CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
IMPORTANT FORMULAS & CONCEPTS
The word ‘trigonometry’ is derived from the Greek words ‘tri’ (meaning three), ‘gon’ (meaning sides) and
‘metron’ (meaning measure). In fact, trigonometry is the study of relationships between the sides and angles
of a triangle.
Trigonometric Ratios (T - Ratios) of an acute angle of a right triangle
In XOY-plane, let a revolving line OP starting from OX, trace out XOP=
From P (x, y)draw PM to OX.
In right angled triangle OMP. OM = x (Adjacent side); PM = y (opposite side); OP = r (hypotenuse).
Opposite side y Hypotenuse r
sin cos ec
Hypotenuse r Opposite side y
Adjacent Side x Hypotenuse r
cos sec
Hypotenuse r Adjacent Side x
Opposite side y Adjacent Side x
tan cot
Adjacent Side x Opposite side y
Reciprocal Relations
1 1
sin cos ec
cos ec sin
1 1
cos sec
sec cos
1 1
tan cot
cot tan
Quotient Relations
sin cos
tan and cot
cos sin
Remark 1 : sin q is read as the “sine of angle q” and it should never be interpreted as the product
of ‘sin’ and ‘q’
Remark 2 : Notation : (sin )2 is written as sin2 (read “sin square q’’) Similarly (sin )n is
written as sinn (read ‘‘sin nth power q’’ ), n being a positive integer.
Note : (sin )2 should not be written as sin 2 or as sin2 2
Remark 3 : Trigonometric ratios depend only on the value of and are independent of the
lengths of the sides of the right angled triangle.
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Trigonometric ratios of Complementary angles.
sin (90 – ) = cos cos (90 – ) = sin
tan (90 – ) = cot cot (90 – ) = tan
sec (90 – ) = cosec cosec (90 –) = sec .
Trigonometric ratios for angle of measure.
00, 300,450, 600 and 900 in tabular form.
A 00 300 450 600 900
1 1 3
sinA 0 1
2 2 2
3 1 1
cosA 1 0
2 2 2
1
tanA 0 1 3 Not defined
3
2
cosecA Not defined 2 2 1
3
2
secA 1 2 2 Not defined
3
1
cotA Not defined 3 1 0
3
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
An equation involving trigonometric ratios of an angle is said to be a trigonometric identity if it is
satisfied for all values of for which the given trigonometric ratios are defined.
Identity (1) : sin2+ cos2= 1
sin2= 1 – cos2and cos2= 1 – sin2.
Identity (2) : sec2= 1 + tan2
sec2– tan2= 1 and tan2= sec2– 1.
Identity (3) : cosec2= 1 + cot2
cosec2– cot2= 1 and cot2= cosec2– 1.
SOME TIPS
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Note: csc is same as cos ec .
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MCQ WORKSHEET-I
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1. In OPQ, right-angled at P, OP = 7 cm and OQ – PQ = 1 cm, then the values of sin Q.
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25
24
2. If sin A = , then the value of cosA is
25
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25
3. In ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 5 cm and ACB = 30° then the length of the side BC is
(a) 5 3 (b) 2 3 (c) 10 cm (d) none of these
4. In ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 5 cm and ACB = 30° then the length of the side AC is
(a) 5 3 (b) 2 3 (c) 10 cm (d) none of these
2 tan 300
5. The value of is
1 tan 2 300
(a) sin 60° (b) cos 60° (c) tan 60° (d) sin 30°
1 tan 2 450
6. The value of is
1 tan 2 450
(a) tan 90° (b) 1 (c) sin 45° (d) 0
7. sin 2A = 2 sin A is true when A =
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°
2 tan 300
8. The value of is
1 tan 2 300
(a) sin 60° (b) cos 60° (c) tan 60° (d) sin 30°
9. 9 sec2 A – 9 tan2 A =
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 0
10. (1 + tanA + secA ) (1 + cotA – cosecA ) =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) –1
11. (sec A + tan A) (1 – sin A) =
(a) sec A (b) sin A (c) cosec A (d) cos A
1 tan 2 A
12. =
1 cot 2 A
(a) sec2 A (b) –1 (c) cot2 A (d) tan2 A
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MCQ WORKSHEET-II
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1. If sin 3A = cos (A – 26°), where 3A is an acute angle, find the value of A.
(a) 290 (b) 300 (c) 260 (d) 360
2. If tan 2A = cot (A – 18°), where 2A is an acute angle, find the value of A.
(a) 290 (b) 300 (c) 260 (d) none of these
3. If sec 4A = cosec (A – 20°), where 4A is an acute angle, find the value of A.
(a) 220 (b) 250 (c) 260 (d) none of these
4. The value of tan 48° tan 23° tan 42° tan 67° is
(a) 1 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 0
5. If ABC is right angled at C, then the value of cos(A + B) is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.
sin 2 220 sin 2 680
6. The value of the expression 2 0 2 0
sin 2 630 cos 630 sin 27 0 is
cos 22 cos 68
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2
24
7. If cos A = , then the value of sinA is
25
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25
8. If ABC is right angled at B, then the value of cos(A + C) is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.
4
9. If tanA = , then the value of cosA is
3
3 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
5 3
10. If ABC is right angled at C, in which AB = 29 units, BC = 21 units and ABC = .
Determine the values of cos2 + sin2 is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.
11. In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan A = 1, then the value of 2 sin A cos A =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.
12. Given 15 cot A = 8, then sin A =
3 4
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
5 3
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MCQ WORKSHEET-III
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1. In a triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm, then the value of sin P is
7 24
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) none of the these
25 25
2. In a triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, PQ = 3 cm and PR = 6 cm, then QPR =
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) 60°
1 1
3. If sin (A – B) = and cos(A + B) = , then the value of A and B, respectively are
2 2
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these
4. If sin (A – B) = 1 and cos(A + B) = 1, then the value of A and B, respectively are
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these
1
5. If tan (A – B) = and tan (A + B) = 3 , then the value of A and B, respectively are
3
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 45° and 30° (d) none of these
3
6. If cos (A – B) = and sin (A + B) = 1, then the value of A and B, respectively are
2
(a) 45° and 15° (b) 30° and 15° (c) 60° and 30° (d) none of these
7. The value of 2cos2 600 3sin 2 450 3sin 2 300 2 cos 2 900 is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 5/4 (d) none of these
8. sin 2A = 2 sin AcosA is true when A =
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) any angle
9. sin A = cosA is true when A =
(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 45° (d) any angle
1
10. If sinA = , then the value of 3cosA – 4cos3A is
2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ½ (d) n.d.
11. If 3cotA = 4, then the value of cos2A – sin2A is
3 7 24
(a) (b) (c) ½ (d)
4 25 25
3sin A 2 cos A
12. If 3tanA = 4, then the value of is
3sin A 2 cos A
7 24
(a) 1 (b) (c) 3 (d)
25 25
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MCQ WORKSHEET-IV
CLASS X: CHAPTER - 8
INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
1. Value of , for sin 2 1, where 00 900 is:
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 1350.
2. Value of sec2260 – cot2640 is:
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 2
3. Product tan10.tan20.tan30……tan890 is:
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) 90
4. 1 tan 2 is equal to:
(a) cot (b) cos (c) cos ec (d) sec
3
5. If A + B = 900, cot B = then tanA is equal to;
4
3 4 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 4 3
1
6. Maximum value of , 00 900 is:
cos ec
1
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 2 (d)
2
1 1
7. If cos , sin then value of is
2 2
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 1200.
8. If Sin (A + B) = 1 = cos(A – B) then
(a) A = B = 900 (b) A = B = 00 (c) A = B = 450 (d) A = 2B
9. The value of sin600cos300 – cos600sin300 is
(a) 1 (b) –1 (c) 0 (d) none of these
10. The value of 2sin 2 300 3cos 2 450 tan 2 600 3sin 2 900 is
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) none of these
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