Scribd
Upload
15 views7 pages

Grade8 Math Study Sheet

This study sheet covers key concepts in Grade 8 Mathematics, including algebraic expressions, inequalities, geometry, ratios, triangle area, Pythagorean theorem, fractions, decimals, sequences, functions, direct proportion, and construction of perpendicular bisectors. It provides definitions, formulas, and examples for each topic to aid understanding. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students to review essential mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

enas abdulrahman
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views7 pages

Grade8 Math Study Sheet

This study sheet covers key concepts in Grade 8 Mathematics, including algebraic expressions, inequalities, geometry, ratios, triangle area, Pythagorean theorem, fractions, decimals, sequences, functions, direct proportion, and construction of perpendicular bisectors. It provides definitions, formulas, and examples for each topic to aid understanding. The document serves as a comprehensive guide for students to review essential mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

enas abdulrahman
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Grade 8 Mathematics – Complete Detailed Study Sheet

Algebraic Expressions & Inequalities

DETAILED EXPLANATION:

Algebraic expressions use letters to represent unknown numbers.

Examples:

- “Double a number n and add 3” → 2n + 3

- “Triple x then subtract 5” → 3x – 5

- “Half a number k” → k/2

Inequalities show comparisons:

- > greater than

- < less than

- ≥ greater than or equal

- ≤ less than or equal

Solving inequalities:

Example: t + 4 ≥ 6

Subtract 4 from both sides:

t≥2

NUMBER LINE RULES:

● means the number IS included (≥ or ≤)

○ means NOT included (> or <)


EXAMPLES:

1. x + 7 > 10 → x > 3

2. 3a – 1 ≤ 8 → 3a ≤ 9 → a ≤ 3

Geometry – Interior & Exterior Angles

Interior angle sum formula:

Sum = (n – 2) × 180°

Examples:

Triangle (3 sides): (3–2)×180 = 180°

Pentagon (5 sides): (5–2)×180 = 540°

Hexagon (6 sides): 720°

Regular polygon: all angles equal.

Exterior angle of regular polygon:

Exterior angle = 360 ÷ number of sides

Examples:

Exterior angle = 60° → sides = 360÷60 = 6

Exterior angle = 90° → sides = 360÷90 = 4

Angle Problems

IMPORTANT FACTS:

- Angles on a straight line sum to 180°


- Vertically opposite angles are equal

- Angles around a point sum to 360°

- Triangle interior angles sum to 180°

- Right angle = 90°

EXAMPLES:

1. If one angle on a line is 130°, the other is 50°.

2. In triangle with angles 70° and 50°: x = 180 – (70+50) = 60°.

3. If vertically opposite angle = 45°, then x = 45°.

Ratios & Sharing

Ratio compares quantities.

To share using ratios:

1. Add ratio parts

2. Divide total by number of parts

3. Multiply each part by value of each share

Example:

Share $90 in ratio 1:2

Total parts = 3

Value of 1 part = 90/3 = 30

Shares: $30 and $60

Triangle Area & Pythagoras


Right triangle area:

Area = 1/2 × base × height

Example:

Base=4, height=3

Area = 1/2 × 4 × 3 = 6 cm²

Pythagoras Theorem:

a² + b² = c²

Example:

Legs: 4 and 3

c = √(4² + 3²) = √25 = 5

Fractions & Decimals – Comparing, Terminating, Recurring

TERMINATING DECIMALS:

Denominator (after simplifying) contains only 2s and/or 5s.

Examples:

1/8 = terminating

1/20 = terminating

RECURRING DECIMALS:

If denominator has any factor other than 2 or 5 → recurring


Examples:

1/3 = 0.333…

2/9 = 0.222…

COMPARING DECIMALS:

Compare digit by digit from left.

Fraction Multiplication & Division

MULTIPLY:

Multiply top × top and bottom × bottom.

Example:

3/4 × 2/3 = 6/12 = 1/2

DIVIDE:

Flip second fraction (reciprocal) and multiply.

Example:

5/6 ÷ 1/2 = 5/6 × 2/1 = 10/6 = 5/3

Sequences

A sequence increases or decreases by a pattern.

Example:

7, 9, 11, 13 → +2 pattern
nth term: 2n + 5

Example:

3, 6, 9, 12 → +3 pattern

nth term: 3n

Functions

FUNCTION MACHINE:

Input → rule → output

Example rule: ×3 then +5

To find output: substitute input.

To find input: reverse steps.

Example:

Input 4 → (4×3)+5 = 17

If output = 20:

20−5 = 15

15÷3 = 5 → input=5

Direct Proportion

Direct proportion means if one value increases, the other increases at same rate.

Formula:

cost / weight = constant


Example:

2kg cost $6

Cost per kg = 6/2 = 3

5kg = 5×3 = 15

Construction – Perpendicular Bisector

STEPS:

1. Place compass on A, draw arc above and below.

2. Keeping same width, place compass on B, draw arcs.

3. Connect intersections → perpendicular bisector.

It cuts the segment into equal halves AND forms 90°.

Common questions

Powered by AI

To determine an unknown input from a known output using a function machine rule, reverse the operations of the function. For a rule like '×3 then +5', if the output is 20, reverse by subtracting 5 to get 15, then divide by 3, resulting in an input of 5 .

Pythagoras' Theorem, which states a² + b² = c², helps calculate the hypotenuse (c) in a right triangle if the other sides (a and b) are known. For instance, if the legs are 3 and 4, then c² = 3² + 4² = 9 + 16 = 25, giving c = √25 = 5 .

Understanding the sum of angles helps to solve angle problems by applying rules such as the sum of angles on a straight line being 180°, vertically opposite angles being equal, and angles around a point summing to 360°. For triangles, the interior angles sum to 180°. These rules allow for calculating unknown angles, such as determining the remaining angle of a triangle or the other angle on a straight line .

Constructing a perpendicular bisector involves placing a compass on point A to draw arcs above and below the line, repeating from point B with the same width and then connecting the intersections. This construction cuts the segment into equal halves and forms a 90° angle, ensuring symmetry .

The measurement of a regular polygon’s exterior angle is inversely related to the number of its sides. It is calculated as 360 divided by the number of sides. For instance, if the exterior angle is 60°, then the polygon has 6 sides because 360 ÷ 60 = 6 .

The pattern of a sequence helps derive its nth term by identifying common differences. For example, in the sequence 3, 6, 9, 12, which has a +3 pattern, the nth term is 3n, providing a direct formula to find any term in the sequence .

Inequalities in algebraic expressions allow for comparisons between numbers using symbols such as > (greater than), < (less than), ≥ (greater than or equal to), and ≤ (less than or equal to). For example, to solve the inequality t + 4 ≥ 6, you subtract 4 from both sides to isolate t, resulting in t ≥ 2 .

To apply ratios for dividing an amount, you add the parts of the ratio, divide the total amount by this sum to find the value of one part, and then multiply each ratio part by this value. For example, dividing $90 in a 1:2 ratio involves calculating that total parts = 3, thus one part equals $30, resulting in shares of $30 and $60 .

Terminating decimals occur when a simplified fraction's denominator contains only factors of 2 or 5. Recurring decimals, in contrast, occur with other factors. For example, 1/8 is a terminating decimal, whereas 1/3 is recurring. This relates to the prime factorization of the denominator dictating the nature of the decimal .

Direct proportion implies that as one quantity increases, the other increases at the same rate. This relationship is useful in predictions. For example, if 2 kg costs $6, then 5 kg costs 5 × $3 = $15, as 3 is the cost per kg .

You might also like