GR 12 MASS MEDIA STUDIES

UNIT 3: NEW MEDIA AND FILMS 2.1 &4.1

1 What is a parallel cinema?

Ans: Parallel cinema refers to a movement in Indian filmmaking

that runs parallel to mainstream commercial cinema.

It focuses on realistic stories, social issues, and authentic

portrayals of everyday life, rather than song-and-dance
sequences or glamour. The aim is often to raise awareness or
provoke thought rather than just entertain.

Key features:

Realistic themes and characters, Low-budget, artistic production,

Focus on social and political issues, Natural acting and simple
dialogues

2 What is the major responsibility of the Censor Board ?

Ans: The major responsibility of the Censor Board (Central Board of

Film Certification – CBFC) is to review and certify films before they
are released to the public, ensuring that the content is suitable for
viewing and does not violate legal, moral, or cultural standards.

3 What is media convergence?

Media convergence is the process where different types of media

—print, television, radio, internet, and digital platforms—come
together and work in a unified way.
It allows content to be shared across multiple platforms,
reaching audiences in various formats like text, audio, video,
and interactive media.
Example: A news story appearing on TV, newspaper, website,
and social media simultaneously.
4 How important are studios in film making?

Studios are very important in filmmaking because they provide

a controlled environment for shooting movies.

Key roles of studios:

 Offer sets, lighting, and equipment for production.

 Allow control over sound, weather, and lighting
conditions.
 Provide space for special effects, post-production, and
editing.
 Help maintain consistency and efficiency in shooting
schedules.

In short, studios make filmmaking more professional, flexible,

and manageable.

5 With the development process of technology, what are the

advantages of assimilation of film into television?

Ans: Advantages of assimilation of film into television with

technological development:

1. Wider Audience Reach: Films can reach viewers at home

who cannot go to cinemas.
2. Repeated Viewing: Audiences can watch films multiple
times on TV.
3. Cost-Effective Entertainment: TV viewing is often cheaper
than going to a theater.
4. Increased Revenue: Filmmakers and producers earn
additional income through TV rights.
5. Accessibility: Makes films available to remote areas and
differently-abled audiences.
6. Promotion and Popularity: Films get more exposure,
increasing recognition for actors and content.

In short, TV extends the life, reach, and impact of films.

6 Write a short note on ‘Film Review’.

A film review is a critical evaluation of a movie that provides an

overview of its story, performances, direction, music, and technical
aspects. It helps the audience decide whether to watch the film and
 offers insights into its strengths and weaknesses.

Film reviews can appear in newspapers, magazines, websites, or TV,

and often reflect the reviewer’s personal opinion, analysis, and
recommendation.
7 Define the following terms in film making.
a. Story board
b. Clapper board
c. Call sheet
d. Dry run
Ans:

a. Storyboard:
A storyboard is a series of sketches arranged in sequence to visually plan the shots and
actions of a film before shooting.

b. Clapper Board:
A clapper board is a device used to mark scene and take numbers and to synchronize
sound and video through its clapping action.

c. Call Sheet:
A call sheet is a daily production schedule that informs cast and crew about shoot
timings, locations, scenes, and requirements.

d. Dry Run:
A dry run is a rehearsal of a scene without recording to test movements, timing, and
technical setups before the actual shoot.

8 Required budget for story and script, producer,

director and lead performers is considered in :
(A) Below-the-line cost
(B) Above-the-line cost
(C) Contingency
(D) Contingency and below-the-line budget
9 In which year was the movie ‘Yuva’ released?
A. 1992
B. 1922
C. 2004
D. 2001

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12 What does a video recorder do?
Video Recorder arranges video recording equipment and accessories, sets up video
recordings, performs recording checks, and monitors video quality

13 Who is a conceptualizer?
Those who are creating by thinking and make a content of a web page is called a
conceptualizer.

14 How has the new media contributed towards progress in democratic country?

New media has increased interaction, and contributed to the growth of democratic
participation, even as questions about information quality continue to persist.
New media has strengthened democracy by giving citizens faster access to
information and enabling them to express opinions freely through social media and
online platforms. It also promotes transparency by allowing people to question
authorities, participate in public debates, and hold the government accountable.

15 Highlight the role of the film producer.

film producer initiates and oversees the entire project, beginning with script development
and assembling the creative team. They manage budgeting, financing, legal formalities, and
provide all logistical support during production. The producer also handles on-set problem-
solving, supervises post-production with the director and editor, and organizes previews for
feedback. Finally, they plan marketing, advertising, and distribution—including sale of film
and music rights—ensuring the film achieves both creative vision and commercial success.
16 Who is called the captain of the ship in film industry? Give his roles and responsibilities.

In the film industry, the director is called the “captain of the ship.”

Roles and Responsibilities:

 Creative Vision: The director interprets the script and shapes the overall look,
style, and emotional tone of the film.
 Guiding Actors: Directs actors’ performances, helps them understand their
characters, and ensures consistency in acting.
 Shot Planning: Decides camera angles, movements, framing, lighting style,
and works closely with the cinematographer and art team.
 Supervising Production: Controls rehearsals, blocking, timing, and ensures
scenes are shot according to the creative plan.
 Post-Production Oversight: Works with the editor, sound designer, and
music director to finalize the film’s rhythm, pacing, and mood.

Thus, the director leads the film creatively from start to finish, just like a captain
steering a ship.
17 Who is called DoP? Give his significance in film industry.
DOP is director of Photography or a cinematographer.
The cinematographer is the artist-technician who translates the director’s vision onto the
screen, combining technical skill with artistic sensibility.
- In pre-production, they help select locations and plan the film’s visual style.
- They make key technical decisions, including lighting design, camera lenses, filters,
and film stock, often guiding the camera operator.
- Their choices shape the film’s mood, tone, and overall visual storytelling, making
them essential to realizing the director’s creative vision.

18 Explain how a Sound Recordist (Audiographer) contributes to the overall impact of a film.
Discuss their roles and the importance of balancing different sound elements in a scene.

- A Sound Recordist (Audiographer) contributes to a film’s overall impact by ensuring

all sound elements are clear, balanced, and emotionally effective.
- They record, edit, and mix dialogues, sound effects, and background scores, both
during production and in post-production, while supervising microphone selection
and placement.
- They manage specialized studios for dubbing, music recording, and re-recording.
Crucially, they balance different sound tracks—for example, keeping dialogues
audible over background music or adjusting effects in action scenes—so that each
scene achieves the intended mood and impact on the audience.
19 What is the difference between a music director and an audiographer?

 Music director

 Songs and background scores are usually composed and recorded

separately.
 Songs are often recorded before shooting, while background scores are
recorded in post-production.
 Music involves composers, singers, and musicians creating the melody and
harmony.

 Audiographer (Sound Recordist):

 Primarily responsible for recording, editing, mixing, and balancing all

sound in a film except music/songs during production and post-production.
 Ensures dialogues, sound effects, and background scores blend well and have
the right impact.
 Supervises microphone placement, dubbing, and re-recording.

20 Name the first Indian feature film, year, director language.

 Film: Raja Harishchandra
 Year: 1913
 Director: Dadasaheb Phalke
 Language: Silent film (no spoken language)