HIRANANDANI FOUNDATION SCHOOL, THANE

First Preliminary Examination – 2024

Subject: Geography
Marking Scheme
Std. X Time: 2hr.
Date:- 25/11/2024 M. Marks: 80
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PART I (30 Marks)

(Attempt all question from this Part)

Question 1

Study the extract of the Survey of India Map sheet No. G43S10 (refer to the
Topographical Maps Booklet Page No. 12 – B2) and answer the following questions:

(i) (a) Give the six-figure grid reference of the chhatri located towards west of the
settlement Dak in the south-east quarter of the map extract.
Ans. - 599242 [1]
(b) Name one settlement located on the right bank and one settlement located on the
left bank of the Sipu Nadi.
Ans. - On the right bank – Selwara and on the left bank – Hathal / Lunol [½+½]
(ii) (a) Identify the drainage pattern in grid square 5626 and in grid square 5527.
Ans. - 5626 – Trellised and 5527 – Dendritic [½+½]
(b) Anadra is the most important settlement in the map extract. Justify the statement
with two reasons.
Ans. - Anadra is the most important settlement in the map extract because of the
presence of NH 168 / Metalled roads / Post Office / Police Chauki / Power
lines with unsurveyed poles / Hospital / Veterinary hospital / Rest House
(Inspection Bungalow) / big permanent settlement.
(Any two) [½+½]
(iii) (a) What is the meaning of 5r in the grid square 6323?
Ans. - The relative height of the embankment of the dry tank is 5 m. / The relative
height of the bank of the seasonal river (Devangan Nadi) is 5 metres. [1]
(b) Identify two landforms in grid square 5721.
Ans. - Conical hill / Ridge / River valley
(Any two) [½+½]
(iv) (a) Farmers in this area, especially in the south-west quarter of the map extract, find
better prospect in their agricultural production. According to you, what has led
farmers to believe this?
Ans. - There is a canal under construction which will provide irrigation water for
better agricultural production. [1]
(b) What is the type of rainfall the mapped area experiences?
Ans. - Scanty seasonal rainfall [½+½]
(v) (a) In the extreme south-east corner of the map extract neither settlements nor good
roads have developed. What could be the reason for so?
Ans. - The presence of forest (green colour) / Relatively steep slopes (contours are
closely spaced) [1]
(b) Calculate the length of the metalled road in km. connecting the NH 168 and the
cart track, close to Lunol (5524).
Ans. - The scale of the map = 1 cm to 0.5 km.
The length of the metalled road on the map = 2.8 cm – 3.5 cm.
∴ The actual length on the ground = 1.4 km. – 1.75 km. (Ans.) [1]

Question 2

On the outline Map of India [10*1]

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Question 3

Choose the correct answer to the questions from the given options.
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answers only) [10*1]

(i) Maximum rainfall in India is received from the:

A. Arabian Sea branch of South-West Monsoon Winds

B. Bay of Bengal branch of South-West Monsoon Winds
C. Western Disturbances
D. North-East Monsoon Winds
Ans. - A. Arabian Sea branch of South-West Monsoon Winds

(ii) Black soil is self-ploughed because -

A. it is fine textured
B. it has natural cracks present throughout the year
C. it shrinks in dry season and develops cracks
D. it expands in wet period and becomes sticky
Ans. - C. it shrinks in dry season and develops cracks

(iii) Which of the following method can’t be used in arid and semi-arid region in India to
prevent soil erosion -

A. Afforestation
B. Strip cropping
C. Wind breaks
D. Terrace farming
Ans. - D. Terrace farming

(iv) Assertion (A): Tropical evergreen forests are found in hot and humid areas with
annual rainfall more than 200 cm.
Reason (R): Tropical evergreen forests are also known as ‘monsoon forests’.

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true.
Ans. - C. A is true but R is false.

(v) Study the picture given below and choose the disadvantage of this method of
irrigation:

A. Supplies water along with sediment

B. Very often causes water logging
C. Flow of water increases ground water level which also increases alkaline salts
on the surface and makes soil unproductive
D. Both B and C.
Ans. - D. Both B and C

(vi) Which of the following is NOT disadvantage of hydel power?

A. The cost of building dams for producing hydroelectricity is quite high.

B. It is a renewable source of energy.
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 C. Building a large dam can cause serious ecological damage
D. Building of dams to produce electricity, displaces many people from their
original area.
Ans. - B. It is a renewable source of energy

(vii) Fine plucking is -

A. Two tender leaves and a bud or shoot are usually plucked from each stem.
B. Two tender buds and two shoots are usually plucked from each stem.
C. Two tender leaves are usually plucked from each stem.
D. Two tender shoots are usually plucked from each stem.
Ans. - A. Two tender leaves and a bud or shoot are usually plucked from each
stem.

(viii) This by-product is obtained in the process of sugar manufacture involving repeated
crystallisation and centrifugation:

A. Khandsari
B. Bagasse
C. Molasses
D. Press mud
Ans. - C. Molasses

(ix) Two ports on the bank of the River Hooghly -

A. Kolkata and Kandla

B. Kolkata and Haldia
C. Haldia and Kandla
D. Kandla and Ennore
Ans. - B. Kolkata and Haldia

(x) Which of the following is the example of recycle?

A. Shoes or chappals are made from old tyres

B. Lamps are made from tin cans
C. Cardboard made from bagasse
D. Water bags are made from leather
Ans. - C. Cardboard made from bagasse

PART II (50 Marks)

(Attempt any five questions from this Part)

Question 4

(i) (a) Which are two factors responsible for sultry, oppressive weather condition in
October – November?
Ans. - High temperature and high humidity are responsible for sultry, oppressive
weather condition in October – November. [½+½]
(b) What is that weather phenomenon called?
Ans. - The weather phenomenon is called October Heat. [1]
(ii) Reshma, a student from Kochi (Kerala) visited Ladakh with her parents. She
was feeling very cold and was surprised at the vast difference in temperature
between her place and Ladakh.
(a) What is the possible reason for her observation?
Ans. - Kochi (Kerala) is located in the coastal plain, close to the Equator so
temperature remains high throughout the year but Ladakh is located away
from the Equator in high elevation, due to which temperature is cold. [1]
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 (b) Reshma found, Ladakh very dry too. Why?
Ans. - Ladakh is located in the rain-shadow area of the Himalayas, so the South-
West Monsoon Winds cannot bring rainfall and the area remains dry. [1]
(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) The Northern Plains of India experience continental climate because of
interior location, there is absence of moderating influence of the sea. [1]
(b) Most parts of India receive rainfall from June to September because of
on-shore South-West Monsoon Winds. [1]
(c) Punjab receives rainfall from three sources because Punjab experiences
rainfall from the Arabian Sea branch of South-West Monsoon Winds and
also from the Bay of Bengal branch of South-West Monsoon Winds during
rainy season. In winter it receives rainfall from Western Disturbances. [1]
(iv) Study the climatic data of a city in India and answer the questions that follow:

Months Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temperature 24 24 26 29 32 30 29 29 28 26 27 25
ºC
Rainfall 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.9 9.7 28.5 42.3 32.8 11.6 6.0 1.8 0.5
cm

(a) Calculate the annual range of temperature.

Ans. - 8o C. is the annual range of temperature. [1]
(b) Name the wettest month and the driest month.
Ans. - The wettest month is July and the driest month is February. [½+½]
(c) Suggest a name of this city, giving a reason for your answer.
Ans. - Mumbai / Mangalore / Kochi because the annual range of temperature is low
so has coastal location and maximum rainfall occurs in June-July-August.
[½+½]

Question 5

( a ) Explain the following terms:

(i) Leaching
Ans. - Leaching is the process in which the nutrients get percolated down below the
soil due to heavy seasonal rainfall. [1]
(ii) In-situ soil
Ans. - The soils which are formed in their original position by the breaking down
(weathering) of parent rocks. [1]
( b ) Indian Army rescues 300 or more tourists stranded in North Sikkim due to
landslides and roadblocks. NDTV 19th June 2023
(i) What according to you was the possible reasons (mention one natural reason
and one man-made reason) for landslides and roadblocks?
Ans. - The natural reason is steep mountain slopes / heavy rainfall and man-made
reason is deforestation due to unplanned development. [½+½]
(ii) What preventive measure can be taken to reduce landslides?
Ans. - Afforestation / Reforestation can be done to reduce landslides. [1]
( c ) Give a reason for each of the following:
(i) The fertility of Khadar soil is naturally maintained because after every
monsoonal flood new layer of alluvium gets added. [1]
(ii) Red soil needs fertilizer support for crop cultivation because it is poor in
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter. [1]
(iii) Soil erosion may reduce water holding capacity of the rivers because of
erosion soil particles get deposited on the river bed (silting). [1]
( d ) (i) How does alluvial soil form?
Ans. - Alluvial soil is formed by the deposition of sediments brought down by
rivers. [1]
(ii) Suggest one preventive measure against soil erosion in the upper course of a
river.
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Ans. - Soil erosion can be prevented in the upper course of a river by constructing
dam. [1]
(iii) Name one geographical area where black soil is mostly found.
Ans. - Black soil is mostly found in the Deccan Trap / Deccan Lava Tract. [1]

Question 6

( a ) (i) Identify the type of forests which are grown on the western slopes of the
Western Ghats.
Ans. - The Tropical Evergreen / Rain Forests are grown on the western slopes of
the Western Ghats. [1]
(ii) Which climatic factor is mainly responsible for the growth of the above
mentioned forests?
Ans. - More 200 cm. of annual rainfall is mainly responsible for the growth of
Tropical Rain / Evergreen Forests. [½]
(iii) State any one characteristic feature of the timber produced in the above
mentioned forests which makes them valuable.
Ans. - The timbers are hard / durable / fine-grained which make them valuable.
[½]
( b ) Write the difference between afforestation and deforestation.
Ans. - Afforestation is planting trees on lands which are not previously covered
with forest vegetation.
whereas
Deforestation is the clearing or thinning of forests by humans for wood, crop
land and grazing land. [1+1]
( c ) Give a reason for each of the following:
(i) We need to plant trees in and around large industrial towns because of
purifying the air / trees act as barrier for the dust. [1]
(ii) Trees are stunted in Tropical Desert Forests because of paucity of rainfall.
[1]
(iii) Forests help to maintain underground water table because forests help in
water percolation. [1]
( d ) Forest Ministry charges NTPC limited 3000 crores for illegal mining in the
forest areas of Jharkhand. Hindustan Times
(i) Name the type of forests found in Jharkhand which is located in the north-
eastern part of the Peninsular Plateau.
Ans. - Tropical Deciduous / Monsoon Forests are found in Jharkhand. [1]
(ii) Why is it relatively easy to clear these forests for mining?
Ans. - Tropical Deciduous Forests are less dense so it is easy to clear the forests for
mining. [1]
(iii) “Forests influence human environment”. How do the forests positively affect
(mention any one) the environment so that it is necessary to preserve.
Ans. - Forests influence human environment by:
moderating climate as the trees reduce the temperature /
regulating water supply since forests provide more moisture to the air and
bring rainfall /
maintaining fertility of the soil by providing humus and moisture to the soil /
purifying air by providing more oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide.
(any one) [1]

Question 7

( a ) Name any two conventional means of irrigation and any two modern means of
irrigation.
Ans. - Conventional means of irrigation are wells / tanks / inundation canals.
(any two)
Modern means of irrigation are tubewells / perennial canals / drip irrigation.
(any two) [4*½]
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( b ) A school in Mumbai organized a drawing competition on 22nd March (World
Water Day) among students about global issue of water, especially in cities.
First prize was bagged by Ravina, for her drawing with the caption “Water,
Water everywhere but not a drop to drink”.
(i) Water, Water everywhere but not a drop to drink. Do you agree with this
caption? Justify your answer.
Ans. - The caption says the truth because of pollution many sources of water are
not suitable for drinking. [1]
(ii) Why do you think, there is a need to create awareness for water conservation?
Ans. - There is a need to conserve water because of increasing demand due to
increase in population there will be scarcity of water. [1]
( c ) (i) Name any two states in India where tubewell irrigation is commonly practiced.
Ans. - Tubewell irrigation is commonly practiced in Punjab / Haryana / Uttar
Pradesh / Bihar / West Bengal / Rajasthan / Madhya Pradesh / Gujarat.
(any two) [½+½]
(ii) Mention any two favourable conditions for drilling of tubewells.
Ans. - The favourable conditions for drilling tubewells are:
availability of plentiful water at great depth /
level land and soft soil for the installation of tubewells /
large fertile area to be irrigated /
availability of regular cheap electricity to run the tubewells.
(any two) [1+1]
( d ) Give a reason for each of the following:
(i) Black soil does not require frequent irrigation because of its high clay
content the soil retains its moisture. [1]
(ii) Drip irrigation is the most efficient method of irrigation because in this
method of irrigation it is possible to conserve water due to drastic
reduction of the use of water / by reducing loss of water due to evaporation.
[1]
(iii) Canal irrigation is more widespread in the Northern Plains because of the
presence of a number of perennial rivers / flat land where it is easy to
construct canals / the construction of canals is economically more
beneficial since agriculture is the main occupation.
(any one) [1]

Question 8

(i) Identify the type of non-conventional energy resources associated with the centres /
areas in India given below:
(a) Tarapur in Maharashtra
Ans. - Nuclear energy
(b) Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh
Ans. - Geothermal energy
(c) Nagarcoil to Madurai in Tamil Nadu
Ans. - Wind energy
(d) Bhadla in Rajasthan
Ans. - Solar energy [4*½]
(ii) Mention two advantages of using natural gas over petroleum.
Ans. - Two advantages of using natural gas over petroleum are:
Compared to petroleum natural gas is an eco-friendly fuel. Natural gas has
methane so less carbon emissions.
Natural gas is relatively cheaper fuel than diesel or gasoline, which are
petroleum products. [1+1]
(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) It is necessary to conserve mineral resources because minerals are
exhaustible over time and cannot be replenished immediately when
needed. [1]
(b) Manganese is an important raw material used in iron and steel plants
because it is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting. [1]
(c) Closeness to coal fields is an important factor in industrial development. [3]
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(iv) Refer to the image given below and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Identify the type of energy depicted in the given picture.

Ans. - Solar energy is depicted. [½]
(b) For what purpose do we use this energy in space?
Ans. - Solar energy is used to power satellites in space. [½]
(c) Why is this energy considered as the energy resource of the future?
Ans. - Solar energy is considered as the energy resource of the future because it is
renewable source of energy. [1]
(d) India’s location is advantageous for the generation of this type of energy. Justify
with a reason.
Ans. - The Tropic of cancer passes through centre of India and most parts of the
country have 300 clear sunny days in a year, so India has the advantage to
generate solar power. [1]

Question 9

(i) Differentiate between intensive and extensive farming.

Ans. -
Intensive Farming Extensive Farming
Small farms are intensively Farms are huge in size.
cultivated.
It is labour intensive. It is capital intensive.
More than one crop is cultivated on Farmer specialises in the production
the same field. of one or two major commercial
crops.
(any two) [1+1]

(ii) Punjab is endowed with fertile alluvial soil and abundant water from the
Himalayan rivers. The climate too is quite suitable for the agricultural
production. Sanjay is thinking of cultivating either cotton or jute. Suggest him
the crop.
(a) Which crop out of these two should he cultivate keeping in mind the conditions
required for their growth?
Ans. - Cotton is the right crop to cultivate. [½]
(b) Justify the above answer with favourable geographical conditions which prevail
in Punjab.
Ans. - In Punjab, temperature ranges between 21℃ ℃ to 30℃℃., 200 frost free days
are available.
Rainfall should be moderate, ranging from 50 cm to 75cm.
The fertile alluvial soils of the Great Plains is suitable. [½+½+½]
(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) Coffee plants are pruned annually because it makes picking easy / to
ensure heavy bearing of coffee berries. [1]
(b) Pulses are usually rotated with other crops because pulses are leguminous
crops, can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil. They increase the natural
fertility of the soil. [1]
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 (c) Transplanting method gives higher yields because only the healthy plants
are picked for resowing in the field / there is less wastage of seeds / weeds
are removed while resowing. [1]
(iv) Refer to the image given below and answer the questions that follow:

(a) What type of agricultural process is this and which crop is associated with this
process?
Ans. - The agricultural process is ratooning and the crop is sugarcane. [½+½]
(b) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of the agricultural process
mentioned above.
oAns. - Advantage of rationing is:
Crop needs not be planted again, it saves labour. /
The ratoon matures early. /
This method is cheaper as it does not involve any extra inputs.
(any one)
Disadvantage is:
The yield is of thinner canes with lower sucrose content. /
There is more risk of pests and diseases. [1+1]

Question 10

(i) Write two economic importance of cotton textile industry in India.

Ans. - The economic importance of cotton textile industries are:
India exports cotton goods to a large number of countries, especially of Asia
and Africa and generates foreign exchange. /
Provides employment to millions of people. /
Supports other industries like chemicals for dyeing and bleaching, packaging
and transport.
(any two) [1+1]
(ii) Give two points of difference between village industries and cottage industries.
Ans. –
Village Industries Cottage Industries

Located in villages, fulfill the basic needs of the Mostly located in villages; although
local market and all its requirements (raw they are scattered all over the
material, labour, etc.) are met from within the country.
village.

Industries require separate areas for Cottage industries are located in the
establishment. homes of artisans, therefore, these
are also called household industries.

There are hired labourers. They use family members mostly

and sometimes locally available
talent.
(any two difference) [1+1]
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(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) Iron and steel industry is also called basic industry because they provide
raw materials to other industries. [1]
(b) It is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting because
its sucrose content goes on decreasing with time. [1]
(c) Bengaluru is termed as Silicon valley of India because it is the hub of all
major IT companies in India due to:
its pleasant climate. /
its good transport facilities. /
the availability of highly trained professionals, /
progressive government policies.
(any one) [1]
(iv) By 2022, India has ranked as sixth largest player in the global petrochemical
business with a market size of around USD 190 Bn. India’s strong economic
progress, supported by robust macro fundamentals and population growth are
major enables for the petrochemical manufacturing hub.
(a) Why are petrochemical products gaining popularity? (Write one reason)
Ans. - Petrochemical products are gaining popularity because the products are
cheaper / economically stable / raw material easily available and not
dependent on agricultural raw material [1]
(b) Why is the petrochemical industry located close to oil refinery?
Ans. - Petrochemical industries are located close to oil refinery because they can
supply the basic requirements of Naphtha or Ethylene and Benzene. [1]
(c) Where is the largest petrochemical production unit located in India?
Ans. - The largest petrochemical production unit is located in Thane-Belapur area
near Mumbai in Maharashtra. [1]

Question 11

(i) What are the two major advantages of inland water transport?
Ans. - Two major advantages of inland water transport are:
It is environment-friendly mode of transport. /
It is cost effective mode of transport. /
Inland water transport is fuel-efficient mode of transport. /
It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky material within the country.
(any two) [1+1]
(ii) Mr. Patel is planning to take his family on a trip to visit the Taj Mahal. He will
be travelling with a small baby and elderly parents. He is planning to travel by
train from Vadodara to Agra.
(a) Give one reason to support Mr. Patel’s decision to travel by train.
Ans. - Railways provide comfortable journey as the trains have enough space to
stretch legs and move in the corridors. Even at night, one can sleep
comfortably on the berths provided in the trains. Since Mr. Patel will travel
with small baby and elderly parents so his decision to travel by train is
correct. [1]
(b) If budget is not a constraint, what could be an alternate mode of transport
instead of train and why?
Ans. - If budget is not a constraint then airways could be an alternative mode of
transport because airways is the fastest mode of transport. [½+½]
(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) A well-developed transport is important for industrial growth because good
transport network helps to carry raw materials to the factories and finished
products from factories to the market. [1]
(b) Water transport is not popular as land transport in India because it is the
slowest mode of transport. [1]
(c) The Northern Plains of India has the densest network of the road because
the land is flat so it is easy to construct roads / densely populated / the area
is agriculturally as well as industrially developed. [1]
(iv) (a) Write one point of difference between National Highways and State Highways.
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Ans. -

National Highways State Highways

The main roads are constructed and The roads are constructed and
maintained by the Central maintained by the State
Government. Government.
The roads run through the length The roads provide linkage with the
and breadth of the country National Highways, district
connecting every major city and are headquarters, important towns,
the backbone of road infrastructure. tourist centres and minor ports
within the state.
(any one) [1]
(b) Name any two sea ports located along the East Coast and any two sea port
located along the West Coast of India.
Ans. - Sea ports along the east Coast are Paradip / Vishakhapatnam / Chennai /
Tuticorin / Ennore.
(any two)
Along the West Coast sea ports are Mumbai / Jawaharlal Nehru (Nava
Sheva) / Kandla / Mormugao / New Mangalore / Kochi.
(any two) [4*½]

Question 12

(i) Mention any two impact of accumulation of waste in our surrounding areas.
Ans. - Impact of accumulation of waste are:
Spoilage of landscape – heap of garbage ruins the natural beauty of the land.
Accumulation of waste is probably the most visible form of pollution.
Spread of diseases – unattended waste attracts flies, rats and other creatures
that act as vectors of the diseases and spread them among human beings.
Waste accumulated on the land may cause soil and water pollution which
have adverse effect on us as well as the environment.
(any two) [1+1]
(ii) What are the two advantages of segregation of waste?
Ans. - Two advantages of segregation of waste are:
There will be reduction in the volume of waste, reducing air and water
pollution.
It becomes easier to apply different processes of waste disposal like
composting, recycling and incineration depending upon the nature of waste.
[1+1]
(iii) Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
(a) It is difficult to recycle e-waste because of the complexity of each item and
lack of viable recycling systems. [1]
(b) Dumping of waste on the ground may contaminate groundwater because
some of the toxic substance may get mixed with water on the ground and
due to seeping may get mix with ground water. [1]
(c) Recycled plastic bags are harmful because the melting of plastic and plastic
products breaks some polymer chains into smaller units which are harmful.
It is non-biodegradable. [1]
(iv) (a) Name two gases which are generated due to bacterial decomposition of waste,
contributing potentially to global warming.
Ans. - Methane and carbon dioxide contribute to global warming. [1]
(b) What is the basic cause of the Taj Mahal's discoloration?
Ans. - The basic acuse of the Taj Mahal’s discoloration is acid rain produced by
the pollutants from the Mathura oil refinery. [1]
(c) Which process can we use to reduce the amount of inflammable waste?
Ans. - By incineration we can reduce the amount of inflammable waste. [1]
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