"

VI Class - CBSE
FUN WITH MAGNETS PHYSICS

WISE UP
Ø A magnet is a rock or a piece of metal that can pull certain types of metal toward itself.
Ø The first natural magnet was discovered in Magnesia, a town in Greece. When it is freely suspended,
it always rests in a definite direction, so it was also called lodestone.
Ø The force of magnets called magnetism. It is a basic force of nature like electricity and gravity.
Ø Magnetism works over a distance. i.e., a magnet does not have to be touching an object to pull it.

Ø It is possible to make a magnet by taking an existing magnet and rubbing another piece of metal
with it.
Ø Magnets are found in many devices that people use every day.
♦ Magnets used in motors.
♦ Doctors use magnetism in MRI devices.
♦ The magnets allow the trains to float above the track to avoide friction and move faster.

Ø Magnets does not attract all the type of materials. Based on the attraction property,the materials can be
classified into two types.
♦ Magnetic materials
♦ Non - magnetic materials
Ø The materials which are attracted by a magnet are called magnetic materials.
Examples : Iron, Steel, Cobalt, Nickel, etc...
Ø The materials which are not attracted by a magnet are called non - magnetic materials.
Examples : Paper, Wood, Brass, Plastic, Copper, Aluminium, etc.
Ø The earth itself behaves like a magnet. It has its own magnetic field.

Ø A magnetic compass is used by sailors and navigators to find the north - south direction.
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NCERT TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

1. Fill in the Blanks :
i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as _________, _________ and ________.
ii) The materials that are attracted towards magnets are called _____________.
iii) Paper is not a ___________ material.
iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ____________.
v) A magnet always has _________ poles.
Answers :
i) Bar magnets, horse-shoe magnets, cylindrical magnets
ii) Magnetic materials
iii) Magnetic
iv) Bar magnet
v) Two
2. State whether the following statements are 'True' or 'False' :
i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole .
ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.
iv) Maximum iron fillings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.
v) Bar magnets always point towards North - South direction.
vi) A compass can be used to find the East - West direction at any place.
vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Answers :
i) False ii) False iii) True iv) False
v) True vi) True vii) False
3. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although
its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
A. The blade of a pencil sharpener is made of iron. Iron is a magnetic material. Since magnets can attract
objects made of magnetic materials, a pencil sharpener gets attracted towards both the poles of a magnet.
4. Column - I shows different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed near that of the
other. Column- II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.
Column - I Column - II
N-N –––––––––
N – ____ Attraction
S–N ________
___ – S Repulsion
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A. Column - I Column - II
N-N Repulsion
N–S Attraction
S–N Attraction
S–S Repulsion

5. Write any two properties of a magnet.

A. The two properties of a magnet are given as follows:
1) Directive property : When a bar magnet suspended freely, a magnet always aligns itself in
North - South direction.
2) Attractive property : A magnet attracts magnetic materials like iron, cobalt, nickel etc.
6. Where are the poles of a bar magnet located?
A. The poles of a bar magnet are located near its two end points.

North pole South pole

N S

7. A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is
its north pole located?
A. A freely suspended bar magnet always comes to rest in the North - South direction. The north facing
end of the magnet is its north pole, the south facing end is its south pole. Hence the unknown poles of
a barmagnet can be marked by suspending it freely by a string.

East

S N
South North

West

8. You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?
A. 'Touch and stroke' method can be used to make an iron strip into a magnet. For this, bar magnet is
required. The bar magnet is moved along the length of the iron strip starting from one end to the other
end. Then the bar magnet is lifted from other end and brought to the starting point again with same
pole of the bar magnet. On repeating the process for atleast 40 to 50 times, the iron strip will become
a bar magnet with two poles.

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9. How is a compass used to find directions?

A. Compass is based on the directive property of magnet. In compass a magnetised needle is pivoted at
its centre which can rotate freely. The compass is kept at the place where we wish to know the
directions. The magnetised needle due to its directive property, shows the geographic North - South
directions.

North

West East

South

10. A magnet was brought from different directions towards a toy boat that has been floating in
water in a tub. Effect observed in each case is stated in Column- I possible reasons for the
observed effects are mentioned in Column - II. Match the statements given in Column - I with
those in Column - II.
Column - I Column - II
1) Boat gets attracted towards the magnet Boat is fitted with a magnet with north pole towards
its head
2) Boat is not affected by the magnet Boat is fitted with a magnet with south pole towards
its head
3) Boat moves towards the magnet if north Boat has a small magnet fixed along its length
pole of the magnet is brought near its head
4) Boat moves away from the magnet when Boat is made of magnetic material
north pole is brought near its head
5) Boat floats without changing its direction Boat is made of a non - magnetic material

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A. [Link]. Column - I Column - II

1) Boat gets attracted towards the magnet Boat is made of a magnetic material
2) Boat is not affected by the magnet Boat is made of a non - magnetic material
3) Boat moves towards the magnet if north Boat is fitted with a magnet with the south
pole of the magnet is brought near its head pole towards its head
4) Boat moves away from the magnet when Boat is fitted with a magnet with the north
the north pole is brought near its head pole towards its head
5) Boat floats without changing its direction Boat has a small magnet fixed along its length

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Which magnet is used in electric bell?
A. In an electric bell, U - shaped electromagnet is used.
2. In which direction a freely suspended magnet aligns itself?
A. A freely suspended magnet always aligns itself in the geographical north - south direction.
3. What happens when the north pole of a magnet is placed near the north pole of another magnet?
A. Like poles repel each other while unlike poles attract each other. Hence, both the magnets will
repel each other
4. Is it possible for a magnet to have only one pole?
A. No, the magnet always consists of poles in pair (two poles) i.e., a north pole and a south pole.
5. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of the sharpener.
A. Magnetic materials like iron or cobalt might have been used to make some part of the sharpener.
6. Name two magnetic and non magnetic materials.
A. Magnetic materials : iron, cobalt
Non - magnetic materials : Leather, plastic.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define magnetic and non magnetic substances, give examples for each
A. 1) Magnetic substances :The substances which are attracted by the magnets are called magnetic
substances. Ex : Iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc.,
2) Non-magnetic substances : The substances which are not attracted by the magnets are called
non-magnetic substances. Ex. Wood, Paper, Glass etc.,
2. What are the precautions to be taken to protect the magnets from loosing their magnetic
properties?
A. 1) Never drop the magnet from heights
2) Never heat the magnet
3) Do not hammer a magnet.

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3. What are the items that should be kept away from magnets and why?
A. Certain items such as CD's, DVD's, debit cards, credit cards or ATM cards, audio and video cassettes,
and mobile phones contain magnetic material. We should keep them away from magnets so as to
prevent damage.
4. What is a temporary magnet? What material is used for this purpose?
A. If a magnet loses its property within a very short period of time then it is called as temporary magnet.
They are usually made up of a soft iron.

5. What is a permanent magnet? What material is used for this purpose?

A. If a magnet retains its property for long period of time then it is called as permanent magnet. They are
usually made up of a steel.

6. Name the different types of magnets and explain where the poles are located.
A. The different types of magnets are
1) Bar magnets : In these magnets the poles are located near the ends of the bar.
2) Cylindrical magnets: In these magnets poles are located near the two circular ends of the
cylinder.
3) Dumb-bell shaped magnets: In these magnets the poles are located near the two dumb-bell
shaped ends.
4) Horse shoe magnets: In these magnets, the poles are located at the two free ends of the 'U'
shape.

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7. Few iron nails and screws got mixed with the wooden shavings while a carpenter was working
with them. How can you help him in getting the nails and screws back from the mixture with-
out wasting his time in searching with his hands?
A. Nails and screws are made up of iron which are magnetic materials where as wooden shavings are
non-magnetic materials. So we can separate them from the mixture with the help of magnet. Since
wooden shavings would not be attracted by magnet while the nails and screws will get stuck to the
magnet.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Why does earth behave as a huge magnet ?
A. Certain complex phenomenon inside the earth produces a magnetic effect, which makes the earth
behave like a huge bar magnet, with poles at its ends. The north pole of this imaginary magnet points
approximately towards geographical south pole and its south pole points approximately towards
geographical north pole. That is why, north pole of freely suspended magnet points north.

2. Where are the poles of bar magnet located? Suggest a method to locate them.
A. The poles of a bar magnet are located near its two end points. Place a magnet on paper and sprinkle
some iron fillings on it. It is observed that most of the iron fillings get attracted towards the ends
compared to the central portion indicating that the poles are located towards the end of the magnet.
3. Explain about lodestone.
A. 1) Magnus discovered a natural magnetic rock, called the lodestone.
2) In the form of a bar, it was used to find directions on the earth,
and so the name, 'lodestone', which means the stone that leads.
3) Lodestone has a compound of iron called magnetite.
4) It is believed that lodestone is used to pull nails from enemy ships.
5) Taking the nails out made the ships sink.
4. Explain with an activity to show that magnet has more magnetic strength at its poles ?
A. Spread some iron filings on a sheet of [Link], place
a bar magnet on this sheet. It was observed that observe
that more iron filings get attracted at the ends of magnet.
These ends are the poles of the magnet. Therefore magnet
has more magnetic strength at its poles.

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QUICK REVIEW
Ø Substances that possess the property of attracting magnetic materials are called magnets.
Ø A natural magnet is also called magnetite (or) load stone.
Ø Magnetite was first discovered at a place called Magnesia.
Ø The two ends of a magnet are called its poles.
Ø The two magnetic poles has same strength
Ø Magnet has more strength at poles than the middle.
Ø A magnet with a single pole does not exist.
Ø Materials that are attracted by magnets are called magnetic materials.
Ex : Iron, Nickel, Cobalt etc.,
Ø Materials that are not attracted by magnet are called non-magnetic materials.
Ex : Paper, Glass, Wood etc.,
Ø Laws of magnet: Unlike poles attract each other and like poles repel each other
Ø The man made magnets are called artificial magnets.
Ø There are different types of artificial magnets like bar magnet, horse shoe magnet, cylindrical magnet,
dumb - bell shaped magnets.
Ø Artificial magnets are stronger than natural magnets.
Ø A compass is an instrument used to find directions.
Ø A compass has freely suspended magnetic needle, which always shows north - south directions.

ANALYSE AND APPLY

1. A freely suspended magnet points in the _____________ direction.
2. The first magnets were found from a naturally occuring mineral of iron called __________.
3. If a bar magnet is brought near small iron nails it is observed that most of the nails cling near the
_____________ of the magnet.
4. If a bar magnet is broken at the middle in two parts each part is found to be a ____________
5. Artificial magnets are weaker than natural magnets. (T/F)
6. A magnet has no effect when it is heated to a high temperature . (T/F)
7. Single touch method is better than the electrical method for making a magnet. (T/F)
8. Magnetic keeper is a wooden piece. (T/F)

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9. Column - I Column - II
i) Steel p) to store magnets
ii) Soft iron q) temporary magnets
iii) Used in electric bell r) permanent magnet
iv) Magnetic kepers s) electromagnet.
10. Column - I Column - II
i) like poles p) attract
ii) unlike poles q) repel
iii) lode stone r) natural maget
iv) bismuth s) magnetic material
v) nickel t) non - magnetic material

OBJECTIVE EXERCISE
Multiple choice questions :
1. Which of the follwing is a magnetic substance. [ ]
a) paper b) cloth c) nickel d) leather
2. Which of the following is a non - magnetic material [ ]
a) iron b) cobalt c) paper d) nickel
3. Magnetic attraction is maxiumum [ ]
a) near the ends of the magnet b) near the middle of the magnet
c) near the one – third position d) none of these
4. When suspended freely, a magnet always aligns in [ ]
a) N – S direction b) S – E direction c) E – W direction d) Both (b) & (c)
5. Opposite poles of two magnets. [ ]
a) repel b) Attract c) both (a) & (b) d) None of these
6. How is a magnetic property destroyed [ ]
a) hammering b) heating c) both (a) & (b) d) None of these
7. Which iron is used for making a permanent magnet. [ ]
a) Hard steel and soft steel b) Hard steel and alloys
c) Paper and plastic d) Leather and cloth
8. Name the device where electromagnets are used [ ]
a) Electric bell b) loud speaker c) both (a) & (b) d) None of these
9. North pole of a magnet [ ]
a) attracts north pole b) repels north pole
c) Remains uneffected d) may attract or repel north pole
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10. Which iron is used for making a temporary magnet [ ]
a) hard b) soft c) both (a) & (b) d) None of these
11. Lodestone is a ––––––––––– magnet [ ]
a) Artificial b) Natural c) Both (a) & (b) d) None
12. ––––––––––– is sure test for magnetism [ ]
a) Attraction b) Repulsion c) Touching d) None
13. Earth is an example of ––––––––––– [ ]
a) Natural magnet b) Artificial magnet c) None of these d) Both (a) and (b)
14. The methods used to prepare artificial magnets are [ ]
a) Electrical method b) Fusion method c) Double touch method d) Both (a) and (c)
15. Magnetic lines of force [ ]
a) can never intersect each other b) are closed curves
c) can be found inside the magnet d) all the above
16. Magnet has more strength at ________ [ ]
a) Middle
b) Poles
c) Same at every where
d) depends on nature of magnet
17. Two bar magents were placed close to each other. Which of the sets given below will attract each other

S N S S
P) S N N S Q) N S R) S) S N [ ]
N S N N
a) P only b) Q and R only c) P and S only d) R only
18. If iron fillings are poured on a magnet, then we observe that [ ]
a) more fillings are attracted at ends of magnet
b) less fillings are attracted at ends of magnet
c) less fillings are attracted at middle of magnet
d) both a and c
19. Two identical bars, one which is steel and the other a magnet, are painted with the same colour
then we can identify the magnet [ ]
a) By bringing a compass near to the bars
b) By suspending them freely using a string
c) By bringing a magnet near to the bars
d) All the above

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20. If we cut the magnet into two pieces as shown in figure which type of pole is formed at ‘A’ and ‘B’
a) at ‘A’ South pole and at ‘B’ North pole N [ ]
N
b) at ‘A’ North pole and at ‘B’ South pole A
c) at ‘A’ South pole and at ‘B’ South pole 'B'
B
d) at ‘A’ North pole and at ‘B’ North pole
S S
Assertion & Reason Type Questions :
21. Assertion (A) : Earth is an example of Natural magnet. [ ]
Reason (R) : Inside the earth these is a huge magnet.
a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct, R is incorrect d) A is incorrect, R is correct
22. Assertion (A) : Most of the permanent magnets are made from steel. [ ]
Reason (R) : If a magnet retains its property for long period of time then it is called as permanent
magnet.
a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct, R is incorrect d) A is incorrect, R is correct
23. Assertion (A) : Magnetite is a natural magnet. [ ]
Reason (R) : Magnetite was first discovered at a place called magnesia
a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct, R is incorrect d) A is incorrect, R is correct
24. Assertion (A) : Magnet has more strength at pole. [ ]
Reason (R) : Maximum iron filings stick at the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near
them.
a) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct, R is incorrect
d) A is incorrect, R is correct

Olympiad Corner :

1. Like poles ..... [ ]

a) attract b) do not exist c) repel d) all the above
2. –––––––– attract each other [ ]
a) unlike poles b) like poles c) magnet and wood d) magnet and gold
3. Earth magnet has its south pole situated in [ ]
a) East direction b) North direction c) South direction d) West direction

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4. Magnets can have a shape of [ ]
a) Ring b) Disc c) Horseshoe d) all the above
5. Among the following Cylindrical magnet is _________ [ ]

a) b) c) d)

6. The substance which are repelled by the magnets are called ______ [ ]
a) Magnetic b) Non magnetic c) Dia magnetic d) All the above
7. The iron nail is behaves like ______ when electric current is passed around it [ ]

a) Wood b) glass c) Magnet d) No change

8. An iron bar becomes bar magnet when one of the poles of a bar magnet is rubbed on it several times.
This is known as [ ]
a) magnetization b) electro magnetization
c) induction d) all the above
9. Magnetic property possessed by a magnetic substance due to the presence of a magnet near to it is
called [ ]
a) magnetization b) electro magnetization
c) induction d) all the above
10. An ore of iron that acts as natural magnet is [ ]
a) magnetite b) iron c) copper d) heamatite
11. Chemically natural magnet is : [ ]
a) H2O b) Fe2O3 c) Fe3O4 d) FeO
12. The property that differentiates a magnet from other substances is its : [ ]
a) attractive property b) directive property c) both (a) and (b) d) repel property
13. The directive property of magnet was first used by : [ ]
a) soldiers b) carpenters c) masons d) sailors

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14. We do not use natural magnets in various devices because [ ]
a) they are brittle and cannot be shaped b) they are very weak magnetic strength
c) both (a) and (b) d) they are very strong
15. Most of the permanent magnets are made from : [ ]
a) soft iron b) steel c) copper d) iron
16. A metal scrap contains steel, copper, zinc, nickel and iron. The metals that can be removed from the
scrap with help of a powerful magnet are : [ ]
a) steel, nickel and iron b) steel, nickel and copper
c) steel and nickel d) steel and iron
17. An iron wire is taken towards the north pole and then towards the south pole of a freely suspended
magnetic needle. The poles of the magnetic needle will [ ]
a) attracted by the iron wire b) be repelled by iron wire
c) not affected by iron wire d) none of the above.
18. One end of a bar magnet is brought near the south pole of a freely suspended magnetic needle. It is
seen that south pole of the magnetic needle gets repelled. The polarity of the end of the bar magnet is:
a) east b) north c) south d) west [ ]
19. Few common pins are placed on a table with a glass top. A powerful bar magnet is moved under the
glass top. The common pins will : [ ]
a) not move b) move in the direction of magnet
c) move opposite to the direction of magnet d) none of the above
20. A bar magnet is hammered for some time. Its magnetic strength : [ ]
a) is likely to increase b) will not change
c) is likely to decrease d) none of the above
21. Two common pins A and B are made to stick to the south pole of a bar magnet. The pins will :
a) not move [ ]
Bar magnet
b) move away to each other
s
c) move towards to each other

d) falls down AB
22. Two common pins A and B are made to stick to either of the poles of a horse shoe magnet. The pins
will: [ ]
a) not move

b) move away to each other

c) move towards to each other

N S
d) falls down

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KEY
1. MOTION AND MEASUREMENT

Multiple choice questions :

1) c 2) b 3) d 4) c 5) c 6) c 7) a 8) b
9) c 10) c 11) b 12) c 13) c 14) c 15) c 16) c
17) b 18) b 19) a 20) dK 21) a 22) d 23) a 24) a

Olympiad corner :

1) b 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) b 6) d 7) c 8) c
9) a 10) b 11) c 12) a 13) b 14) b 15) b 16) c
17) b 18) a 19) c 20) b

2. LIGHT, SHADOWS & REFLECTION

Multiple choice questions :

1) d 2) d 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) c
9) a 10)a 11) a 12) c 13) a 14) d 15) b 16) b
17) d 18) a 19) d 20) d 21) a 22) a 23) c 24) a

Olympiad corner :

1) a 2) d 3) d 4) b 5) c 6) b 7) c 8) a
9) c 10) d 11) d 12) a 13) b 14) b 15) b 16) d
17) d 18) d 19) b 20) b

3. ELECTRICITY AND CIRCUITS

Multiple choice questions :
1) a 2) d 3) d 4) a 5) c 6) a 7) c 8) c
9) c 10) d 11) c 12) d 13) c 14) c 15) d 16) b
17) b 18) a 19) b

Olympiad corner :
1) c 2) d 3) b 4) b 5) b 6) b 7) a 8) d
9) b 10) d 11) a 12) c 13) d 14) a 15) a 16) a
17) d 18) c 19) d 20) d
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4. FUN WITH MAGNETS

Multiple choice questions :

1) c 2) c 3) a 4) a 5) b 6) c 7) b 8) c
9) b 10) b 11) b 12) b 13) a 14) d 15) d 16) b
17) d 18) d 19) d 20) a 21) c 22) b 23) b 24) c

Olympiad corner :

1) c 2) a 3) b 4) d 5) a 6) c 7) c 8) a
9) c 10) a 11) c 12) b 13) d 14) c 15) b 16) a
17) a 18) c 19) b 20) c 21) b 22) c

6
MISCELLANEOUS DATA

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Ø Important Physical Quantities and their formule, units :

[Link]. Physical quantity Formula Dimensional SI unit

formula
1. Volume length × breadth × height [M0L3T0] m3
2. Density mass / volume [ML–3T0] kg m3
3. Linear density mass / length [ML–1T0] kg m–1
density of substance
4. Relative density [M0L0T0] no units
density of water
5. Pressure, stress force / area [ML–1T–2] N m–2
6. Velocity displacement / time [M0LT–1] m s–1
7. Speed distance / time [M0LT–1] m s–1
8. Acceleration force / mass [M0LT–2] m s–2
9. Force mass × acceleration [M1LT–2] kg m s–2
10. Momentum (linear) mas × velocity [ML1T–1] kg m s–1
11. Impulse force × time [ML1T–1] kg m s–1
12. Moment of force or torque force × displacement [ML2T–2] Nm
13. Work force × displacement [ML2T–2] joule
14. All energies [ML2T–2] joule
15. Power force × velocity [ML2T–3] watt
Q
16. Specific heat [L2T–2K–1] J kg–1K–1
mΔθ
17. Molar specific heat CP – CV = R [ML2T–2 K–1] mol–1 J mol–1 K–1
18. Electric current i=Q/t [M0L0T0I1] ampere
19. Electric charge Q = it [M0L0T1I1] coulomb
20. Intensity of electric field E = F/Q [MLT–3I–1] N C–1
W
21. Electric Potential [ML2T–3 I–1] volt
Q

W
22. Electromotiveforce(emf) [ML2T–3 I–1] volt
Q

V Power
23. Electric resistance R= = [ML2T–3 I–2] ohm
I I2
RA
24. Resistivity ρ= [ML2T–3 I–2] ohm meter
L
1
25. Conductivity σ= [M–1L–3T3I2] Sm–1
ρ

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Ø In SI, multiples and submultiples are as follows :
[Link]. Multiplication Prefix Symbol [Link]. Multiplication Prefix Symbol
factor factor
1. * 10 deca da 9. * 10–1 deci d
2. * 102 hecto h 10. * 10–2 centi c
3. 103 kilo k 11. 10–3 milli m
4. 106 mega M 12. 10–6 micro μ
5. 10 9 giga G 13. 10–9 nano n
6. 10 12 tera T 14. 10–12 pico p
7. 1015 peta P 15. 10–15 femto f
8. 10 18 exa E 16. 10–18 atto a
Note : The multiplication factors with '*' are not SI prefixes but are commonly in use.
Ø Some practical units of length in various branches of physics : (These are not SI units)
• Micron ( μ m ) = 10–6 m = 10–4 cm
• Angstrom (A0) = 10-10 m = 10-8 cm
• Fermi = 10–15 m = 10–13 cm
• Light year = 9.5 × 10 m 15 = 9.5 × 1012 km
(Light year is the distance travelled by light in vacuum in one year)
Ø Some practical units of mass in various branches of physics (These are not SI units) :
Commercial Units
• 1 metric ton = 1000 kg
• 1 quintal = 100 kg
• 1 pound = 0.453 kg
• Atomic mass unit (1 amu) = 1.67 × 10–27 kg
• Astronomical Unit of mass (Solar mass) = 2 × 1030 kg
Ø Some practical units of time in various branches of physics (These are not SI units) :
• 1 Shake = 10–8 s
• 1 Minute = 60 s
• 1 Hour = 60 minute = 3600 s
• 1 mean solar day = 1 × 24 hour
= 1 × 24 × 60 minute
= 1 × 24 × 60 × 60 s
= 86400 s
• Month = 30 days (April, June, September and November)
= 31 days (January, March, May, July, August, October and December)
= 28 days (February in other than leap year)
= 29 days (February in a leap year)
• Lunar Month = 4 weeks = 27.3 days (approximately)
• Year = 365.25 days
= 366 days (leap year)
• Decade = 10 years
• Century = 100 years

54
• Millennium = 1000 years
6 Varsity Education Management Pvt. Ltd.