Solution

MATHS
Class 11 - Mathematics
Section A
1.
(d) 194
Explanation:
We have:
tan A + cot A = 4
Squaring both the sides:
(tan A + cot A)2 = 42
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2(tan A) (cot A) = 16
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A + 2 = 16
⇒ tan2 A + cot2 A = 14
Squaring both the sides again:
(tan2 A + cot2 A)2 = 142
⇒ tan4 A + cot4 A + 2 (tan2 A) (cot2 A) = 196
⇒ tan4 A + cot4 A + 2 = 196
⇒ tan4A + cot4 A = 194

2.
(c) 216
Explanation:

y
No. of elements in the set A = 4 . Therefore , the no. of elements in A × A = 4 × 4 = 16. As, the no. of relations in A × A = no. of subsets of

m
A × A = 2
16
.

de
3.
(b) P(A ∩ B) ≤ P(A) ≤ P(A ∪ B) ≤ P(A) + P(B)
Explanation:
Clearly, A ∩ B ⊆ A ca
⇒ P(A ∩ B) ≤ P(A) ...(i)

A⊆A∪B
⇒ P(A) ≤ P(A) + P(B) ...(ii)
ta
We know that,
P(A ∪ B) + P(A) + P(B) - P(A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A ∪ B) ≤ P(A) + P(B) ...(iii)

From Eqs. (i), (ii), and (iii),

ixi

P(A ∩ B) ≤ P(A) ≤ P(A ∪ B) ≤ P(A) + P(B)

4.
rd

cos √x
(c)
2 √x

Explanation:
√x+ h+ √x √x+ h− √x
ha

2 cos( ) sin( )
2 2

lim
h
h→0

using L'Hospital
cos √x
ak

⇒
2 √x

5.
Pr

(c) 90°
Explanation:
Let m1 and m2 be the slope of the lines 2x - y + 3 = 0 and x + 2y + 3 = 0, respectively.
Let θ be the angle between them.
Here,
m1 = 2 and m2 = - 2
1

∴ m1m2 = -1
Therefore, the angle between the given lines is 90° , as it satisfy the condition of product of slopes of two lines is -1.

6.
(c) 7
Explanation:
The no. of proper subsets = 2n - 1 = 23 - 1 = 7
Here n = no of elements of given set = 3.

7. (a) − 2
π

Explanation:
π
−
2

Let z =
1−i

1+i
1−i 1−i
⇒ z = ×
1+i 1−i
2
1+i −2i
⇒ z =
2
1−i
1−1−2i
⇒ z =
1+1

1 / 11
7746924706/8956693217
 −2i
⇒ z =
2

⇒ z = -i
Since, z lies on negative direction of imaginary axis.
Therefore, arg (z) = 2
−π

8.
(d) All of these
Explanation:
Let f = {1, 2 ,3,...., 12}, n(f) = 12 (say m)
g = (1, 2, 3,..., 11), n(g) = 11 (say n)
∴ Total numger of function from f to g = 1112
n n

∴ Numger of onto functions from f to g = ∑ (−1)

n−r
Cr r
m

r=1

= coefficient of xm in m! (ex - 1)n ...(i)

Putting m = 12, n = 11 fnd r = 1, 2, 3,..., 11. The number of onto functions is given gy
= (-1)11- 11C1 112 + (-1)11-2 11C2212 + (-1)11-3 11C3312 + ... + (-1)11-1 11C101012 + (-1)0 11C11 1112
= 11C11 1112 - 11C101012 + 11C9912 + ... + 11C3312 - 11C2212 + 11C1 112
= 11C0 1112 - 11C11012 + 11C2912 + .... + 11C8312 - 11C9212 + 11C10 112
flso, coefficient x12 in 12! (ex - 1)11
11

= coefficient of x12 in 12!(1 +

2
x x
+ + … . +∞ − 1)
1! 2!

11

= coefficient of x12 in 12!(

2
x x
+ + … . +∞)
1! 2!

11

= coefficient of x12 in 12!x11 ( 1!

2
1 x x

y
+ + + … . +∞)
2! 3!

11

= coefficient of x12 in 12! × [1 + ( 2!

2

m
x x
+ + … . +∞)]
3!

= coefficient of x12 in 12! [11 C0 1 + 11 C1 ( 2!

2 2
x x 11 x x
+ + … . +∞) + C2 ( + + … . +∞) + …]
3! 2! 3!

de
= coefficient of x12 in 12! [11 C1 (
1 12!×11
)] =
2! 2!

Total number of functions which are not onto = 1112

12!×11
−
2

9.
ca
(c) ac < bc
Explanation:
ta
The sign of the inequality is to be reversed (< to > or > to <) if both sides of an inequality are multiplied by the same negative real number.

10.
ixi

–
(c) −√3
Explanation:
−25π 25π π
tan( ) = − tan = − tan(8π + )
rd

3 3 3

π –
= − tan = −√3 [∵ tan(2nπ + θ) = tan θ]
3

11.
ha

(c) 63
Explanation:
63
The no. of proper subsets = 2n - 1
ak

Here n(A) = 6
In case of the proper subset, the set itself is excluded that's why the no. of the subset is 63. But if it is asked no. of improper or just no. of subset then you may
write 64
Pr

So no. of proper subsets = 63

12.
(c) 1

11

Explanation:
Let the first term of the G.P. be a
Let its common ratio be r.
We are given that,
First term = 10 [Sum of all successive terms]
a = 10( ar
)
1−r

⇒ a - ar = 10ar
⇒ 11ar = a
a 1
⇒ r = =
11a 11

13. (a) 1760 x-12

Explanation:
12

Therefore,in the expansion of (2x2 , we have

1
+ 2
)
x
r
12−r
12 2 1
Tr+1 = Cr ⋅ (2x ) ⋅( 2
)
x

9 9
(12−9) 1 3 1
12 2 12 2
⇒ T10 = T9+1 = C9 ⋅ (2x ) ⋅( 2
) = C3 ⋅ (2x ) ⋅( 2
)
x x

= 1760 x-12
12×11×10 6 1 1760
= ×8x ⋅ =
3×2×1 18 12
x x

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14.
(b) 2 < x < 6
Explanation:
x-2>0
⇒ x > 2

⇒ x ∈ (2, ∞)

Now 3x < 18
⇒ x < 6

⇒ x ∈ (−∞, 6)

So solution set is (2, ∞) ∩ (−∞, 6) = (2, 6)

⇒ 2 < x < 6

15.
(c) A
Explanation:
The set is {a, e, i, o, u}

16.
(d) 2
Explanation:
tan(A - B) = tan
π

4
tan A−tan B
⇒ = 1
1+tan A tan B

⇒ tan A - tan B = 1 + tanA tanB .... (i)

Now,
(1 + tanA)(1 - tan B) = 1 + tanA - tanB - tanA tanB

y
= 1 + 1 + tanA tanB - tanAtanB (Using eq. (i))

m
=2

17.

de
(c) 1
Explanation:
Given that (
3−4ix
) = α − iβ ca
3+4ix

3−4ix 3−4ix
8 ⇒ ( × ) = α − iβ
3+4ix 3−4ix

2 2
9−12ix−12ix+16i x
⇒ = α − iβ
ta
2 2
9−16i x
2
9−24ix−16x
⇒ = α − iβ
2
9+16x
2

....(i)
9−16x 24x
⇒ 2
− 2
i = α − iβ
9+16x 9+16x
ixi

.....(ii)
9−16x 24x
⇒ 2
+ 2
i = α + iβ
9+16x 9+16x

multiplying eqn. (i) and (ii) we g et

2 2
rd

2
9−16x 24x 2 2
( 2
) +( 2
) = α +β
9+16x 9+16x

2 2 2
(9−16x ) +(24x )
2 2
⇒ 2
= α +β
2
(9+16x )
4 2 2
81+256x −288x +576x 2 2
ha

⇒ 2
= α +β
2
(9+16x )
4 2
81+256x +288x 2 2
⇒ 2
= α +β
2
(9+16x )

2 2
(9+16x )
ak

2 2
⇒ 2
= α +β
2
(9+16x )

So, α 2 + β 2 = 1
Hence, the correct option is (a)
Pr

18.
(d) 20
Explanation:
Total number of courses available = 8
Number of courses which are not compulsory = 8 - 2 = 6
Since two courses are compulsory a student can choose them in 2C2 different ways.
The remaining 3 courses can be chosen from the 6 non-compulsory courses in 6C3
Therefore total number of ways = 2 C2 .6 C3 = 1. = 20
[Link].5.6.

[Link].2.3

19.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Assertion is true
Reason!
(1 - 3x + 3x2 - x3)20
= [(1 - x)3]20
= (1 - x)60
∴ No. of dissimilar terms in the expansion of (1 - 3x + 3x2 - x3)20 is 61

20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:

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7746924706/8956693217
 Assertion: Let x̄ be the mean of x1, x2 ..., xn. Then, variance is given by
n
2 1 2
σ = ∑ ( xi − x̄)
1 n
i=1

If a is added to each observation, the new observations will be

yi = xi + a
Let the mean of the new observations be ȳ .
Then,
n n
1 1
ȳ = ∑ yi = ∑ ( xi + a)
n n
i=1 i=1

n n
1
= [ ∑ xi + ∑ a]
n
i=1 i=1
n
1 na
= ∑ xi + = x̄ + a
n n
i=1

i.e. ȳ = x̄ + a ...(ii)
n n

Thus, the variance of the new observations is σ22 [using Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
1 2 1 2
= ∑ ( yi − ȳ ) = ∑ ( xi + a − x̄ − a)
n n
i=1 i=1
n
1 2 2
= ∑ ( xi − x̄) = σ
n 1
i=1

Thus, the variance of the new observations is same as that of the original observations.
Reason: We may note that adding (or subtracting) a positive number to (or from) each observation of a group does not affect the variance.
Section B
−−−−
1−|x|
21. We have f(x) = √
2−|x|

1−|x|
We observe that f(x) is defined for all x satisfying

y
≥ 0
2−|x|

m
1−|x|
Now, ≥ 0
2−|x|

de
|x|−1
= ≥ 0
|x|−2

= ⋅|x| ≤ 1 or, |x| > 2

=x ∈ [−1, 1] or, x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞) ca
= x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞) ∪ [−1, 1]
Hence the required domain is :(f) = (−∞, −2) ∪ (2, ∞) ∪ [−1, 1]
OR
ta
Here we have, A = {2, 3, 5, 7}, B = {3, 5, 9, 13, 15}.and f = {(x, y): x ∈ A, y ∈ B and y = 2x -1}
For x = 2, we have
y = 2x -1
ixi

y = 2(2) -1
y=3∈B
For x = 3, we have
rd

y = 2x - 1
y = 2(3) - 1
y=5∈B
For x = 5, we have
ha

y = 2x - 1
y = 2(5) - 1
y=9∈B
For x = 7, we have
ak

y = 2x - 1
y = 2(7) -1
y = 13 ∈ B
Pr

∴ f = {(2, 3),(3, 5),(5, 9),(7, 13)}

Now, we have to show that f is a function from A to B

Function:
i. all elements of the first set are associated with the elements of the second set.
ii. An element of the first set has a unique image in the second set.
f = {(2, 3),(3, 5),(5, 9),(7, 13)}

Here, all elements of set A are associated with an element in set B.

An element of set A is associated with a unique element in set $B$.
∴ f is a function.

Dom (f) = 2, 3, 5, 7
Range (f) = 3, 5, 9, 13
22. We have, f(x) = x3 - 27
By using first principle of derivative,
f (x+h)−f (x)
′
f (x) = lim
h
h→0

3 3
[ (x+h) −27]−[x −27]
′
∴ f (x) = lim
h
h→0

4 / 11
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 3 2 2 3 3
x +3x h+3h x+h −27−x +27
= lim
h
h→0
2 2 3
3x h+3x h +h
= lim
h
h→0

= lim ( 3x2 + 3xh + h2) = 3x2

h→0

23.

Let us assume the abscissa of the centre be a then the centre of the circle is (a, -15).
We have a circle with centre (a, -15) and passing through the point (0, 0) and having radius 17.
Let us assume r is the radius of the circle
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
⇒ 17 = √(a − 0)2 + (−15 − 0)2
2 2 2
⇒ 17 = a + (−15)
2
⇒ 289 = a + 225
2
⇒ a = 64
−−
⇒ |a| = √64

⇒ |a| = 8

Therefore, centre is (±8, −15) and radius 17 units

We know that the equation of the circle with centre (p, q)
2 2 2
⇒ (x − p) + (y − q) = r

y
Substitute the corresponding values in the equation, we get,
2 2 2

m
⇒ (x ± 8) + (y − 15) = 17
2 2
⇒ x ± 16x + 64 + y − 30y + 225 = 289
2 2
⇒ x +y ± 16x − 30y = 0

OR

de
We know that the centre of the circle touching the co-ordinate axis are (a, a), where a is the radius of the circle.
The equation of circle is
(x - a)2 + (y - a)2 = a2 ⇒ x2 + y2 - 2ax - 2ay + a2 = 0 . . . .(i) ca
Also the centre (a, a) lies on the line lx + my + n = 0
∴ la + ma + n = 0 or a = −
n

1+m

Putting this value of a in (i), we have

ta
2ny 2
2 2 2nx n
x +y + + + 2
= 0
1+m 1+m
(1+m)

2 2 2
⇒ (1 + m) (x +y ) + 2n (1 + m)(x + y) + n = 0
2

24. Here A = {a, b} and B = {a, b, c} All elements of set A are present in set B
ixi

∴ A ⊂ B, Now A ∪ B = {a, b, c} = B

25. Given that, x1 = at21 , y1 = 2at1 , x2 = at22 , y2 = at2

rd

Hence, the equation of the required line is,

2
2at −2at1
y - 2at1 = 2
2
(x − at )
2 2 1
at −at
2 1

y - 2at1 =
2 2
⇒ (x − at )
t1 +t2 1
ha

⇒ y ( t1 + t2 ) − 2at
2
1
− 2at1 t2 = 2x − 2at21
⇒ y(t1 + t2) = 2x + 2at1t2
Section C
26. (i) Here the relation is
ak

{(2, 1), (5, 1), (8, 1), (11, 1), (14, 1), (17, 1)}
All values of x are distinct. Each value of x has a unique value of y.
So the relation is a function.
Pr

∴ Domain of function = {2,5, 8, 11, 14, 17}

Range of function = {1}

(ii) Here the relation is
{(2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5), (12, 6), (14, 7)}
All values of x are distinct. Each value of x has a unique value of y.
So the relation is a function.
∴ Domain of function = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}

Range of function = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

(iii) Here the relation is
{(1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 5)}
This relation is not a function because there is an element 1 which is associated to two elements 3 and 5.
27. Given:
|x−3|−x

x
< 2, x ∈ R.
Intervals of |x - 3|
|x - 3| = -(x - 3) or (x - 3)
When |x - 3| = x - 3
x-3≥0
Therefore, x ≥ 3
When |x - 3| = -(x - 3)
(x - 3) < 0
Therefore, x < 3
Intervals: x ≥ 3 or x < 3
|x−3|−x
Domain of x
< 2:
|x−3|−x

x
is not defined for x = 0

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 Therefore, x > 0 or x < 0
Now, combining intervals and domain:
x < 0 or 0 < x < 3 or x ≥ 3
For x = 0
|x−3|−x −(x−3)−x
< 2 < 2
x x

Now, subtracting 2 from both the sides

−(x−3)−x
−2 < 2−2
x
−x+3−x−2x
< 2−2
x
3−4x
< 0
x

Signs of 3 - 4x:
3 - 4x = 0 → x = 3

(Subtracting 3 from both the sides and then dividing both sides by -1)
3 - 4x > 0 → x <
3

(Subtracting 3 from both the sides and then multiplying both sides by -1)
3 - 4x < 0 → x >
3

(Subtracting 3 from both the sides and then multiplying both sides by -1)
Signs of x:
x=0
x<0
x>0
Intervals satisfying the required condition: < 0
x < 0 or x >
3

Combining the intervals:

y
x < 0 or x > 4 and x < 0
3

Merging the overlapping intervals:

m
x<0
Similarly, for 0 < x < 3
x < 0 or X > and 0 < x < 3

de
3

Merging the overlapping intervals:

<x<3
3

For, x ≥ 3 ca
|x−3|−x (x−3)−x
< 2 → < 2
x x

Now, subtracting 2 from both the sides

ta
(x−3)−x
−2 < 2−2
x
x−3−x−2x
< 2−2
x
−3−2x
< 0
x
ixi

Signs of -3 - 2x:
-3 - 2x = 0 → x =
−3

(Adding 3 to both the sides and then dividing both sides by -2)
rd

-3 - 2x > 0 →
−3
x <
2

(Adding 3 to both the sides and then multiplying both sides by -1)
-3 - 2x < 0 → x >
−3

(Adding 3 to both the sides and then multiplying both sides by -1)
ha

Signs of x:
x=0
x<0
ak

x>0
Intervals satisfying the required condition: < 0
or x > 0
−3
x <
Pr

Combining the intervals:

or x > 0 and x ≥ 3
−3
x <
2

Merging the overlapping intervals:

x≥3
Combining all the intervals:
x < 0 or 4 < x < 3 or x ≥ 3
3

Merging overlapping intervals:

x < 0 and x > 3
4

Therefore,
3
x ∈ (−∞, 0) ∪ ( , ∞)
4

28. Let a point P(x, y, z) be equidistant from the points A(1, 2, 3) and P(3, 2, -1).
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
Then, P A = √(x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 + (z − 3)2
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−

[∵ distance = √( x1
2 2 2
− x2 ) + ( y1 − y2 ) + ( z1 − z2 ) ]
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √x − 2x + 1 + y − 4y + 4 + z − 6z + 9
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
and 2 2
P B = √(x − 3) + (y − 2) + (z + 1)
2

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −

[∵ distance = √( x1
2 2 2
− x2 ) + ( y1 − y2 ) + ( z1 − z2 ) ]
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √x − 6x + 9 + y − 4y + 4 + z + 2z + 1
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √x + y + z − 6x − 4y + 2z + 14

According to the question, PA = PB

−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
∴ √x + y + z − 2x − 4y − 6z + 14
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √x + y + z − 6x − 4y + 2z + 14

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 On squaring both sides, we get
x2 + y2 + z2 - 2x - 4y - 6z + 14 = x2 + y2 + z2 - 6x - 4y + 2z + 14
⇒ 4x - 8z = 0

⇒ x - 2z = 0 [dividing both sides by 4]

OR
The six planes of the parallelopiped are as follows
Plane OABC lies in the XY-plane. The z-coordinate of every point in this plane is zero. So, z = 0 is the equation of this XY-plane. Plane PDEF is parallel to XY-plane
and 6 units distance above it. The equation of the plane is z = 6. Plane ABPF represents plane x = 3. Plane OCDE lies in the YZ-plane, so x = 0 is the equation of
this plane. Plane AOEF lies in the XZ-plane. The y-coordinate of every point in this plane is zero. Therefore, y = 0 is the equation of the plane. Plane BCDP is
parallel to the plane AOEF at a distance of 5 units. So its equation is y = 5.
Edge OA lies on the X-axis. The X-axis has equation y = 0 and z = 0.
Edges OC and OE lie on Y-axis and Z-axis, respectively. The Y-axis has its equation z = 0, x = 0. The Z-axis has its equation x = 0, y = 0. The perpendicular distance
−−−−−− −−
of the point P(3, 5, 6) from the X-axis is √52 +6
2
= √61 .

−−−−−− −− −−−−−− −−
The perpendicular distance of the point P(3, 5, 6) from Y-axis and Z-axis are √3 + 6 = √45 and √3 + 5 = √34 , respectively. The coordinates of the feet

y
2 2 2 2

of perpendiculars from the point P (3, 5, 6) to the coordinate axes are A, C and E. The coordinates of feet of perpendiculars from the point P on the

m
coordinate planes XY, YZ and ZX are (3, 5, 0), (0, 5, 6) and (3, 0, 6). Also, perpendicular distance of the point from the XY, YZ and ZX-planes are 6, 3 and 5,
respectively.
29. To find: Expansion of (3x + 2y)5 by means of Binomial theorem.

de
Formula used:
i. n Cr =
n!

(n−r)!(r)!

ii. (a + b)n =n C0 a

Now here we have, (3x +

n
+
n
C1 a
n−1

2y)5
b+
n
C2 a
n−2
b
2
+…… +
n
Cn−1 ab
n−1 n
+
ca
Cn b
n

5 5−0 5 5−1 1 5 5−2 2 5 5−3 3 5 5 5 5

= [ C0 (3x ) ] + [ C1 (3x ) (2y) ] + [ C2 (3x ) (2y) ] + [ C3 (3x ) (2y) ] + [ C4 (3x ) + [ C5 (2y) ]
ta
5! 5 5! 4
= [ (243x )] + [ (81x ) (2y)]
0!(5−0)! 1!(5−1)!

5! 3 2 5! 2 3
+[ (27x ) (4y )] + [ (9x ) (8y )]
2!(5−2)! 3!(5−3)!
ixi

5! 4 5! 5
+[ (3x) (16y )] + [ (32y )]
4!(5−4)! 5!(5−5)!

= [1(243x5)] + [5(81x4)(2y)] + [10(27x3)(4y2)] + [10(9x2)(8y3)] + [5(3x)(16y4)] + [1(32y5)]

243x5 + 810x4y + 1080x3y2 + 720x2y3 + 240xy4 + 32y5
rd

OR
We have (0.99)5 = (1 - 0.01)5
5 5 5 2
= C0 − C1 (0.01) + C2 (0.01) . . .
ha

= 1 - 0.05 + 0.001...
= 0.951
30. We have, (x + iy)1/3 = a + ib
ak

⇒ x + iy = (a + ib)3 [cubing on both sides]

⇒ x + iy = a3 + i3 b3 + 3 iab (a + ib)
⇒ x + iy = a3 - ib3 + i 3a2 b - 3ab2
Pr

⇒ x + iy = a3 - 3ab2 + i (3a2 b - b3)

On equating real and imaginary parts from both sides, we get
x = a3 - 3ab2 and y = 3a2b - b3
= a2 - 3b2 and = 3a2 - b2
y
x
⇒
a b

a2 - 3b2 - 3a2 + b2
y
Now, x

a
− =
b

=- -2a2 2b2
= - 2 (a2 + b2)
Hence proved.
OR
Given, z1 = 3 + i and z2 = 1 + 4i
Now, z1 - z2 = (3 + i) - (1 + 4i) = 2 - 3i
−−−−−−−−− −
∴ | z1 − z2 | = |2 − 3i| = √(2)2 + (−3)2
−−−− −−
= √4 + 9 = √13 = 3.60 ...(i)
As z1 = 3 + i
−− −−−− −−
= √10 and
2 2
⇒ | z1 | = √3 + 1

z2 = 1 + 4i
−− −−−− −−
2 2
⇒ | z2 | = √1 + 4 = √17
−− −−
∴ | z1 | − | z2 | = √10 − √17 = 3.16 - 4.12 = - 0.96 ...(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
| z1 − z2 | > | z1 | − | z2 |

31. Let x x ∈ A ∩ (B ∪ C)

⇒ x ∈ A and x ∈ (B ∪ C)

⇒ x ∈ A and (X ∈ B or X ∈ C)

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 ⇒ (x ∈ A and x ∈ B) or (x ∈ A and x ∈ C)
⇒ (x ∈ A ∩ B) or (x ∈ A ∩ C)

⇒ x ∈ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

⇒ A ∩ (B ∪ C) ⊂ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) ..... (i)
Now let y ∈ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
⇒ y ∈ (A ∩ B) or y ∈ (A ∩ C)

⇒ (y ∈ A and y ∈ B) or (y ∈ A and y ∈ C)

⇒ y ∈ A and (y ∈ B or y ∈ C)

⇒ y ∈ A and y ∈ (B ∪ C)
⇒ y ∈ A ∩ (B ∪ C)

⇒ (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) ⊂ A ∩ (B ∪ C) ...... (ii)
From eqn. (i) and (ii) we get
A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)

Section D
32. A = Getting an even number on the first die.
A = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) }
B = Getting an odd number on the first die.
B = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) }
C = Getting at most 5 as sum of the numbers on the two dice.
C = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1) }
D = Getting the sum of the numbers on the dice >5 but <10.
D = {(1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 4), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 2), (6, 3) }
E = Getting at least 10 as the sum of the numbers on the dice.
E = {(4, 6), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) }

y
F = Getting an odd number on one of the dice.
F={

m
(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4)(3, 5), (3, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (4, 1), (4, 3), (4, 5), (

A and B are mutually exclusive events, thus A ∩ B = ∅

de
B ∪ C = {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6),(3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6),(5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6),(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(4,1)}
B ∩ C = {(1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(3,1),(3,2)}
A ∩ E = {(4,6),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6)}
ca
A ∪ F = {(2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6), (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6), (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6), (1,1),(1,2),(1,3),(1,4),(1,5),(1,6), (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6), (5,1),
(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)}
A ∩ F={(2,1),(2,3),(2,5),(4,1),(4,3),(4,5),(6,1),(6,3),(6,5)}
ta
2

33. f(x) =
ax +b

2
x +1

Also lim f(x) = 1 ...(i) [given]

x→0
2

=1
ax +b
⇒ lim
ixi

2
x +1
x→0
2
lim ax +b

=1
x→0
⇒ 2
lim x +1
x→0
rd

⇒ b=1
Also, it is given that lim f(x) = 1
x→∞
2

= 1 ...(ii)
ax +b
∴ lim 2
x +1
x→∞
ha

=1
ax +1
⇒ lim 2
x +1
x→∞
1
a+

=1
2
x
⇒ lim 1
ak

x→∞ 1+
x2

⇒ a=1
2 2

Thus, f(x) =
ax +b x +1
=
2 2
x +1 x +1
Pr

So, f(-2) = 1 and f(2) = 1

Hence, f(-2) = f(2) = 1
OR
√3+2x−( √2+1)
We have to find the value lim
2
x −2
x→√2

Re-writing the equation as

2
√3+2x−√( √2+√1)

= lim 2
x −2
x→√2

√3+2x−√2+1+2√2

= lim 2
x −2
x→√2

√3+2x−√3+2√2

= lim 2
x −2
x→√2

Now rationalizing the above equation

( √3+2x−√3+2√2) ( √3+2x+√3+2√2)

= lim 2
x −2
x→√2 ( √3+2x+√3+2√2)

Formula: (a + b) (a - b) = a2 - b2
(3+2x−(3+2√2)) (1)
= lim
2
x −2
x→√2 ( √3+2x+√3+2√2)

(2x−2√2) (1)
= lim
2
x −2
x→√2 ( √3+2x+√3+2√2)

2(x−√2) (1)
= lim
(x+√2)(x−√2)
x→√2 ( √3+2x+√3+2√2)

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 =
2 1

2 √2
(2√3+2√2)

=
1 1

2 √2
( √3+2√2)

34. i. Sn = 5 + 55 + 555 + ………. up to n terms

= 5 [1 + 11 + 111 + ………. up to n terms]
[9 + 99 + 999 + ....... up ton terms]
5
=
9

[(10 - 1) + (102 - 1) + (103 - 1) + ...... up to n terms]

5
=
9
5 n
10( 10 −1)
= 9 [ − n]
10−1

5 10 n
= [ ( 10 − 1) − n]
9 9
50 n 5
= ( 10 − 1) − n
81 9

ii. Sn = .6 + .66 + .666 + …………. up to n terms

= 6 [.1 + .11 + .111 + ………. up to n terms]
[.9 + .99 + .999 + ....... up to n terms]
6
=
9

=
6

9
[
9

10
+
99

100
+
999

1000
+……… up to n terms ]
=
6

9
[(1 −
1

10
) + (1 −
1
2
) + (1 −
1
3
)…… up to n terms ]
10 10

=
6

9
[n − (
10
1
+
1
2
+
1
3
+……… up to n terms )]
10 10

1 1
(1− )
10 n
2 10
= [n − ]
3 1
1−
10

2 1 1
= [n − (1 − )]

y
3 9 2
10

2n 2 1
= − (1 − )

m
n
3 27 10

35. To prove:
tan A+sec A−1 1+sin A
=
tan A−sec A+1 cos A

Taking L.H.S, we have

de
LHS =
tan A+sec A−1

tan A−sec A+1

sin A 1
+ −1

=
cos A cos A

sin A 1
− +1

=
cos A

sin A+1−cos A

sin A−1+cos A
cos A
ca
sin A+(1−cos A)
=
sin A−(1−cos A)
ta
sin A+(1−cos A) sin A+(1−cos A)
= ×
sin A−(1−cos A) sin A+(1−cos A)
2

[using (a + b)(a - b) = a2 - b2]

{sin A+(1−cos A)}
= 2 2
sin A−(1−cos A)
ixi

2 2
sin A+(1−cos A) +2 sin A(1−cos A)
= 2 2
sin A−(1−cos A)
2 2
(sin A+cos A)+1−2 cos A+2 sin A(1−cos A)

=
rd

2 2
sin A−{1+cos A−2 cos A}

(1)+1−2 cos A+2 sin A(1−cos A)

= 2 2
(sin A−1)−cos A+2 cos A

{∵ 1 - sin2 A = cos2 A}
2(1−cos A)+2 sin A(1−cos A)
= 2 2
(− cos A)−cos A+2 cos A
ha

2(1+sin A)(1−cos A)
= 2
−2 cos A+2 cos A

2(1+sin A)(1−cos A)
=
2 cos A(1−cos A)
ak

(1+sin A)
= = R.H.S
cos A

Hence, it is proved that:

tan A+sec A−1 1+sin A
=
tan A−sec A+1 cos A

OR
Pr

–
We have to prove that cos x = .
α
±√2 cos
2

It is given that sec (x + α ) + sec(x - α ) = 2 sec x

+ = cos x ... [∵ sec x = cos x ]
1 1 2 1
⇒
cos(x+α) cos(x−α)

cos(x−α)+cos(x+α)
= cos x ... [∵ cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos ]
2 A+B A−B
⇒
cos(x+α) cos(x−α) 2 2

x+ α+ x− α x+ α− x+ α
2 cos( ) cos( )

= cos x
2 2 2
⇒
cos(x+α) cos(x−α)

2x 2α
2 cos( ) cos( )

= ... {∵ 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B)}

2 2 1
⇒
2 cos(x+α) cos(x−α) cos x

=
2 cos x cos α 1
⇒
cos(x+α+x−α)+cos(x+α−x+α) cos x

= cos x
2 cos x cos α 1
⇒
cos 2x+cos 2α

⇒ 2 cos2x cosα = cos 2x + cos 2α

⇒ 2 cos2x cosα = 2 cos2x - 1 + cos 2α ... {∵ cos 2x = 2 cos2 x - 1}
⇒ 2 cos2x cosα - 2 cos2x = cos 2α - 1
⇒ 2 cos2x (cosα - 1) = 2 cos 2α - 1 - 1 ... {∵ cos 2x = 2 cos2 x - 1}
2 cos2x =
2
2 cos α−2
⇒
cos α−1
2

2 cos2x =
2(cos α−1)
⇒
cos α−1

2 cos2x =
(cos α−1)(cos α+1)
⇒
cos α−1

⇒ 2 cos2x = cosα + 1
2 cos2x = 2 cos2 cos x = 2 cos2 - 1]
–
- 1 + 1 ... [±√2 cos
α α x
⇒
2 2 2

2 cos2x = 2 cos2 2
α
⇒

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 −−−−−−−
cos x = ±√2 cos 2
α
⇒
2

–
cos x =
α
⇒ ±√2 cos
2

Hence Proved.
Section E
36. i. The path traced by Javelin is parabola. A parabola is the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed line and a fixed point (not on the line) in
the plane.
compare x2 = -16y with x2 = -4ay
⇒ - 4a = -16

⇒ a = 4

coordinates of focus for parabola x2 = -4ay is (0, -a)

⇒ coordinates of focus for given parabola is (0, -4)

ii. compare x2 = -16y with x2 = -4ay

⇒ -4a = -16

⇒ a = 4

Equation of directrix for parabola x2 = -4ay is y = a

⇒ Equation of directrix for parabola x2 = -16y is y = 4
Length of latus rectum is 4a = 4 × 4 = 16
iii. Equation of parabola with axis along y - axis
x2 = 4ay
which passes through (5, 2)
⇒ 25 = 4a × 2

⇒ 4a =
25

hence required equation of parabola is

y
2 25
x = y
2

2x2

m
⇒ = 25y
Equation of directrix is y= -a
Hence required equation of directrix is 8y + 25 = 0.

de
OR
Since the focus (2,0) lies on the x-axis, the x-axis itself is the axis of the parabola.
Hence the equation of the parabola is of the form either y2 = 4ax or y2 = -4ax.
Since the directrix is x = -2 and the focus is (2,0), the parabola is to be of the form y2 = 4ax with a = 2.
Hence the required equation is y2 = 4(2)x = 8x
ca
length of latus rectum = 4a = 8
ta
37. i. = mean deviation about the mean - mean deviation about the median
= 9.0 - 8.7
= 0.3
ii. Number of observation are given calculate mean deviation Mean deviation ∑
di
ixi

Here Observation 34, 66, 30, 38, 44, 50, 40, 60, 42, 51
Since Median is the middle number of all the observation
Arrange the numbers in Ascending orders we get 30, 34, 38, 40, 48, 44, 50, 51, 60, 66
rd

Here the number of observation are Even then the middle terms are 42, 44...
Therefore, the median =
42+44

= = 43
86

2
ha

iii. Mean deviation is

xi |di| = |xi - 43|

30 13
ak

34 9
38 5
Pr

40 3
42 1
44 1
50 7
51 8
60 17
66 23
Total 87
n

MD =
1
∑ | di |
n
i=1

= 90

10

=9
OR
The observation are 34, 66, 30, 38, 44, 50, 40, 60, 42, 51
∑ xi
Mean = n

=
34+66+30+38+44+50+40+60+42+51

10

=
455

10

= 45.5
38. i. Given Raju and Ravi are at the extreme positions
Case 1 Raju ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Ravi
Case 2 Ravi ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ Raju

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 So remaining 5 places are filled in 5! Ways in both cases
5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
Hence total number of arrangements = 120 × 2 = 240 ways
ii. ______ ______ ______ Joseph ______ ______ ______
So here middle place is occupied by Joseph remaining 6 places are filled by remaining 6 students in 6! Ways
6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720 ways
iii. When all girls are together let’s consider them as a single unit. So four 4 boys with single group of girls can be arranged in 4 + 1 = 5! Ways
______ ______ ______ ______
5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 120
But all the tree girls can be arranged in themselves in 3! Ways = 3 × 2 × 1 = 6
Hence total number of ways = 5! × 3! = 120 × 6 = 720
OR
When Aman and Ravi are together let’s consider them as a single unit. So remaining 5 students with single group of Aman and Ravi can be arranged in 5 + 1 =
6! Ways
______ ______ ______ ______

6! = 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 720
But Aman and Ravi can be arranged in themselves in 2! Ways = 2 × 1 = 2
Hence total number of ways = 6! × 2! = 720 × 2 = 1440 ways ...(i)
Total number of sitting arrangements of all 7 students without restriction
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______
All seven students can fill seven seats in 7! Ways
7! = 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 = 5040 ways ...(ii)
But here we need the number of arrangements so that Aman and Ravi are not together = Total number of sitting arrangements of all 7 students without
restriction - Number of arrangements so that Aman and Ravi are together.

y
From (i) and (ii) we have
The number of arrangements so that Aman and Ravi are not together = 5040 - 1440 = 3600

m
de
ca
ta
ixi
rd
ha
ak
Pr

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