Contents
A. Formal letter -------------------------- Error! Bookmark not defined.
B. Informal letter: ------------------------ Error! Bookmark not defined.
E. Bird’s eye view -------------------------------------------------------------- 4
F. Solved Examples------------------------------------------------------------ 4
G. Practicxe yourself ---------------------------------------------------------- 4
H. Solutions ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
CHAPTER-6
Types of sentences
A. Sentence:
A sentence can be defined as the set of words that is complete in itself, typically
containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement, question,
exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and sometimes one
or more subordinate clauses.
B. Types of Sentences:
Based on the structure, a sentence is divided in the following three types:
(i). Simple Sentences:
A simple sentence contains a subject (the doer of an action or the person or
thing being talked about) and a predicate (a verb or verbal phrase that
describes the action) and expresses a complete thought as an independent
clause.
For e.g.- My name is Radhika.
(ii). Complex Sentences:
A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least
one dependent clause.
For e.g. - When you don’t do your homework it makes me angry.
(iii). Compound Sentences:
A compound sentence has two or more separate independent clauses
connected by coordinating conjunctions.(FANBOYS)
For e.g. - I like tea, but Mahesh likes coffee.
C. Transformation of Sentences:
(i)Conversion of a Simple Sentence into a Complex Sentence:
By expanding a word or a phrase into a noun clause
Simple : I was glad to know of his success.
Complex : I was glad to know that he had succeeded.
By expanding a word or a phrase into an adjective clause
Simple : A dead man tells no tales.
Complex : A man who is dead tells no tales.
By expanding a word or a phrase into an adverb clause
Simple : He felt sorry on finding out his mistake.
Complex : He felt sorry when he found out his mistake.
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Types of sentences
(ii) Conversion of Complex Sentences into Simple Sentences:
By converting an adjective clause into a word or a phrase
Complex : All that glitters is not gold.
Simple : All glittering things are not gold.
By converting an adverb clause into a word or a phrase
Complex : You may do it when you please.
Simple : You may do it at your pleasure.
By converting a noun clause into a word or a phrase
Complex : I am responsible for what I do.
Simple : I am responsible for my actions
(iii) Conversion of Simple Sentences into Compound Sentences
By using correlative conjunctions
Simple : In addition to useful advice, he gave me financial help.
Compound : He gave me not only useful advice but also financial help.
By using coordinating conjunctions
Simple : Taking off his clothes, he jumped into the river
Compound : He took off his clothes and jumped into the river.
(iv) Conversion of Compound Sentences into Simple Sentences:
By using Prepositional phrase
Compound : He is a Russian by birth, but he speaks Hindi like his mother tongue
Simple : In spite of being a Russian by birth, He speaks Hindi like his mother
tongue.
By using Participle
Compound : The umpire found the light poor and decided to call off the day’s
play.
Simple : Finding the light poor, the umpire decided to call off the day’s play.
By using Infinitive
Compound : You must observe austerity, or you will not become morally strong.
Simple : You must observe austerity to become morally strong.
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Types of sentences
(v) Conversion of Compound Sentences into Complex Sentences:
Compound sentences with ‘and’
Compound : He wanted to win the prize and worked hard.
Complex : He worked hard so that he might win the prize.
Compound sentences with conjunctions like but, or, still, however, nevertheless
Compound : Attend your classes regularly, or you will fall short of attendance.
Complex : If you do not attend your classes regularly, you will fall short of
attendance. Compound sentences with conjunctions like otherwise, else,
therefore either…or
Compound : I can not afford to buy many books, therefore I usually study in the
library.
Complex : Since I can not afford to buy many books, I usually study in the library.
(vi) Conversion of Complex Sentences into Compound Sentences:
By using ‘and’
Complex : Everybody knows that man is mortal.
Compound : Man is mortal and this fact everybody knows.
By using conjunctions like but, still, however, nevertheless etc
Complex : Although they lost the match, they were not disgraced.
Compound : They lost the match, but they were not disgraced.
By using Alternative conjunctions like or, otherwise, else, either…or etc.
Complex : If you don’t surrender your arms immediately, you will be shot
dead.
Compound : Surrender your arms immediately, or you will be shot dead.
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Types of sentences
C. Bird’s-eye view
1. A sentence can be defined as the set of words that is complete in itself,
typically containing a subject and predicate, conveying a statement,
question, exclamation, or command, and consisting of a main clause and
sometimes one or more subordinate clauses.
2. An independent clause expresses a complete thought.
3. A dependent clause needs support to convey its meaning.
4. Sentences can be divided into three types based on their structures. For
e.g. Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences and Complex Sentences.
5. Sentences can be transformed into each other by following the basic rules
of conversions.
D. Solved examples
Identify the sentences given below as Simple, Compound or Complex
Sentences:
1. I ate a sandwich today.
2. Fish swim and birds fly.
3. If I come to your house you will be shocked.
Transform the following sentence from Simple to Compound: 1. He must go
to finish the work.
4. He must go and finish the work.
Transform the following sentence from Complex to Simple:
5. As I performed very well in my school, I got the first prize.
6. Simple: Performing very well in the school, I got the first prize.
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Types of sentences
E. Practice Yourself
Identify the following sentences as Simple, Compound or Complex
sentences:
1. I missed my bus today.
2. I visited Mount Abu but my cousin visited Jaipur.
3. As soon as ma’am goes outside we start talking.
4. I live in a big house.
5. Even though we are rich, we like to save our money
Transform the following sentences into a Simple Sentence:
1. The old woman, being weak, could not walk properly.
2. Taking off their shirts the children jumped into the river.
3. I met my friend today.
F. Solutions
1. Simple Sentence.
2. Compound Sentence.
3. Complex Sentence.
4. Simple Sentence.
5. Complex Sentence
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Types of sentences
1. The old woman was weak therefore she could not walk properly.
2. The children took off their shirts and jumped into the river.
3. The given sentence is already a Simple Sentence and hence, can’t be
transformed.
4. I will come to your house if you don’t come to mine.
5. When I grow up.
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