Programming Assignment Unit 2

E-commerce System with Java

1. Introduction

This assignment implements a comprehensive E-commerce System using Java that provides

online shopping functionality for customers. The program demonstrates practical application of

object-oriented programming principles, package organization, and encapsulation in Java. The

system enables customers to browse products, manage shopping carts, and place orders while

showcasing robust Java programming techniques with proper input validation and error

handling.

The implementation emphasizes proper software architecture through the use of Java packages

and import statements, ensuring clean separation of concerns and maintainable code structure.

The system is organized into logical packages that encapsulate related functionality,

with [Link] containing core business entities and [Link] specializing

in order management operations.

Key features of the system include product catalog management, customer account handling,

shopping cart operations, order processing, and comprehensive inventory tracking. The program

demonstrates sophisticated understanding of Java encapsulation through appropriate access

modifiers, getter/setter methods, and business logic validation.

This e-commerce solution provides a foundation for scalable online retail operations while

serving as an exemplary demonstration of Java package organization, class design, and object-

oriented programming best practices in a real-world business context.

i. Program Structure in eclipse

Screenshot 1: Eclipse Package Explorer showing project structure with proper package

organization
ii. Product Class implementation

Screenshot 2: Product class implementation showing attributes, constructors, and business

methods
iii. Customer Class implementation

Screenshot 3: Customer class with shopping cart management and order placement
iv. Order Class implementation

Screenshot 4: Order class implementation in [Link] package

Screenshot 5: Main class demonstrating package usage and system functionality

Program Structure and Design:

The E-commerce System is implemented using proper Java package organization with clear

separation of concerns. The system follows object-oriented principles with encapsulation at its

core, using private fields with public getters/setters to control access to class attributes.

Key Components:

a) Package Organization:

 [Link] package contains core business classes (Product, Customer)

 [Link] package specializes in order management functionality

 Proper use of import statements to access classes across packages

b) Product Class:

 Represents products with attributes: productID, name, price, description, stockQuantity

 Includes business logic for stock management (increaseStock, decreaseStock)

 Implements input validation for price and stock quantity

 Overrides toString(), equals(), and hashCode() for proper object handling

 Manages customer information and shopping cart operations

 Implements shopping cart functionality: add/remove products, calculate totals

 Handles order placement with automatic stock updates

 Includes cart viewing and management capabilities

d) Order Class:

 Manages order lifecycle from creation to delivery

 Implements order status tracking with predefined constants

 Generates comprehensive order summaries

 Includes business logic for order cancellation and stock restoration

Input Validation Implementation:

 Price validation to prevent negative values

 Stock quantity validation ensuring non-negative inventory

 Empty cart validation before order placement

 Order status validation with predefined valid states

 Null checks for product and customer references

Programming Concepts Demonstrated:

 Package and Import Statements: Proper organization using Java packages

 Encapsulation: Private fields with public accessors and mutators

 Exception Handling: Comprehensive input validation with meaningful error messages

 Collections Framework: ArrayList for shopping cart and product management

 Modularity: Independent, reusable components with well-defined interfaces

 Data Hiding: Restricted access to internal class implementation details

Business Logic Implementation:

 Automatic order ID generation using timestamp and customer ID

 Real-time stock synchronization during order processing

 Shopping cart total calculation

 Order status workflow management (PENDING → CONFIRMED → SHIPPED →

DELIVERED)

 Inventory management with stock increase/decrease operations

4. Program Execution

The program executes in a structured sequence demonstrating all e-commerce functionalities:

Execution Steps:

1. Compile all Java files in the package structure

2. Run the Main class to start the system

Program Flow:

 System initialization with welcome message

 Product catalog creation and display

 Customer registration and profile setup

 Shopping cart operations (add/remove products)

 Order placement with automatic stock updates

 Comprehensive error handling demonstration

 Final inventory status reporting

Output Includes:

 Product information with stock levels

 Customer profiles and cart contents

 Order summaries with status tracking

 Real-time inventory updates

 Validation error messages

 Business logic execution results

The program successfully demonstrates package integration, encapsulation, and all required e-

commerce operations through clear, sequential output.

Complete Program Output Demonstrating E-commerce System Workflow

Screenshot 6: Complete program execution output showing system initialization, product

creation, customer registration, shopping cart operations, order processing, status management,

error handling, and final inventory status in a single integrated view

The E-commerce System successfully demonstrates comprehensive online shopping

functionality through practical Java implementation with proper package organization. The
program showcases efficient business logic processing using object-oriented principles,

providing robust product management, shopping cart operations, and order processing

capabilities.

The implementation effectively meets all assignment requirements through:

Package Organization Success:

 Clear separation of concerns using [Link] and [Link] packages

 Proper use of import statements for cross-package class access

 Logical grouping of related functionality for maintainability

Encapsulation Achievement:

 Comprehensive data hiding through private class attributes

 Controlled access via public getter and setter methods

 Business logic encapsulation within appropriate classes

 Protection of internal implementation details

Functionality Implementation:

 Complete product lifecycle management with inventory tracking

 Robust shopping cart operations including add, remove, and total calculation

 Comprehensive order processing with status management

 Effective error handling and input validation throughout the system

The use of modular programming principles results in maintainable, readable, and extensible

code that demonstrates sophisticated understanding of Java package organization and object-

oriented design patterns. The system provides a solid foundation that could be extended with

additional features such as payment processing, user authentication, or database integration.

building scalable business applications while meeting all specified technical requirements for

package usage, encapsulation, and e-commerce functionality.

References

Oracle. (2023). Java SE 17 Documentation - Packages. Retrieved from

[Link]

Oracle. (2023). Java SE 17 Documentation - Collections Framework. Retrieved from

[Link]

[Link]

Oracle. (2023). Java SE 17 Documentation - Object-Oriented Programming Concepts. Retrieved

from [Link]

Eclipse Foundation. (2023). Eclipse IDE User Guide. Retrieved from

[Link]