2/6/26, 5:07 PM IB Mathematics AI HL Questionbank - Complex Numbers

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IB Mathematics AI HL - Questionbank
Complex Numbers
Cartesian/ Polar/ Euler Form, Operations (+-x/) & Powers, Argand Diagrams, Applications
with Sin/ Cos Waves...

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Question 1

Easy

[Maximum mark: 5]

In this question give all angles in radians.

Let z = 1 + 2i and w = 4 + i .

(a) Find z + w. [1]

(b) Find:

(i) ∣z + w∣;

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(ii) arg(z + w). [2]
(c) Find θ, the angle shown on the diagram below. [2]

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Question 2

Medium

[Maximum mark: 7]

Let z = 2 + i and w = 1 − 2i .

(a) Find zw. [2]

(b) Illustrate z , w and zw on the same Argand diagram. [3]

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(c) Let θ be the angle between zw and w. Find θ, giving your answer in radians. [2]

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Question 3

Medium

[Maximum mark: 6]

The complex numbers z and w correspond to the points A and B as shown on the diagram below.

(a) Find the exact value of ∣z − w∣. [2]

(b) (i) Find the exact perimeter of triangle AOB.

(ii) Find the exact area of triangle AOB. [4]

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Question 4

Medium

[Maximum mark: 6]
7π
Let z1 = 2 3 cis( ), z3 = 2 cis θ, and z2 = z1 + z3 be represented by the points
12
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

A, B and C on an Argand diagram as shown below.

The shape OABC is a rectangle.

π
(a) Show that θ = . [1]
12
​

(b) Find arg(z1 − z2 ).

​ ​
[1]

(c) Express z2 in modulus-argument form.

​ [4]

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Question 5

Medium

[Maximum mark: 6]

A circle is drawn on an Argand diagram as shown below. The tangent to the circle from the point B(0, 9) meets
the circle at the point A as shown. Let w = OA.

(a) Show that ∣w∣ = 3 3. ​ [2]

(b) Find arg w. [2]

(c) Hence write w in the form a + bi where a, b ∈ R. [2]

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Question 6

Hard

[Maximum mark: 8]

Consider the complex number z , such that z = 2e a i , where ∣a∣ > 1, a ∈ R.

π ​

(a) Show that z can never be a positive real number. [2]

Now consider the complex number w, such that w = − 2 + ​ 2i. There is one value of a such that
​
z
w ​ is a
positive real number.

(b) Find this value of a. [6]

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Question 7
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Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

On an Argand diagram, the complex numbers z1 = 2 + 2 3 i , z2 = 1 − i and z3 = z1 z2 are represented by the

​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

vertices of a triangle.

Find the area of the triangle.

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Question 8

Hard

[Maximum mark: 5]

Consider two sinusoidal functions with the same period, S1 and S2 , given by
​ ​

S1 = 8 cos(bx − 30∘ )
​ and S2 = 6 cos(bx + 30∘ )
​
​

The two sinusoidal functions are combined to make the equation S1 + S2 = A cos (bx + α). ​ ​

Find the value of A and the value of α.

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Question 9

Hard

[Maximum mark: 8]

Consider two power sources with voltages V1 and V2 respectively, where ω is the frequency of the power source
​

in Hertz (Hz) and t is time in seconds.

It is given that

V1 = 161 sin(ωt + 1.047) .

​
​

When the two power sources are combined, the resultant voltage V1 + V2 is given by ​ ​

VT = 240 sin(ωt + 1.883) .

​
​

(a) Find V2 . Give your answer in the form a sin(ωt + b), where a, b ∈ R.
​ [6]

(b) Hence, determine the difference in phase shift between V1 and V2 . ​ ​ [2]

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Question 10
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Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

Points A and B represent the complex numbers z1 = ​ 3 − i and z2 = −3 − 3i as shown on an Argand diagram
​ ​

below.

(a) Find the angle AOB. [2]

(b) Find the argument of z1 z2 . ​ ​ [1]

(c) Given that the real powers of pz1 z2 , for p > 0, all lie on a unit circle centred at the origin, find the exact
​ ​

value of p. [3]

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Question 11

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Hard

[Maximum mark: 8]

3π
2 cis ( ) and w = 2 cis( ) , where n ∈ Z+ .
nπ
Let z =
8 24
​ ​ ​

(a) Find the value of z 6 . Give your answer in the form re iθ , where r ≥ 0, −π < θ ≤ π . [2]

(b) Find the value of (wz)4 for n = 5. Give your answer in the form re iθ , where r ≥ 0, −π < θ ≤ π . [3]
z
(c) Find the smallest integer n > 9 such that ∈ R.
​
[3]
w

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Question 12

Hard

[Maximum mark: 12]

Consider the following diagram modelling the height of a wave as it approaches a beach.

The height of the wave, in metres, can be modelled by the function

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h1 = a sin(bt) + d
​
​

Where a, b, d ∈ Z, and t is time in seconds.

(a) Find the value of

(i) d;

(ii) a;

(iii) b. [4]

(b) Hence determine the length of time that the height of the wave is more than 4 metres in the first two
seconds. [3]

A second wave can be modelled as h2 = 3 sin(11t − 1.1) + 3.

​

The cumulative effect of the two waves, hT , can be modelled as hT = h1 + h2 .

​ ​ ​ ​

(c) Given that hT = im(z1 + z2 ) + 6, where z1 and z2 are complex functions of t, find an expression for hT .
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

Give your answer in the form

hT = p sin(11t − q) + 6
​
​ ​

Where p, q ∈ R+ . [5]

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Question 13

Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

Let z = re i 3 where r ∈ R+ .
π ​

(a) For r = 2,
​

(i) express z 2 and z 3 in the form a + bi where a, b ∈ R;

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2 3
(ii) draw z and z on the following Argand diagram. [4]

(b) Given that the integer powers of w = (3 − 3i)z lie on a unit circle centred at the origin, find the value of r
. [2]

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Question 14

Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

Let z = re i 6 where r ∈ R+ .
π ​

(a) For r = 3,
​

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2 3
(i) express z and z in the form a + bi where a, b ∈ R;

(ii) draw z 2 and z 3 on the following Argand diagram. [4]

z
(b) Given that the integer powers of w = lie on a unit circle centred
6 + 2i
​

at the origin, find the value of r. [2]

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Question 15

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Hard

[Maximum mark: 5]

Two voltage sources are connected to a circuit. At time t milliseconds (ms), the voltage from the first source is
V1 (t) = 12 cos(20t) and the voltage from the second source is V2 (t) = 18 cos(20t + 5), where both V1 (t) and
​ ​ ​

V2 (t) are measured in volts.

​

(a) Write, in the form V (t) = A cos(ωt + φ), an expression for the total voltage in the circuit at time t ms. [4]

(b) Hence write down the highest voltage in the circuit. [1]

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Question 16

Hard

[Maximum mark: 13]

The sunset time in Paris can be modelled by the function

S(t) = 1.85 sin(0.52t − 1.57) + 19.5

where t is time in months, from the beginning of January.

The sunrise time can similarly be modelled by

R(t) = 1.35 sin(0.52t − 4.7) + 7.5

Both S(t) and R(t) are measured in hours since midnight.

S(t) can be expressed as im(z1 ) + 19.5 and R(t) can be expressed as im(z2 ) + 7.5, where z1 , z2 ∈ C.
​ ​ ​ ​

(a) Write down expressions for z1 and z2 . Give your answers in the form z1,2 = r eθi .
​ ​ ​ [2]

The number of daylight hours in Paris, D(t), is given by D(t) = S(t) − R(t).
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(b) Hence show that the number of hours of daylight in Paris can be modelled by the function

D(t) = 3.20 sin(0.52t − 1.57) + 12

[6]

(c) According to the model, find:

(i) the highest number of hours of daylight in a year;

(ii) The approximate number of months per year in which there is at least 14 hours of daylight. [5]

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Question 17

Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

Ali is swimming in a public pool with some of his friends. At time t seconds, he encounters some waves with
height h1 (t) = 0.15 sin(3t) from big Bobby jumping into the pool, and waves of height h2 (t) = 0.08 sin(3t +
​ ​

1.25) from small Suzie jumping into the pool. Both h1 (t) and h2 (t) are measured in metres.
​ ​

(a) Write, in the form h(t) = A sin(ωt + φ), an expression for the total height of the waves Ali encounters at
time t seconds. [3]

(b) Find the times in the first 5 seconds when Ali isn't affected by any waves. [2]

(c) Find the first time when the waves reaching Ali has maximum height. [1]

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Question 18

Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

The revenues of a four seasons hotel can be modelled by the function

R(t) = 58.2 sin(0.0172t − 1.25) + 204,

where t is the number of days after midnight on 31 December.

In a similar way, the operating costs of the hotel can be modelled by the function

C(t) = 31.4 sin(0.0172t + 1.14) + 85.0.

Both R(t) and C(t) are measured in thousand dollars.

(a) Show that the profits of the hotel can be modelled by the function P(t) = 83.9 sin(0.0172t − 1.51) + 119. [3]

(b) According to the model, find:

(i) the highest profit the hotel will make;

(ii) the date on which the highest profit will occur. [3]

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Question 19

Hard

[Maximum mark: 6]

In an unbalanced three-phase electrical circuit, the current at time t ms is given by

3π 5π
I(t) = 2 sin(5t) + 5 sin(5t − ) + 10 sin(5t − ),
4 4
​ ​

where I(t) is measured in milliamperes (mA).

(a) Write I(t) in the form A cos(ωt + φ). [4]

(b) Hence find the highest current flowing through the circuit, and the time it first occurs. [2]

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