SECOND SUMMATIVE TEST IN SCIENCE 8
Directions: Read each passage or situation carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Passage 1: The Development of Atomic Models (Items 1–5)
Long ago, Democritus imagined matter could be divided until reaching a tiny indivisible
particle called 'atomos.' John Dalton described atoms as solid spheres like billiard balls. J.J.
Thomson discovered electrons and suggested the 'plum pudding' model, while Rutherford
discovered the nucleus using the gold foil experiment. Later, Bohr explained that electrons
move in orbits around the nucleus.
1. Who first introduced the idea of indivisible particles called atomos?
a. Aristotle
b. Dalton
c. Democritus
d. Thomson
2. Dalton compared atoms to billiard balls. What does this model suggest?
a. Atoms are solid and indivisible
b. Atoms are mostly empty space
c. Atoms contain electrons in energy levels
d. Atoms release light energy
3. Which scientist proposed the 'plum pudding' model of the atom?
a. Rutherford
b. Thomson
c. Bohr
d. Dalton
4. Which experiment proved that atoms have a small, dense nucleus?
a. Oil drop experiment
b. Cathode ray experiment
c. Gold foil experiment
d. Flame test experiment
5. In Bohr’s model, electrons move in:
a. Random paths
b. Fixed orbits around the nucleus
c. Energy clouds inside the nucleus
d. Straight lines between atoms
6. Ana opened a soda bottle and saw bubbles escaping. What do the bubbles represent in
the soda?
a. Gas
b. Solid particles
c. Liquid mixture
d. Water vapor
[Insert Atom Diagram Here]
7. In the diagram, which particle has a negative charge?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Nucleus
8. Mark left his bike outside in the rain. After several days, the frame turned reddish-brown.
What kind of change happened?
a. Physical change
b. Chemical change
c. Nuclear change
d. Phase change
9. Which subatomic particle determines the identity of an element?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Isotope
10. A neutron has nearly the same mass as a proton but has no charge. What is its relative
charge?
a. +1
b. 0
c. –1
d. –2
Passage 2: Subatomic Particles in Everyday Life (Items 11–14)
When you charge your phone, electrons move through the wires. Inside an atom, protons
and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around it. The number of
protons tells us what element it is. For example, oxygen always has 8 protons.
11. Which subatomic particle is negatively charged?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Nucleus
12. Which subatomic particle is neutral but adds to the mass of the atom?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Isotope
13. The number of protons in an atom is called its:
a. Atomic mass
b. Atomic number
c. Mass number
d. Isotope
14. Carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. What is its mass number?
a. 6
b. 12
c. 18
d. 24
15. A nutrition label shows that table salt contains iodine. What disease does iodine in salt
help prevent?
a. Hypertension
b. Diabetes
c. Goiter
d. Anemia
16. Doctors recommend drinking milk to strengthen bones and teeth. Which element is
mainly responsible for this?
a. Sodium
b. Potassium
c. Calcium
d. Iron
17. Iron is an important part of hemoglobin in red blood cells. What is the main function of
iron in the body?
a. To strengthen bones
b. To carry oxygen in blood
c. To improve digestion
d. To prevent goiter
18. Stainless steel does not rust easily because it is a mixture of metals. What type of
substance is it?
a. Element
b. Compound
c. Mixture (alloy)
d. Nonmetal
[Insert Isotope Chart: Oxygen-16 (8p+8n), Oxygen-18 (8p+10n)]
19. Based on the chart, Oxygen-16 and Oxygen-18 differ in the number of:
a. Protons
b. Neutrons
c. Electrons
d. Atomic number
20. Which statement best describes isotopes?
a. Same protons, different neutrons
b. Same neutrons, different protons
c. Same electrons, different protons
d. All particles are different
Passage 3: Mixtures and Compounds in the Kitchen (Items 21–24)
While cooking, Andrei dissolved sugar in water, forming a clear sweet solution. Later, he
mixed oil and water, which separated. His sister noticed that salt completely dissolves in
water, forming a solution.
21. Sugar dissolved in water forms a:
a. Compound
b. Heterogeneous mixture
c. Homogeneous mixture
d. Element
22. Oil and water is an example of a:
a. Homogeneous mixture
b. Compound
c. Heterogeneous mixture
d. Element
23. Salt dissolved in water is an example of a:
a. Compound
b. Heterogeneous mixture
c. Homogeneous mixture
d. Element
24. Which property best distinguishes a compound from a mixture?
a. A compound can be separated chemically
b. A compound retains original properties
c. A mixture has a fixed ratio
d. A mixture is invisible
[Insert Diagram: Beaker with sand + iron filings]
25. Students mixed sand and iron filings. Which method is best to separate them?
a. Filtration
b. Magnetism
c. Evaporation
d. Decantation
26. In water treatment plants, which method is commonly used to remove solid dirt from
water?
a. Chromatography
b. Decantation
c. Filtration
d. Magnetism
27. A bottled soda contains carbon dioxide dissolved in water. This is an example of a:
a. Solid-liquid mixture
b. Gas-liquid solution
c. Compound
d. Heterogeneous mixture
28. A student placed ink on filter paper and observed colors spreading. Which separation
method was used?
a. Filtration
b. Distillation
c. Chromatography
d. Evaporation
29. Balloons are filled with helium because it is light and does not react easily. What group
of elements does helium belong to?
a. Metals
b. Metalloids
c. Noble gases
d. Halogens
30. Computers and cellphones use chips made of silicon. Why is silicon used?
a. It is both a metal and nonmetal (metalloid)
b. It is a strong metal
c. It is very heavy
d. It is a noble gas
Passage 4: Physical and Chemical Changes (Items 31–34)
Jayden observed ice melting into water but staying the same substance. Later, he saw wood
burning into ash and smoke. His teacher explained that some changes are physical (no new
substance) while others are chemical (new substance forms).
[Insert Diagram: Ice melting vs. wood burning]
31. Which is an example of a physical change?
a. Burning of paper
b. Rusting of iron
c. Melting of ice
d. Baking a cake
32. Which is an example of a chemical change?
a. Melting butter
b. Breaking glass
c. Dissolving sugar
d. Burning wood
33. Why is rusting of iron considered a chemical change?
a. Iron only changes shape
b. A new substance forms
c. Iron melts when wet
d. It is easy to reverse
34. Which kitchen activity shows a chemical change?
a. Ice melting in a glass
b. Frying an egg
c. Sugar dissolving in coffee
d. Salt mixing with water
35. In fireworks, sodium salts make the flame glow yellow-orange. What does this show?
a. Sodium emits energy when excited
b. Sodium changes to chlorine
c. Salt disappears completely
d. Fire makes new elements
36. Which subatomic particle moves to higher energy levels during a flame test?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Nucleus
37. A neutral neon atom has 10 protons. How many electrons does it have?
a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 20
38. Which is the lightest subatomic particle?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Nucleus
39. In his cathode ray experiment, J.J. Thomson discovered which particle?
a. Proton
b. Neutron
c. Electron
d. Ion
40. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment proved that atoms:
a. Are solid spheres
b. Are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus
c. Contain electrons in fixed orbits
d. Can be divided endlessly
41. Which atomic model described electrons embedded in a sphere of positive charge, like
raisins in pudding?
a. Dalton’s model
b. Thomson’s model
c. Rutherford’s model
d. Bohr’s model
42. The number of protons in an atom is also called its:
a. Atomic mass
b. Mass number
c. Atomic number
d. Isotope
43. Mendeleev arranged elements by atomic mass. Who arranged them by atomic number?
a. Rutherford
b. Bohr
c. Moseley
d. Dalton
44. Which element is liquid at room temperature?
a. Sodium
b. Bromine
c. Oxygen
d. Aluminum
45. Which element is most abundant in Earth’s crust?
a. Iron
b. Silicon
c. Oxygen
d. Aluminum
46. Which element has the symbol Na?
a. Nitrogen
b. Sodium
c. Nickel
d. Neon
47. Which element is a metalloid?
a. Helium
b. Silicon
c. Oxygen
d. Sodium
48. In the kitchen, oil often floats on water in a pan. Which method is best to separate them?
a. Filtration
b. Decantation
c. Evaporation
d. Chromatography
49. Mixtures are made when substances are combined physically. Which statement best
describes a mixture?
a. Substances chemically combined
b. Substances physically combined
c. Substances with fixed ratio
d. Pure substances only
50. Carlo compared water (H₂O) and fruit salad. What is the best way to distinguish a
compound from a mixture?
a. A compound can be separated only by chemical means
b. A compound keeps the original properties of elements
c. A mixture has a fixed ratio
d. A mixture is always invisible
Answer Key
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. C
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. C
12. B
13. B
14. B
15. C
16. C
17. B
18. C
19. B
20. A
21. C
22. C
23. C
24. A
25. B
26. C
27. B
28. C
29. C
30. A
31. C
32. D
33. B
34. B
35. A
36. C
37. B
38. C
39. C
40. B
41. B
42. C
43. C
44. B
45. C
46. B
47. B
48. B
49. B
50. A