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Forward and Backward Chaining

Forward chaining is a data-driven reasoning process that starts with input facts and applies inference rules to reach a goal. In contrast, backward chaining is a goal-driven approach that begins with the goal and works backward to find supporting facts. Both methods are used in expert systems, with forward chaining moving from known facts to conclusions and backward chaining breaking down goals into sub-goals to prove facts.

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7 views6 pages

Forward and Backward Chaining

Forward chaining is a data-driven reasoning process that starts with input facts and applies inference rules to reach a goal. In contrast, backward chaining is a goal-driven approach that begins with the goal and works backward to find supporting facts. Both methods are used in expert systems, with forward chaining moving from known facts to conclusions and backward chaining breaking down goals into sub-goals to prove facts.

Uploaded by

abiramilily78
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FORWARD CHAINING AND BACKWARD CHAINING

Forward Chaining

• It is the form of reasoning which starts with input data facts in the knowledge base and
applies inference rules in the forward direction to extract more data until a goal is reached.

• When decision is taken based on the available data then the process is called as forward
chaining.

Properties

• It moves from bottom to up (top)

• It is a process of making a conclusion based on known facts or data by starting from the
initial state and reach the goal state.

• It is otherwise called as data driven approach.

• Forward chaining is used in Expert systems

Backward Chaining:

A backward chaining algorithm is a form of reasoning, which starts with the goal and works
backward , chaining through the rules to find the known facts that supports the goal.

Properties

• It is known as top down approach

• In backward chaining goal is broken into sub goal and sub goals to prove the facts.

• It is otherwise called as goal driven approach, in which a list of goal decides which rules
are selected and used.
First iteration :

(ii) Rule 4 fires :

new sub goal to prove G is true

go backward

(iii) Rule 2 "fires''; conclusion: A is true

new sub goal to prove E is true

go backward;

(iv) no other rule fires; end of first iteration.

new sub goal found at

(iii)go for second iteration

Second iteration :

(v) Rule 3 fires :


conclusion B is true (2nd input found)

both inputs A and B ascertained

Proved

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