1. A bakery sells two types of pastries.

The number of croissants sold each day follows the

function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏, and the number of muffins sold follows the function 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑,
where x represents the number of hours the shop has been open.

a. Compute (f + g) (x) and;

Solution:
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) Conceptual (Understanding what the notation means.)
𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1, 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3 Procedural (Follow steps to substitute and prepare to
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = (2𝑥 + 1) + (𝑥 2 − 3) simplify.)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 2 − 3 Procedural (Simplifying the expression through steps.)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1 − 3
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 Computational (Doing actual arithmetic calculations.)

b. Find (f + g) (3)
Solution:
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2 Conceptual (Understanding what the notation means.)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = 32 + 2(3) − 2 Procedural (Substituting the value into the function.)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = 9 + 6 − 2 Computational (Doing actual arithmetic calculations.)
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = 13

2. A movie streaming service adjusts a user's subscription period based on promotions. The
function 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝒙 + 𝟒 represents the number of months a user actually gets when they sign up
for x months. The total cost of the subscription is then determined by the function 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 −
𝟓, where x is the number of months received after the adjustment.

 Find (f ∘ g)(x), which represents the total cost based on the originally chosen months x.
Solution:
Conceptual (Understanding the meaning of
(𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))
composition of functions.)
𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛: 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 Procedural (Just recognizing the given function.)
𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 4) = 3(𝑥 + 4) − 5 Procedural (Substitution into a function.)
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3𝑥 + 12 − 5 Computational (Performing actual arithmetic
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 3x + 7 operations here: distribute, add, subtract.)

3. A small water tank has a valve that controls the flow of water. The speed at which the water
𝟑
drains (in liters per second) is modeled by the equation + 𝟏 ≤ 𝟎; where x represents the
𝒙−𝟐
position of the valve in centimeters.

 Determine the possible values of x that will keep the drainage speed within the safe range.
 Solution:

3 Given
+1≤0
𝑥−2
3 𝑥−2 Procedural
+ ≤0
𝑥−2 𝑥−2
3+𝑥−2
≤0
𝑥−2
𝑥+1 Computational
≤0
𝑥−2
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜: 𝑥 + 1 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = −1 Computational
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜: 𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2 (𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑)
𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠: Conceptual
(−∞, −1)
(−1,2)
(2, ∞)
𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑠: Process involves Computational
(𝐴𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑦 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑦)
𝐸𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
−2+1 −1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2: −2−2 = −4 = 0.25 ≤ 0 x
0+1 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 0: 0−2 = −2 = −0.5 ≤ 0 
3+1 4
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −3: 3−2 = 1 = 4 ≤ 0 x
𝑇𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝐵𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠: Computational
−1+1 0
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1: −1−2 = −3 = 0 ≤ 0  𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑑𝑒𝑑
2+1 3
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2: 2−2 = 0 = 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 x
𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑤𝑒𝑟: Conceptual
−1 ≤ 𝑥 < 2 𝑜𝑟 [−1,2)

4. A carpenter is cutting wooden planks for a furniture project. The length of each plank in meters
is given by the equation:

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒
=𝒙+𝟐
𝒙−𝟐
where x represents the width of the plank in meters.

 Find the value of x that satisfies the equation, and determine any restrictions on x to ensure
the calculation is valid.
Solution:
𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 Conceptual (Understanding that division by zero
𝑥−2=0⇒𝑥 =2 is undefined.)
𝑆𝑜, 𝑥 = 2 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒍𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒅.
(x − 2)(x + 2) Procedural (Factoring a difference of squares.)
=𝑥+2
𝑥−2
(x − 2)(x + 2) Procedural (Simplify the rational expression)
=𝑥+2
𝑥−2
x+2=x+2
Conceptual (Interpreting and finalizing the
x ∈ R, x ≠ 2
solution set.)
5. A phone plan charges customers based on their usage. The total monthly cost is given by
(𝒙−𝟑)
𝒇(𝒙) = , where x represents the total number of minutes used.
𝟐

 Find the inverse function to determine the number of minutes used based on a given bill
amount.
Solution:

𝑥−3 Conceptual (Understanding that a function can be written

𝑦=
2 as y = f(x) to represent outputs, preparing for inversion.)

𝑦−3 Conceptual (Understanding the definition of an inverse

𝑥=
2 function.)

2x = y − 3
Computational (Solving the equation using algebraic
𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3
operations.)

𝑓 −1 (x) = 2x + 3 Procedural (Naming the inverse function correctly.)

6. A concert ticketing system sets the price of a ticket based on the number of seats left. The
(𝒙+𝟒)
ticket price is determined by 𝒇(𝒙) = , where x is the number of available seats. Another
𝟑
function, 𝒈(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟒, is proposed as the reverse function to determine the number of seats
based on the ticket price.

 Verify mathematically whether g(x) is truly the inverse of f(x)

Solution:

Conceptual (Understanding the definition of inverse

𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥
functions)
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) Procedural (Applying substitution to compose the
(3𝑥 − 4) + 4 functions)
𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) =
3
3𝑥 − 4 + 4
𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) =
3
3𝑥 Computational (Performing arithmetic simplification)
𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) =
3
𝑓(3𝑥 − 4) = 𝑥
𝑥+4
𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑔 ( ) Procedural (Applying substitution to compose the
3
𝑥+4 𝑥+4 functions)
𝑔( ) = 3( )−4
3 3
𝑥+4 𝑥+4
𝑔( ) = 3( )−4
3 3
𝑥+4 3𝑥 + 12
𝑔( )= −4
3 3
𝑥+4 Computational (Performing arithmetic simplification)
𝑔( )=𝑥+4−4
3
𝑥+4
𝑔( )= 𝑥
3
𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)) = 𝑔(𝑓(𝑥)) = 𝑥 Conceptual (Applying the logical condition for
𝑌𝑒𝑠, 𝑔(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) inverse functions)
7. A delivery company calculates the total cost of a package delivery based on weight. The weight
in pounds is given by the inverse function 𝒇−𝟏 (𝒙) = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑, where x is the base cost. The
function f(x) represents the actual cost.

 Find the value of (f ∘ f⁻¹)(5) using the given inverse function.

Solution:

𝑓(𝑓 −1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥 Conceptual (Applying the identity property of inverse functions)

𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3
Procedural (Process of Substitution)
𝑓 −1 (5) = 2(5) + 3

𝑓 −1 (5) = 10 + 3 Computational (Solving the equation using algebraic

𝑓 −1 (5) = 13 operations.)
𝑓(𝑓 −1 (5)) = 𝑓(13)
𝑓(13) = 5 Conceptual (Using the inverse relationship: 𝑓(𝑓−1 (𝑥)) = 𝑥)
(𝑓°𝑓 −1 )(5) = 5

8. A scientist is growing bacteria in a lab experiment. The bacteria population doubles every hour,
following the formula 𝟐𝒙 where x is the number of hours.

 How many hours will it take for the bacteria count to reach 16?
Solution:

𝑃(𝑥) = 2𝑥 Conceptual (Interpreting what the exponential function represents)

2𝑥 = 16 Procedural (Translating the word problem into an equation)

2 𝑥 = 24 Computational (Finding equivalent exponential values)

𝑥=4 Procedural (Applying the property of exponents: if 𝑎 𝑥 = 𝑎 𝑦 , then 𝑥 = 𝑦)

9. A computer security system uses a logarithmic algorithm to set access codes. The formula
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 (𝒙 − 𝟏) = 𝟐 determines the number of attempts a user can make before being locked out.

 Solve for x to determine the maximum number of attempts allowed.

Solution:

log 3 (𝑥 − 1) = 2 Given
Conceptual (Understanding what the logarithm means and expressing it
32 = 𝑥 − 1
as an exponent)
9=𝑥−1
9+1=𝑥
Computational (Solving the resulting equation)
10 = 𝑥
𝑥 = 10