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Kernel Calculation

The document discusses a second-order boundary value problem (BVP) where the goal is to solve for a function u(x) given boundary conditions and a continuous function ϑ(x). It outlines the method of solving the BVP using the fundamental theorem of calculus and presents the resulting solution in terms of an integral involving a symmetric kernel k(x, t). The final result expresses u(x) as a linear combination of the boundary values ω and ε, along with an integral of the function ϑ(t).

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sundas rubab
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4 views3 pages

Kernel Calculation

The document discusses a second-order boundary value problem (BVP) where the goal is to solve for a function u(x) given boundary conditions and a continuous function ϑ(x). It outlines the method of solving the BVP using the fundamental theorem of calculus and presents the resulting solution in terms of an integral involving a symmetric kernel k(x, t). The final result expresses u(x) as a linear combination of the boundary values ω and ε, along with an integral of the function ϑ(t).

Uploaded by

sundas rubab
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

boundary value problem

second-order BVP (“2-point problem”)


suppose ω, ε → R and ϑ → C([0, 1]) are given. solve for u(x):

↑u →→ (x) = ϑ(x) for all x → (0, 1)


u(0) = ω
u(1) = ε

picture of data ϑ (left) and solution u (right):

# o

we will see this is solvable by hand, at least as an integral of the data


I

ϑ(x), but this is mildly difficult, so we warm-up with an easier problem


Ed Bueler Boundary value problems and integral operators Spring 2026 3 / 37
solution of BVP
apply fundamental theorem of calculus twice: →↑ it will be more work

i
↑u →→ (x) = ϑ(x)
u(x) -
c = -

S P(Hdt
u(x) -
c = cx -

S?Sod(s)dsdt
X

= x-
S."S Pededs,

= X -

So (x -
s)p()ds

B -
c = c -
Sj( -s)b(s)ds
c =
p
-
c + Sj(l s)d(s)ds -

u(x) = c +
(B - c + Sj(l -

xq(xds)x -
Sox - s)a(ds

Ed Bueler Boundary value problems and integral operators Spring 2026 6 / 37


solution of BVP
u(x) = c + (B -
CX +
Sy()(s -

x) + xx
s])p(s)ds
-

xs
k(X, S) 1(0x](s)(s x() S) XX
-

x) +
+

s
- -
-
=

X + x(l S)

S
S -
-

, s ↓ X
-

X(I -
S) , S > X

S(l -X) SIX

E
,
=
x(1 -
5) SX
,

result: ! 1
u(x) = ω + (ε ↑ ω)x + k (x, t)ϑ(t) dt
0
where k is a symmetric kernel:
"
t(1 ↑ x), 0↓t ↓x ↓1
k (x, t) = = min{x, t} ↑ xt
x(1 ↑ t), 0↓x ↓t ↓1
Ed Bueler Boundary value problems and integral operators Spring 2026 7 / 37

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