DBMS- Database
Management System
What is data?
• Data is a collection of facts, numbers, letters or symbols that the computer process into meaningful
information.
What is information?
• Information is processed data, stored, or transmitted by a computer.
What is a database?
• A Database is a collection of logically related data organized in a way that data can be easily accessed,
managed and updated.
What is a table?
• A table is a collection of data elements organized in terms of rows and columns. Table is the simplest form of
data storage.
What is a field?
• Each column is identified by a distinct header called attribute or field.
What is a record?
• A single entry in a table is called a record or row. A record in a table represents set of related data.
• Records are also called the tuple.
Database in Real Life Applications
• Application Database to maintain data about
• Banking - Customer information, account details, loan details, transaction details, etc.
• Crop Loan - kisan credit card data, farmer’s personal data, land area and cultivation data, loan history,
repayment data, etc.
• Inventory Management - product details, customer information, order details, delivery data, etc.
• Organisation Resource Management - employee records, salary details, department information, branch
locations, etc.
• Online Shopping- items description, user login details, users preferences details, etc.
Features/Advantages of Database
• Redundancy can be minimized or controlled: In DBMS environment if redundancy is present, then it can
be controlled by propagating updates in all the places where ever redundant data is present.
• Data Integrity: Data Integrity refers to the correctness of the data in the database. In other words, the data
available in the database is reliable data.
• Data Sharing: In DBMS, data is stored in the centralized database and all the permitted users can access the
same piece of information required at the same time.
• Database Security: DBMS provides a variety of security mechanisms for the user to protect his or her data
stored in the database.
• Supports Concurrent access: DBMS supports concurrent access to the same data stored in the database by
applying locking and time stamp mechanisms.
What is DBMS?
• A database management system (DBMS) or database system in short, is a software that can be used to create
and manage databases. DBMS lets users to create a database, store, manage, update/modify and retrieve data
from that database by users or application programs. Some examples of open source and commercial DBMS
include MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Microsoft Access, MongoDB.
Types of DBMS
• Relational database.
• Object oriented database.
• Hierarchical database.
• Network database.
Hierarchial
• A hierarchical database is a data model in which data is stored in the form of records and organized
into a tree-like structure, or parent-child structure, in which one parent node can have many child
nodes connected through links.
• It is a system where the data elements have a one to many relationship (1: N). Here data
is organized like a tree which is similar to a folder structure in your computer system.
• The hierarchy starts from the root node, connecting all the child nodes to the parent node.
Network
A network database is a type of
database model wherein multiple
member records or files can be
linked to multiple owner files and
vice versa. The model can be
viewed as an upside-down tree
where each member information
is the branch linked to the
owner, which is the bottom of
the tree
A Network database management
system is a system where the data
elements maintain one to one
relationship (1: 1) or many to many
relationship (N: N).
It also has a hierarchical structure,
but the data is organized like a graph
Object Oriented Database
It is a system where information or data is represented in the form of objects which is used in object-oriented programming.
•It is a combination of relational database concepts and object-oriented principles.
•Relational database concepts are concurrency control, transactions, etc.
•OOPs principles are data encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
•It requires less code and is easy to maintain.
The object oriented database is represented in diagram format below −