Thermodynamics
Objective type Questions (1 mark)
1. For the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) ↔ 2NH3(g) which of the following is valid?
(a) ΔH = ΔU
(b) ΔH > ΔU
(c) ΔH < ΔU
(d) None of the above
2. Predict the sign of Δ𝑆0 for the following reaction:
2𝐻2𝑆𝑔 + 3𝑂2𝑔 → 2𝐻2𝑂𝑔 + 2𝑆𝑂2𝑔
3. Which of the following equations represents enthalpy of formation of H 2O ?
(a) 2H2(g) + O2 (g) 2H2O(l); ΔH = -ve
(b) 2H2O2(g) 2 H2O(l) + O2(g); ΔH = +ve
(c) H2(g) + ½ O2(g) H2O(l) ΔH = +ve (a) 2H2O(g) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
; ΔH = +ve
4. The equation representing the combustion of Carbon and Carbon monoxide are
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -394 kJ/mol CO(g) +
½ O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH = -284.5 kJ/mol The heat
of formation of 1 mol of CO(g) is:
(a) -109.5 kJ/mol (b) +109.5 kJ/mol
(c) +180 kJ/mol
(d) +100 kJ/mol
5. ΔH for the combustion of the compound is
(a) Positive
(b) Zero
(c) Negative
(d) May be positive or negative
Assertion – Reason type Questions (1 mark)
(A) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, and reason is the correct
explanation of the assertion.
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(B) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, but reason is not the
correct explanation of the assertion.
(C) Assertion is correct, but reason is wrong statement.
(D) Assertion is wrong, but reason is correct statement.
6. Assertion: Enthalpy of combustion is always negative. Reason: Combustion reaction
proceeds with evolution of heat
7. Assertion: Both internal energy and enthalpy are state functions Reason: Internal
energy and enthalpy are extensive properties
8. Assertion: Many endothermic reactions which are non-spontaneous at room
temperature become spontaneous on increasing the temperature
Reason: Endothermic reactions become spontaneous at high temperatures if ΔS is
+ve and TΔS > ΔH
Paragraph -based Questions
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9. The enthalpy change of reaction remains the same irrespective of the number of steps is
Hess’s law. It helps to calculate the enthalpy of formation, combustion, and other
enthalpy changes. Enthalpy change can also be calculated by using bond enthalpies.
The first law gives the law of conservation of energy but does not give the direction of
the reaction. The second law states, the entropy of the universe is continuously
increasing due to spontaneous processes taking place in it. ΔH and ΔS (entropy change)
cannot decide the spontaneity of the process. We need ΔG (free energy change) which
is –ve for spontaneous, +ve for non-spontaneous. ΔG = 0 for the process in equilibrium.
ΔG is related to the equilibrium constant. If ΔG = –ve, ‘K’ is +ve and vice versa. The
third law of thermodynamics states the entropy of a perfectly crystalline substance is
zero at zero kelvin
I Born Haber cycle helps in calculating -------------------
II ΔHf° of O3, CaO, NH3, and HI are +142.2, – 643.9, –46, +25.95 kJ mol–1. Arrange
these in increasing order of stability.
III What are the signs of ΔH and ΔS for the process to be always spontaneous?
IV Give the mathematical expression for the second law of thermodynamics.
Short Answer Type – 1 Questions
10. a) For the reaction,
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) →2NH3 (g) ΔH = -95kJ and ΔS = -200JK-1
2
Calculate the temperature at which Gibbs energy change is equal to zero.
11. Change in internal energy is a state function while work is not, why?
12. The value of ΔfH for NH3 is – 91.8 kJ mol–1. Calculate enthalpy change for the
following reaction:
2NH3(g) → N2(g) + 3H2(g)
Short Answer Type – 1I Questions
13. a. For a reaction, ΔH is –ve, ΔS is +ve. Is this reaction spontaneous?
b. The standard heat of formation of Fe2O3 (s) is 824.2kJ mol-1 Calculate heat change
for the reaction.
4Fe(s) + 302 (g) 2Fe2O3(s)
14. An ideal gas is allowed to expand against a constant pressure of 2 bar from 10 L to
50 L in one step. Calculate the amount of work done by the gas.
15. The net enthalpy change of a reaction is the amount of energy required to break all
the bonds in reactant molecules minus amount of energy required to form all the
bonds in the product molecules. What will be the enthalpy change for the following
reaction?
H2(g) + Br2(g) → 2HBr(g)
Given that Bond energy of H2, Br2 and HBr is 435 kJ mol-1 , 192 kJ mol-1 and 368 kJ
mol–1 respectively.
Long Answer Type Questions
16. a. Define standard enthalpy of formation.
b. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of benzene from data
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Answers:
1. c
2. ΔS = -ve
3. (c)
4. (a)
5. (c)
6. (a)
7. (b)
8. (a)
9. I ΔH lattice enthalpy
II O3, HI, NH3, CaO
III ΔH -ve ΔS +ve
IV ΔS >0
10. -475K
11. The change in internal energy during a process depends only upon the initial state
and final state while work depends on upon the path followed.
12. 183.6 kJ mol–1
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13. a Yes, the reaction is spontaneous b ΔH° = ΣΔH°f (products) - ΣΔH°f(reactants) =
[2 x ΔH°fFe2O3] - [4ΔH°fFe(s) + 3ΔH°fO2(g)] =
2 (-824.2 kJ) - [4 x 0 + 3 x 0] = -1648.4 J
14. w = – pex (Vf –Vi ) = –2 × 40 = – 80 L bar
15. ΔrH =∑ bond enthalpies reactants =−∑ bond enthalpies products
=435+192−(2×368)kJmol−1 ΔrH
=−109KJmol−1
16. a Standard enthalpy of formation of a compound is the change in enthalpy when
one mole of the compound is formed from its elements in their standard states
under standard conditions i.e, at 298K and 101.3kPa pressure. b Required
equation 6C(s) + 3H2(g) → C6H6 (l) ΔfH =?
Given Data: C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) ΔcH = -393.5 KJ
H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O(l) ΔcH = -285.83 K
C6H6(l) + 15/2 O2(g) → 6CO2 + 3H2O ΔcH = -3267 KJ