3 Analytical Paragraph

Preface
What is an Analytical Paragraph?
An analytical paragraph is a form of descriptive writing which is written on the basis of a given
chart, graph, data, outline, clues, table, etc. While writing an analytical paragraph, one should
remember to describe the facts in the best possible manner and to cover the information
provided.
The analytical paragraph has to be written in around 100-120 words. So the paragraph must use
clear and crisp language along with providing complete details of the chart given in the question.
Features of an Analytical Paragraph Writing
• It describes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues, etc.
• It should be brief and comprehensive (include complete information) at the same time.
• It should state facts that are provided by the chart.
• It is necessary to make use of simple and accurate language.
• It should mention figures and quantities appropriately.
• It is appropriate to use the same tense throughout the analytical paragraph.
• No personal observation or response should be provided.
• It would be preferable to use the passive form of the verb.
How to Write an Analytical Paragraph
Analytical Paragraph Writing Format
An analytical paragraph has three parts
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• Introduction
• Body of the paragraph and;
• Conclusion
The Introduction
The introduction is the first paragraph that should describe in brief what the given data is about.
It should be like an opening paragraph that introduces the reader to the context of the chart given.
When writing the introductory paragraph, you need not go into the details. You just need to
mention what is clearly evident from the chart, the graph or the data given in the question. It is
best to write the introduction in one or two lines.

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
For an introduction, you can start with the following phrases-
• The chart given above describes
• The table suggests
• The line graph shows
• The data given provides information about
• The pie chart illustrates, etc.
The Body of the Paragraph
This part of the analytical paragraph should contain details of the graph/chart given in the
question. It should contain all the important information. It is extremely important to choose the
significant details that should be included in the paragraph. The body can be broken into two or
three sub-paragraphs depending on the information extracted from the graph. Breaking the body
into sub-paragraphs makes it easy for the reader to understand.
Organizing Information
You should look for the large differences that are very prominent. You can mention the aspect
which is the smallest or the largest in the data given. Any aspects that are similar should be
mentioned next. You should further mention about the aspect that has remained unchanged or
constant throughout.
Comparing Information
If the chart mentions two different parties, for example, men and women, refer to both of them in
the analytical paragraph. If there is any contrast or comparison that could be drawn, you must
present it effectively. If the chart is about a particular time period or highlights trends of several
years, mention each year in a concise manner. If any comparison or contrast can be done for two
or more years, you should write about it too.
Mentioning Quantities
When including numbers and figures, their accuracy must be ensured. There are a number of
ways that can be used to describe quantities, for example- percentage, fraction, ratios, etc.
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Connecting Sentences
If different information or ideas are there, you should use connectors or linking phrases to link
them logically. The sentences of the paragraph should be sequential and connected rationally.
For describing trends, use phrases and words like- a pattern of growth, rapidly doubled,
skyrocketed, striking increase, peaked, soaring rates, declined, plummeted, levelled off,
stagnated, fluctuate, starting to rise, starting to fall, drop down, slightly, etc.
For describing quantities, use various styles like- 48% of, one-third of, nearly one-fourth of,
almost 80%, majority, on average, twice as much, almost equal, the highest, the lowest, very close
to 2%, roughly, approximately 5% of, just under three percent, etc.

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 English
For establishing a relationship or contrast, use phrases and words like- relationship between,
similarly, in contrast with, in comparison to, but in the opposite case, however, whereas, when it
comes to, as opposed to, while, striking difference, noticeable difference, etc.
The Conclusion
The last paragraph should summarise the idea mentioned and the information in general. It
should be concluding in nature and act as the closing statement. One should keep in mind that
one must not include any personal opinions, conclusions, or observations. You should simply
stick to the facts.
You need not dispose off the information to write a good analytical paragraph. The key is to choose
wisely the important information, organize it well, state correct facts and summarise it properly.
For the conclusion and other connecting phrases use- overall, subsequently, in all, in a nutshell,
for the chart given, in short, striking changes, therefore, etc.
Points to Remember While Writing Analytical Paragraph
• Stick to the word limit.
• Use specific words and phrases for analytical writing.
• Try to mention more statistics.
• You can add your own related information.
• Mention the name as given in the question.
Solved Examples
1. Below is a graph given showing birth and death rates in a country from 1901 to 2101.
Write an analytical paragraph (100-150 words).

70 Birth
60
Births and deaths (000s)

50

40
30
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Death
20
10
0
1901 1921 1941 1961 1981 2001 2021 2041 2061 2081 2101

Ans. The graph shows birth and death rates starting from 1901 till 2101. Since 1901, the birth
rate has remained more than the death rate until 2041. Birth rate was 20000 in 1901 and
started increasing gradually. It peaked in 1961 to around 65000. From 1961, birth rate
has fluctuated multiple times between 50000 and 60000. It is expected to decline for the
coming years reaching approximately 42000 by 2101.

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
On the other hand, the death rate stood at around 10000 in 1901 and then has increased
steadily. It is expected to rise strikingly from 2021 before levelling off to approximately 60000
between 2061 and 2081. The graph indicates a slight decline in deaths in the year 2101.
The graph shows the huge gap between birth rate and death during 1961 to 2001. However,
this gap is expected to reduce in the later years. Overall, as opposed to the prevailing trends,
the death rate will be more than the birth rate in the later half of the 21st century.

2. Here is a line graph showing the number of persons of different age groups killed in
accidents. Analyse the given data in a paragraph of 100-120 words.

Persons Killed in Road Accidents

900

800

700
Number of Persons Killed

600
Motor Bike
500
Bus and Car
400

300 Pedestrians

200

100

0
0-15 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-above Age Groups

Ans. The line graph illustrates the number of persons of different age groups killed in accidents. It
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is evident from the graph that the maximum number of people who are killed in road
accidents are pedestrians. Among pedestrians, too, people of 16-25 age group recorded the
highest number of accident deaths that is 800. Coincidentally, this age group faces the
maximum motor bikers’ deaths in road accidents which is one-fourth of pedestrians’ deaths.
Whereas, people who die due to bus or car accidents belong to the 26-35 age group. But,
after the age of 35 people get less caught in road accidents.
It can be concluded that generation of 16-35 years falls victim to road accidents more than
the people who have crossed 35 years. However, pedestrians are at the highest risk of
accidents followed by bus and car riders.

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 English
3. The following excerpt is taken from ‘The Times’ on the ill-treatment of animals and steps
to prevent it. “It is distressing to see the attitude of people towards animals and find that
cases of cruelty towards animals are increasing.” The following pie chart represents the
attitude of people towards animals.” As Simran/Dhruv, write the analysis of the above
statement in 100-120 words.
Treatment of Animals

Treat animals
as Slave
15% Indifferent
Attitude
35%

Selfish
Interest 50%

Treatment of Animals
Ans. The attitude of people towards animals has been cruel since ages. A recent study showed
that 50% of animals are exploited by people for their self-interest. Animals are killed for
their fancy and priceless body parts including the skin. It was observed that 35% of people
having an indifferent attitude towards animals do not care about their pain and sufferings.
They continue with their torture and experiments. Animals are beaten and forced to carry
heavy loads. Besides, to add to their woes, 15% of people believe that animals are their
slaves. But men must not forget that animals equally share the mother earth with us. If we
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can’t help them, we don’t have any right to add to their problems.

1. Analytical paragraph describes the given chart, table, data, graph, cues etc.
2. It should be brief and comprehensive (include complete information).
3. It should state facts that are provided by the chart.
4. It is necessary to make use of simple accurate language.
5. It should mention figures and quantities appropriately.
6. It is appropriate to use the same tense throughout the analytical paragraph.
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 5 Letter Writing

Introduction
What is a Letter?
A letter is a form of non-fictional written, typed or printed communication. These are usually to
facilitate communication between two individuals. Letters are one of the most important and
popular means of communication. Though e-mail, fax have overtaken letter - writing, still its
significance can't be undermined. A letter writing can be more expressive, emotional and can be
preserved for posterity.
The two types of formal letters we will discuss are:
1. Letter to The Editor
2. Letter of Complaint (Official and Business)
Parts of A Formal Letter
1. The Heading
(a) It consists of the sender’s full address (Telephone No. is optional).
(b) Date can be either written as 1 July, 20××, or July 1, 20××.
(c) It is followed by receiver’s address in full.
2. The Salutation
It is a form of address or a greeting. It is written a little below the receiver's full address. The
first and the second words of salutation are capitalised like — Sir
3. Subject
It should be very concisely expressed. This can come either before the salutation or after it.
4. Body of the Letter
This forms the main part of the letter. It should be written in simple, direct language and
divided in paragraphs, unless it is very short.
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It should end with a complimentary close asking for further information, like “Hoping to hear
from you, soon”.
5. Subscription / Complimentary Close
This is the leave-taking phrase. It is written below the last line of the body of the letter and
depends upon the degree of relationship between the writer and the addressee like “Yours
truly”.
6. The Signature
This is written below the subscription or the leave-taking phrase.
Please note that an apostrophe (') should never be put before `s’ in Yours. It is a very common
error to write Your’s. The correct way is to write ‘Yours’.

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
Format of Formal Letter
1. Writer's Address C-3/38 Model Town
Ambala
2. Date December 4, 20××
3. Address of the person or The Executive Officer
firm receiving the letter Nagar Palika
Meerut
4. Subject ___________________________
5. Salutation Dear Sir/Madam
6. Body ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
7. Subscription Yours faithfully
8. Signature Satyendra Singh

Letter of Complaint
Letter of complaint is written when you have a problem with a product or a thing. The tone of this
letter has to be very polite. Take care of the following things while writing these letters.
(1) Describe what is wrong with the product or describe the issues/problems.
(2) Give the date of purchase and place of purchase, if applicable.
(3) Explain how you would like to resolve the problem.
(4) Explain that you look forward to receiving a reply with a resolution.
(5) Set a date or time limit in which to receive the reply.
(6) Give a phone number where you can be reached.
Solved Example
Q. The unsanitary conditions in your colony are causing multiple diseases. Write a letter to Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\LIVE Module\SET-1\NCERT\10th\English

the Municipal Commissioner bringing the problem to his notice and request him to take
urgent action in the matter. You are Deepak/Deepa of C 2/8, Ankur Enclave, New Delhi.
Ans. C 2/8, Ankur Enclave
New Delhi

August 20, 20××

The Municipal Commissioner

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 English
Subject: Insanitary conditions in the colony
Sir
I have been a resident of Ankur Enclave for the past eleven years. I would like to bring to
your notice the insanitary conditions in our colony. Rubbish and garbage lie in heaps. Lack
of drainage system raises a persistent foul smell in the area.
During rainy season water stagnates in pits on the street which makes the whole condition even
worse. These become the breeding ground for mosquitoes, which expose the residents to
multiple diseases like dengue, malaria, etc. Our colony has become an unhealthy and disease–
prone area. Every day, someone or the other is succumbing to deadly diseases. Some of the
families have also shifted lock, stock, and barrel to better localities.
You are requested to take an immediate remedial action to set things right.

Thanking you
Yours faithfully
Deepa
Letter to The Editor
Objectives
• To express an opinion or share one’s views with the general public.
• To create awareness regarding certain social issues.
• To disagree with some information or point of view and offer another version.
Content
• Reference to the article or stating the issue concerned.
• Origin/causes of the problem.
• Contemporary evidence or examples.
• Advantages/disadvantages/repercussions.
• Steps taken by the Government.
• Conclusion/suggestions/solutions/some hope for the future
Solved Example
Q. The present world is fraught with violence and crime. Even children are not spared. Simi
Menon strongly feels that introducing martial art training in schools could be one such
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solution. So, she decides to write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper on the topic, 'Need
for compulsory martial art training in schools' (120-150 words).
Ans. 95, Elite Apartments
Green Park
New Delhi - 110001
May 10, 20××
The Editor
The Times of India
M.G. Road, New Delhi

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NCERT Basics : Class 10
Subject: Compulsory Martial Art Training in Schools

Sir
Reports of recent cases of kidnappings, physical abuse, assaults on the dignity of girls, have
become a cause for concern. Media awareness, stringent laws are there but nothing really
serves the purpose. Crime rate is on a perpetual high. So, the need of the hour is to equip
oneself with defensive techniques. So, I wish to express my views on compulsory martial
art training in schools through the columns of your newspaper.
Martial Arts is a system of combat and defence, originally developed in Japan and Korea.
Today martial arts are learnt for combat skills, self-defence, sport and fitness. This kind of
art should be made compulsory in schools because it is an ideal way of equipping a student
mentally and physically. It will be specially useful for girls as a means of self-defence. Most
educational institutions or parents do not pay much attention to physical exercise and this
training will motivate the lethargic, obese and the indifferent. The agility, flexibility and
alertness this training will impart, will also help the students in academics. Moreover,
martial arts also imbibe qualities of concentration, character development, confidence and
respect for others. The students would also become strong-willed, persevering and
develop a great presence of mind. The sooner the children are exposed to martial arts, the
sooner they would learn to control their lives better.
These arts make students more competitive, improve their memory and develop very good
reflexes. If these skills are made a part of school curriculum, then children would have no
need to go elsewhere. These arts are all about giving power and a sense that they can
restrain the attack of any violent person. The children develop ethics and do not need to
cringe before any powerful looking enemy. It is another way to combat the unlawful
hoodlums, that make the innocent suffer for no fault of their own.
I hope the readers will find favour with my views and pay attention to this cause.

Yours faithfully
Simi Menon Publishing\PNCF\2024-25\LIVE Module\SET-1\NCERT\10th\English

Letter of Enquiry
Objectives
• To enquire the information related to something.
• To get the response from the recipient with the action that satisfies the enquiry.
Content
• Inquiry Letter should be written like a formal letter. It must include the sender’s contact
details, address or email address at the beginning of the letter.
• It should be written concisely and clearly.
• Letter of Inquiry must contain all the aspects of the enquiring item.
• Mention the reason and enquiry details.
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 English
Solved Example
Q. You are Rajat Kumar, a resident of 79, RK Puram New Delhi. You are interested in joining
the course in Communication Skills advertised by the Elite School of Language, South
Extension. Write a letter of enquiry for the same. (100-120 words)
Ans. 79, RK Puram
New Delhi - 110045

August 12, 20××

The Director
Elite School of Language
South Extension-II
New Delhi-110048

Subject : Require Details of Course in Communication Skills

Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in 'The Times of India' dated 10th August,
20XX announcing the new course in Communication Skills that you have introduced. I am
a high school graduate and plan to take up a part-time job as a Customer Care Executive in
a reputed Call Centre. For this I shall need to improve my communication skills and would
appreciate it if you could forward me the details of the course.
Please let me know the duration of the course for beginners and the advanced course as
well as the fees charged for both courses. I would like to know if they are diploma or
certificate courses. Kindly furnish the details at the address mentioned above as early as
possible, so that I can decide about enrolling myself for one of them.

Yours sincerely
Rajat Kumar
Letter of Order
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Objectives
• To place an order for any items.
• To get the response from the recipient with the action that satisfies the enquiry.
Content
• It must mention the details of the items required.
• It must mention the product specification (Model number, Colour, Size, Quantity).
• It must specify details like an address for delivery, the deadline for delivery, mode of
payment, etc.
• It should be written concisely and clearly.
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NCERT Basics : Class 10
Solved Example
Q. Write a letter to Lightways Sports, Amrapalli, Thane, placing an order for sports articles
(minimum 4) to be supplied to your school, ABC Matriculation School, Civil lines, Pune. Sign
as Ravi/Raveena, Sports Secretary.
Ans. ABC Matriculation School
Civil Lines, Pune-411013

March 11, 20××

Lightways Sports
Amrapalli, Thane-400203

Subject : Sports Articles for the School

Sir
As the Sports Day of the school is being held next month, we want you to supply the
following sports articles at your earliest so that the students can practice for the various
sports tournaments.
[Link]. Item Brand Quantity
(I) Footballs Nivea 4
(II) Cricket bats SVG 6
(III) Cricket balls SVG 6
(IV) Batting gloves (pairs) SVG 8
(V) Basket balls Spalding 4
(VI) Tennis balls Casco 12
Please send the goods to the school on any weekday between 8 am and 2 pm. You are also
requested to send the bill after allowing the discount permissible for schools. Payment will
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be made after the consignment is received and checked by the games department of the
school. Further, please ensure the quality of the consignment. If defects are found in the
goods, the whole consignment will be returned without any payment.
Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Ravi
(Sports Secretary)

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 English

1. Adopt a familiar style for those who are intimate but write in a formal tone to the
strangers.
2. Use a suitable beginning before you start with the actual letter.
3. Write what you have to say –– clearly, briefly and precisely.
4. Be courteous and tactful. Avoid offending.
5. Avoid boring remarks. Better do away with hackneyed phrases.
6. Never fail to date your letter.
7. Write in a simple clear and colloquial language. The style of a letter depends on the
nature of its contents.
8. Private letters should be in the conversational style; business letters, short, concise and
to the point; and official letters, formal and dignified.
9. Correct spellings are equally desirable even in the most familiar forms of
correspondence. A letter should be legible, straightforward and grammatically correct.
10. Avoid bad punctuation which is often the cause of obscurity.
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