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Modelling

The document discusses the necessity of modeling in ecological, commercial, and scientific contexts, emphasizing the resource-intensive nature of silicon chip fabrication and the efficiency of computer modeling over human experts. It explains the workings of TCAD tools in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, highlighting their role in solving equations related to semiconductor behavior. Additionally, it addresses quantum corrections and self-heating effects on device performance, underscoring the importance of temperature in mobility and carrier concentration.

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vixxshal
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10 views7 pages

Modelling

The document discusses the necessity of modeling in ecological, commercial, and scientific contexts, emphasizing the resource-intensive nature of silicon chip fabrication and the efficiency of computer modeling over human experts. It explains the workings of TCAD tools in both equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, highlighting their role in solving equations related to semiconductor behavior. Additionally, it addresses quantum corrections and self-heating effects on device performance, underscoring the importance of temperature in mobility and carrier concentration.

Uploaded by

vixxshal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Modelling: A necessity – Ecologically

Generated using Gemini.


• 2 gm silicon chip fabrication requires
• 1.6 kg fossil fuels
• 2 gm of chemicals
• 32 litres of water

• The silicon wafer requires about 160 times


the energy of the raw silicon → Why ???
doi: 10.1021/es025643o

11-12-2024 Oves Badami 1


Modelling: A necessity – Commercially
• A very wide design space Generated using Gemini

• Humans (experts) are costly and inefficient


especially for routine tasks
• Computers don’t need to rest.
• Boosting the productivity

11-12-2024 Oves Badami 2


Modelling: A necessity – Scientifically
• With experiments we generally end Generated using Gemini.

up with devices that are black boxes.


• All the effects occur at the same time
• Simulations and modelling provide a
peak into the nature.
• Example of RRAM devices
• Isolation of effects is possible

11-12-2024 Oves Badami 3


How does the TCAD tool works – Equilibrium
• A TCAD tool solves a system of Structure Inputs
equations self-consistently
𝑑2𝑉 𝑞 𝑁𝐷 − 𝑁𝐴 + 𝑝 𝑥 − 𝑛 𝑥
2
=− Poisson Initial
𝑑𝑥 𝜀 Solver guess
𝐸𝐶 − 𝐸𝐹

𝑛𝑘 , 𝑝𝑘 , 𝑉 𝑘
𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑁𝐶 𝑒𝑥𝑝 − 𝑉 𝑘+1 𝑛0 , 𝑝0 , 𝑉 0
𝑘𝑇 Carrier Conc.
Calculation
𝐸𝐹 − 𝐸𝑉
𝑝 𝑥 = 𝑁𝑉 𝑒𝑥𝑝 − 𝑛𝑘+1 , 𝑝𝑘+1
𝑘𝑇
NO Conv. YES END
• EC =-qV is the conduction band ?
(potential energy)
11-12-2024 Oves Badami 4
How does the TCAD tool works – Non-equilibrium
• A TCAD tool solves a system of Structure Inputs
equations self-consistently
𝑑2𝑉 𝑞 𝑁𝐷 − 𝑁𝐴 + 𝑝 𝑥 − 𝑛 𝑥
2
=− Poisson Initial
𝑑𝑥 𝜀 Solver guess

𝑛𝑘 , 𝑝𝑘 , 𝑉 𝑘
𝑑𝐽𝑛 𝑑𝑛 𝑉 𝑘+1 𝑛0 , 𝑝0 , 𝑉 0
=𝐺−𝑅 𝐽𝑛 = 𝑞𝑛𝜇𝑬 + 𝑞𝐷𝑛 Carrier Conc.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Calculation
𝑑𝐽𝑝 𝑑𝑝
=𝑅−𝐺 𝐽𝑝 = 𝑞𝑝𝜇𝑬 − 𝑞𝐷𝑝 𝑛𝑘+1 , 𝑝𝑘+1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
NO Conv. YES
𝑑𝑉 ?
END
𝑬=−
𝑑𝑥
11-12-2024 Oves Badami 5
How does the TCAD tool works – Quantum Correc.
• Electrons are billiard balls Structure Inputs

• Peak occurs at oxide semiconductor 𝑛0 , 𝑝0 , 𝑉 0


interface Poisson Initial
Solver guess
• Electrons a waves 𝑉 𝑘+1 𝑉𝑄0

𝑛𝑘 , 𝑝𝑘 , 𝑉 𝑘 , 𝑉𝑄𝑘
Quantum
Corrections
𝑉𝑄𝑘+1 𝑉 𝑘+1
Carrier Conc.
Calculation
𝑛𝑘+1 , 𝑝𝑘+1
NO Conv. YES END
?
11-12-2024 Oves Badami 6
How does the TCAD tool works – Self-Heating
• Bumping into someone is not Structure Inputs

always a pleasant experience 𝑛0 , 𝑝0 , 𝑉 0


• Increases the temperature Poisson Initial
Solver guess
• Temperature plays an important 𝑉 𝑘+1 𝑇0

𝑛𝑘 , 𝑝𝑘 , 𝑉 𝑘 , 𝑇 𝑘
role in device performance Fourier Heat
Equation
• Mobility
• Intrinsic carrier concentration 𝑇 𝑘+1 𝑉 𝑘+1
Carrier Conc.
Calculation
𝑛𝑘+1 , 𝑝𝑘+1
NO Conv. YES END
?
11-12-2024 Oves Badami 7

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