July-Nov 2025
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING IIT MADRAS
ME-1100 Thermodynamics
Tutorial – 6
1. Determine the phase or phases in a system consisting of water at the following conditions and sketch p-v or T-v
diagrams showing the location of each state with respect to the saturation lines.
a) 5 bar, 151.9oC (b) 5 bar, 200oC (c) 2.5 MPa, 200oC (d) 4.8 bar, 160oC.
2. Using steam tables, determine the specified property data for each of the following states. Show the location of
each state with respect to the saturation lines. (a) 3 bar, 240°C, find v and u; (b) 3 bar, 0.3 m 3/kg, find T and u; (c)
10 bar, 400°C find v and h; (d) 320°C, 0.026 m3/kg find p and u.
Ans: [(a) 0.78 m3/kg, 2713.4 kJ/kg; (b) 133.6 ºC, 1540.77 kJ/kg; (c) 0.307 m3/kg, 3264 kJ/kg (d) 80 bar, 2645.6
kJ/kg]
3. A system consisting of 1 kg of steam/water substance at 150°C is contained in a frictionless piston-cylinder
mechanism. From an initial volume of 0.35 m3, the steam is compressed slowly until the volume has been reduced
to 10% of the initial volume. During this slow process heat transfer occurs at such a rate as to keep the
temperature constant at 150°C. Indicate the initial and final states and the compression process on a p-v diagram
clearly, showing the saturation lines. Calculate the work and the heat interactions for the system. [-149.877 kJ, -
1698.45 kJ]. Ans:[-149.877 kJ, -1698.45 kJ]
4. 1 kg of water at 0.2 MPa is initially enclosed within a volume of 0.10 m3 in a vertical piston-cylinder arrangement.
The piston initially rests on stops and will move when the pressure is 1.0 MPa. During a certain process, an amount
heat equal to 2500 kJ is transferred to the water. Determine the work done and the final state of the water. Ans:
[222 kJ, final state is superheated]
5. Saturated steam-water mixture of 0.6125 kg mass at 150 kPa, 0.6 m3 is enclosed in a piston cylinder arrangement.
Calculate the work interaction, heat interaction and the change in internal energy for this system for the following
cases: (a) The mixture is heated at constant pressure until its temperature becomes 200°C (b) The mixture follows
pV = constant until it becomes a saturated vapor (c) The pressure increases linearly with volume until the final
pressure is 200 kPa and temperature is 250°C. Ans: [(a) 59.388 kJ, 337.62 kJ; (b) 243.64 kJ, 388.33 kJ, (c) 23.52 kJ,
347.67 kJ]
6. 5 kg of saturated water-steam mixture is enclosed in a rigid container at the initial pressure of 1 bar. When the
mixture is heated, it finally attains the critical state. Find the initial quality of the mixture and the heat transferred
to the system during the process. Answer: x=0.001247 and Q=8050 kJ
7. A two-phase mixture of water with a quality of 25% is contained in a piston cylinder
assembly as shown. The mass of the piston is 40 kg and its diameter is 10 cm. The initial and
final positions of the piston are shown in the figure. The water is heated until the pressure reaches 300 kPa.
Determine the total amount of heat transfer. Take patm = 100 kPa. Ans: [658.47 J]
8. A rigid vessel is divided into two compartments A and B by a freely floating piston. Compartment A contains 2 kg
of air at 1 bar, 25°C, initially. Compartment B contains 1 kg steam-water mixture at 1 bar and quality of 50%. Now,
heat is added to steam-water mixture until saturation. Assuming that there is no heat transfer between A and B,
and that the piston is frictionless & adiabatic, calculate the final states of the air and steam, and the heat transfer.
Assume that the air in chamber A undergoes adiabatic compression. Ans: [1099 kJ]
9. A two-phase mixture of water with a quality of 25% is contained in a piston
cylinder assembly as shown. The mass of the piston is 50 kg and its area is 0.02 m2.
The initial and final positions of the piston are shown in the figure. Initially, the
piston just touches the spring without any pre-compression. The stiffness of the
spring is 137.5 kN/m. The water is heated until the piston moves up to the final
position shown. Determine the total amount of heat transfer and the final state of
the water. Take patm = 100 kPa. [2196.3 J, the final state is superheated] Ans: Q=2196.3 kJ, Superheated
10. A frictionless piston cylinder device initially contains 3 kg of saturated liquid refrigerant R134a at 35.5°C. Heat is
now added until the temperature of the refrigerant reaches 70°C. Determine the heat and the work interactions.
[Ans: 611.246 kJ, 71.66 kJ].
11. Determine the phase of R134a with the following properties: (a) -10oC, 0.2 MPa (b) 0oC, 0.01 m3/kg (c) 40oC, 0.02
m3/kg (d) 10oC, h = 400 kJ/kg (e) 0oC, u = 400 kJ/kg.
12. 5 kg of saturated mixture of R134a is enclosed in a rigid container at the initial pressure of 1 bar. When the
mixture is heated, it finally attains the critical state. Find the initial quality of the mixture and the heat transferred
to the system during the process. Properties of R134a at the critical state are as follows:
T (oC) p(MPa) V (m3/kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg)
101.06 4.0591 0.001954 381.71 389.64
Ans: x=0.0064, Q=1075.365 kJ
13. A system consisting of 10 kg of R134a at 0oC is contained in a frictionless piston-cylinder mechanism. From an
initial volume of 0.35 m3, the steam is compressed slowly until the volume has been reduced to 10% of the initial
volume. During the process heat transfer occurs at such a rate as to keep the temperature constant at 0 oC.
Indicate the initial and final states and the compression process on a P-v diagram clearly, showing the saturation
lines. Calculate the work and the heat interactions for the system.
Ans: -92.232 kJ, -912.8 kJ