grave Threats 1
Source: Philippine National Police, 2024- First Sem of 2025

Across the various barangays, a range of crimes were reported over the past three years. Below is a summary highlighting key patterns and
significant observations:
Crime Trends
Biasong reported cases related to Child Abuse (RA 7610) and VAWC (RA 9262) in 2024, and a rape case involving a female victim in
the first half of 2025.
Bogasong saw several incidents in 2024, including:
2 RIR Homicide cases (male),
2 cases of RIR Physical Injury & Damage to Property (male),
Theft/Qualified Theft across 2024 and 2025 (affecting both genders),
A rise in VAWC (RA 9262) cases, with one more in 2025 (female victim),
A Reckless Imprudence case in 2025 (male),
One Child Abuse case in 2024 (female).
Cawayan reported minor cases, including one under the Cybercrime Prevention Act in 2024 (female).
Gakat had notable incidents including:
Murder, Frustrated Murder, and Robbery in 2023 (male victims),
A Reckless Imprudence Resulting in Homicide case in 2025 (male),
Child Abuse cases in both 2023 and 2025 involving female victims.
Jubas reported Rape and Robbery in 2024 (female victims).
Magkasag recorded incidents of:
VAWC and Damage to Property in 2024,
Several cases of Reckless Imprudence in 2025.
Mayuga had multiple violent crimes:
Homicide, Physical Injury, and Rape from 2023–2024,
Two Reckless Imprudence cases in 2025.
Nahaong displayed a range of incidents:
Several Child Abuse and Rape cases in 2024 and 2025 (female victims),
VAWC, Slander, Grave Threats, and Malicious Mischief cases,
A Murder case in 2023.
Nahulid recorded one Murder case in 2023.
Otikon had cases of Robbery, VAWC, and Illegal Possession of Firearms in 2023–2024.
Pangi showed increasing trends in Reckless Imprudence, including a combined Physical Injury & Damage to Property case in 2025.
Punta had a single Child Abuse case in 2024 (female victim).
Talisay had minor yet notable crimes, including Acts of Lasciviousness, VAWC, Light Threats, and Homicide in 2023–2024.
Tigbao emerged as one of the barangays with a concentration of violent crimes:
Murder, Rape, RIR Physical Injury, and Grave Threats reported from 2023 through 2025.
Notably, two rape cases involving female victims were recorded — one in 2024 and another in 2025.
Gender Distribution of Victims
Crimes such as VAWC, Rape, Acts of Lasciviousness, and Child Abuse predominantly involved female victims.
Crimes involving Reckless Imprudence, Murder, and Damage to Property were more frequently associated with male victims.
Legislation Cited
Several specific laws are repeatedly referenced across the barangays, including:
RA 7610 – Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
RA 9262 – Violence Against Women and Their Children
RA 4136 – Land Transportation and Traffic Code
RA 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
RA 8048 – Coconut Preservation Act
Cybercrime Prevention Act
 Table 56: FIRE INCIDENCE FOR THE LAST THREE YEARS,
BY BARANGAY, YEAR 2020 TO YEAR 2024 & 1ST QUARTER OF 2025
Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Origin/ Cause 1st
2020 2021 2023 2024 Quarter
2022
of 2025
Biasong Overheated There have been no 1
Appliance
recorded Fire
Incidence for the year
Total
2020 - 2024

Source: BFP Local Fire Protection Office, 2024 & 1st Quarter of 2025

There have been one reported fire incidents in the last Four years and the 1st Quarter of 2025
based on the BFP Libagon Fire Incident Monitoring Sheet.

Table 57: PROTECTIVE SERVICES BY FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT, YEAR 2025

Condition
Type of Location Area Number No. of Facilities/
Facilities (In of Equipment
Sqm.) Personne Vehicle Others
l
Police
Municipal Libagon 400 22 3 Motor 3 Motor 1 MV -
Police So. Leyte Uniformed Vehicle Cycle Unserviceable,
station Personnel, specifically the
4 Non- Mahindra
uniformed Bolero
personnel
Sub-station
Outpost
Traffic
Fire Protection
Headquarter Brgy. 400 12 1 1 Fire Operational
s Talisay Truck Station
Libagon 1 Facility
Southern Ambulance
Leyte
Sub-station
Jail
Management
District Jail
City/Mun.
 Jail
Others
Source: PNP & BFP, 2025

This table provides an overview of the police, fire protection, and other public safety facilities
and their conditions in a specific area. The Municipal Police Station in Libagon, Southern
Leyte, occupies 400 square meters and has 23 personnel, with a personnel-to-population ratio
of 1:1.663. The station has three serviceable vehicles. No information is provided for sub-
stations, outposts, or traffic facilities.

For Fire Protection, the headquarters is located in Brgy. Talisay, Libagon, Southern Leyte,
covering an area of 500 square meters. It has 11 personnel, with a personnel-to-population
ratio of 1:1,386, serving a population of 15,244. The fire protection unit has one serviceable fire
truck, but no additional equipment or sub-stations are mentioned.

There are no Jail Management facilities, such as district or

municipal jails, or other related facilities and equipment in the
municipality

In general, the available facilities are functional and equipped with

the necessary vehicles, but there are noticeable gaps in the

presence of sub-stations and outposts for both the police and fire
protection services.
Respondent’s Perception to Safety:
% Libagon, Southern Leyte, 2024
fe

31
22
Figure 20. BARANGAYS WITH HOUSEHOLDS
WHO PERCEIVED THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD 8
AS UNSAFE: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN LEYTE, 5
2024 1

Table 58: JAIL FACILITIES, BY LOCATION AND INMATE POPULATION, YEAR 2025
Lot Area
Facility Location
(In Sqm.)
1. District Jail -
2. City/Municipal Jail None None
Source: PNP
There is a Custodial Facility/Detention Facility inside the Libagon MPS Building—one for male
and one for female detainees. Each facility measures 101 inches in width and 155 inches in
length.

Table 59: BARANGAY TANOD BY TYPE OF SERVICE, YEAR 2024

Condition of
No. of Volunteers/ Facilities /
Type Of Services Facilities/
Staff Equipment
Equipment
Barangay Tanods 54 - -
play a pivotal role
in maintaining
peace and order at
the grassroots
level of Philippine
society. They are
the frontline
personnel in
barangays,
responsible for
ensuring the safety
and security of
their communities
Source: 2024 DILG
 Figure 21h. HOUSEHOLD WITH FEEL SAFE WALKING ALONE IN THEIR
AREA AT NIGHT: LIBAGON, SOUTHERN, 2024 & 2022

3.18 Sports and Recreation

Table 60: SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL FACILITIES, BY BARANGAY, YEAR 2024

Lot Physical Used as
Type of Hazard
Barangay Area Ownership Condition Evacuation
Facility Susceptibility
(sq.m) of Facility Center
Gakat Sports 524.6 Public Fair No M for Tc, Eq,
(Covered and Su
court)
Recreational 216 Public Fair No M for Tc, Eq,
(Children’s and Su
Playground)
Nahaong Recreational 50 Public Critical No M for Eq
(Auditorium)
Sports 70 Private Poor No M for Eq
(Basketball
court)
Nahulid Sports 600 Public Fair No M for Tc, Eq,
(Basketball Ts, and Su
court)
Recreational 400 Public Fair No M for Tc, Eq,
(Playground) Ts, and Su
Pangi Recreational 230 Public Fair No M for Eq and
(Auditorium) Su
Otikon Sports 448 Public Good No M for Eq
(Basketball
Court)
Recreational 120 Public Good No M for Eq
(Day Care
Center
Playground)
Recreational 900 Public Good No M for Eq
(Elem.
School
Plaza)
Recreational 100 Public Good No M for Eq
(Elem.
School Plaza
Tigbao Recreational 400 Public Fair Yes M for FI, Tc,
(Auditorium) and Eq
Sports 300 Public Fair No M for FI, Tc,
(Basketball and Eq
 Lot Physical Used as
Type of Hazard
Barangay Area Ownership Condition Evacuation
Facility Susceptibility
(sq.m) of Facility Center
Court)
Sports 300 Public Fair No M for FI, Tc,
(Basketball and Eq
Court)
Bogasong Sports 338 Private Fair Yes M for Eq
(Basketball
Court)
Talisay Recreational 250 Public Fair Yes M for FI, Eq
(Gym)
Jubas Sports 480 Private Fair No M for Eq
(Basketball
Court)
Sports 420 Public Fair No M for Tc
(Tennis
Court)
Sports 512 Public Fair No M for Tc
(Basketball
Court)
Biasong Sports 448 Public Fair No M for Tc
(Basketball
Court)
Mayuga Sports 448 Public Good No M for Tc
(Basketball
Court)
Sports (Sitio 448 Private Fair No M for Tc and
Labao’s Vo
Basketball
Court)
Recreational 900 Public Good No M for Eq
(Elem.
School
Plaza)
Cawayan Sports 300 Public Fair No M for FI, Eq,
(Basketball and Su
Court)
Recreational 300 Public Fair No M for FI, Eq,
(Covered and Su
court)
Magkasag Sports (Brgy. 480 Private Fair No M for Eq, Ln,
Basketball and Su
Court)
Sports 480 Public Fair No M for Eq, Ln,
(School and Su
Basketball
Court)
Punta Sports 286 Private Fair No M for FI, Eq,
(Basketball and Ln
Court)
Recreational 234 Private Fair Yes M for FI, Eq,
(Auditorium) and Ln
Source: CLUP, 2017
In Gakat, there is a public covered court and a children’s playground, both in fair
condition. Neither is used as an evacuation center, but both are moderately susceptible to
typhoons, earthquakes, and storm surges.
In Nahaong, a public auditorium is in critical condition, and a privately owned basketball
court is in poor condition. Both are not used for evacuation and are moderately prone to
earthquakes.
Nahulid has a public basketball court and playground, both in fair condition. They are not
evacuation centers and are moderately at risk of typhoons, earthquakes, tsunamis, and storm
surges.
Pangi has a public auditorium in fair condition. It’s not used for evacuation and is
moderately exposed to earthquakes and storm surges.
Otikon has several well-maintained public facilities, including a basketball court, a day
care center playground, and two school plazas. All are in good condition, not used as
evacuation centers, and are moderately at risk of earthquakes.
Tigbao has a public auditorium and two basketball courts, all in fair condition. The
auditorium is used as an evacuation center. These facilities are moderately prone to
flooding, typhoons, and earthquakes.
In Bogasong, there is a privately owned basketball court in fair condition, used as an
evacuation center and moderately exposed to earthquakes.
Talisay has a public gym in fair condition, also used as an evacuation center, with moderate
risk from flooding and earthquakes.
Jubas features three sports facilities: one private and two public courts, all in fair condition.
None serve as evacuation centers. The area is moderately prone to earthquakes and
typhoons.
Biasong has a public basketball court in fair condition, not used for evacuation, and
moderately prone to typhoons.
Biasong has a private basketball court with a fair condition. Not used for evacuation and
moderately prone to typhoons.
Mayuga has two basketball courts—one public in good condition and one private in fair
condition—as well as a public school plaza in good condition. These are not evacuation
centers. The area faces moderate risks from typhoons, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.
Cawayan has a public basketball court and a covered court, both in fair condition. They are
not evacuation centers and are moderately at risk of flooding, earthquakes, and storm
surges.
In Magkasag, there are two basketball courts—one private and one public—both in fair
condition. They are not used as evacuation centers and are moderately exposed to
earthquakes, landslides, and storm surges.
Lastly, Punta has a private basketball court and a private auditorium, both in fair condition.
The auditorium serves as an evacuation center. The area is moderately prone to flooding,
earthquakes, and lan
o Private Facilities refer to both commercial and institutional/organizational facilities
which are operated and managed by entrepreneurs for economic gains.
o Public Facilities are those that are administered and funded solely by government.
It is non-profit and use of facilities are free or fee is charged for cost of
maintenance.
 MUNICIPALITY OF LIBAGON

99
MUNICIPALITY OF LIBAGON |