THEORIES OF CRIME 7.

A pregnant woman who habitually drinks alcohol and

abuses drugs
may affect her child. It may fall into what
1. Which of the following is MACRO perspective? (February
perspective/theory of crime causation? (Actual Board
2024, LEC)
Question)
A. Classical B. Neo-classical
A. Biosocial B. Biopsychological
[Link] D. Positivist
C. Biochemical D. Psychosocial

2. Jose and his fellow adolescents are living with economic

8. In a certain geographical location where all residents are
difficultiesand are engaged in some unlawful activities.
exposed to hazardous environment (i.e., informal settlers)
Adjacent in theirenvironment is a subdivision not regularly
located near polluted industrial sites, the likelihood that
patrolled by policemen and "tanods" and whose residents
children born there may be inclined to criminal activities.
are mostly middle and upper class of the society whose
Which explains criminal acts are caused by environmental
houses are fully equipped with easily saleable items,
pollutants? (Actual Board Question)
fixtures and appliances. Applying the routine activity theory,
A. Biopsychosocial B. Biosocial
which may aptly consider to Jose and his fellow
C. Biochemical D. Biopsychological
adolescents? (Actual Board Question)
A. Motivated offenders B. Economically poor
9. The study of the external formation of the skull in relation
C. Suitable targets D. Capable guardians
to the personality of man. (August 2025, LEC)
A. Physiognomy B. Phrenology
3. A robbery occurs to a young woman who routinely goes for
C. Physiology D. Somatology
late-night walks alone in a high-crime neighborhood. Which
theory BEST explains her increased risk of victimization?
10. Based on the somatotyping theory developed by William
(February 2025, LEC)
Sheldon, which body type is MOST strongly linked to an
A. Victim Precipitation Theory B. Routine Activities
increased risk of violence and delinquency? (February
Theory
2025, LEC)
C. Lifestyle Theory D. Social Learning Theory
A. Endomorph B. Mesomorph
C. Ectomorph D. Polymorph
4. Motorists sometimes forget to lock their vehicles or may
unintentionally leave their cellular phones behind. In doing
11. Mico’s parents and most of his siblings are all involved in
so,they become victims of a crime. (Actual Board
deviant and criminal act. Mico’s conduct and his relative is
Question)
an example of what biological theory? (February 2024,
A. Victim provocation B. Victim administration
LEC)
C. Victim precipitation D. Victim facilitation
A. Genetics B. Trait
C. Personality D. Heredity
5. Robby wanted to steal the wallet of Bobby, the latter resist
to give his wallet. The two boxed each other that results
12. Which of these findings about the etiology of crime is
injury. (February 2024, LEC)
supported by data from family studies, such as twin and
A. Victim provocation B. Victim facilitation
adoption studies? (Actual Board Question)
C. Victim precipitation D. Rematch
A. There is no difference in the amount of criminal
behavior displayed by identical twins.
6. What theory focuses on the genetic factors as causes of
B. There is an assurance that a person will commit crimes
crime? (Actual Board Question)
if their adoptive parents have a criminal record.
A. Classical B. Psychological
C. Criminal behavior is probably influenced by a mix of
C. Biological D. Sociological
environmental factors and genetic predisposition.
 D. An individual's risk of committing a crime is unaffected A. People who have higher dopamine levels are more
by environmental variables. likely to commit violent, impulsive crimes.
B. People who have lower dopamine levels are more likely
13. Which of the following best sums up the criminology "nature to commit property crimes.
versus nurture" controversy? (February 2025, LEC) C. There is no correlation between dopamine levels and
A. The question: "Is criminal behavior caused by biological criminal behavior.
factors or psychological factors?" D. Dysregulation in dopamine systems, which results in
B. The question: "Is criminal behavior caused by genetic reward seeking
predisposition or environmental factors?"
C. "Is criminal behavior caused by individual choices or
societal Influences?"
D. The question: "Is criminal behavior caused by poverty
or lack of education?"

14. A study on the effects of hormones on criminal behavior is

being carried out by a researcher. Which hormone from the
list below that drives violent behavior? (August 2025, LEC)
A. Insulin B. Estrogen and oxytocin
C. Testosterone and androgen D. Melatonin and oxytocin

15. A group of young men are being studied by a researcher to

find out how much testosterone they have and how
aggressive they are. Based on what is known about
science today, which of the following claims would be
MOST suitable for the researcher to make? (Actual Board
Question)
A. "Higher testosterone levels directly cause aggressive
and criminal behavior."
B. "There is no relationship between testosterone levels
and aggression."
C. "Higher testosterone levels may be associated with
increased aggression, but the relationship is complex and
influenced by social and contextual factors."
D. The fact that "Testosterone levels have no biological
basis and are solely determined by social factors."

16. Which neurotransmitter is MOST strongly linked to

impulsivity and violence, perhaps influencing criminal
behavior? (Actual Board Question)
A. Dopamine B. Serotonin
C. Endorphins D. Oxytocin

17. Which of the following research findings about the

relationship between dopamine and criminal behavior
would be MOST in line with what is currently known about INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY
science? (Actual Board Question)
1. Which of these typologies of killer murder a numerous number A. Immigrant, minorities B. Young, old, women
of people overtime and seek to escape out of detection? (Actual C. Both A and B D. None of these
Board Question)
A. Serial B. Spree 8. It refers to a person who killed three or more individual in a
C. Mass D. Chance three or more separate events? (Actual Board Question)
A. Spree Killer B. Mass Murderer
2. Cesare Lombroso focuses on biological while Raffaele C. Homicidal D. Serial Killer
Garofalo on Psychological determinism of crime. How about
Enrico Ferri? (Actual Board Question) 9. The Chairperson and each member shall, at the time of their
A. Psychological B. Manifold causes appointment, must be a registered criminologist with a valid
C. Sociological D. Economical certificate of registration and a valid professional identification
card, having at least_ years of practice in the profession prior to
3. Why is there a need to know the difference between crimes the appointment. (Actual Board Question)
classified as mala prohibita and crimes classified as mala in se? A. 3 B.5
(Actual Board Question) C.8 D.10
A. It aids in deciding how harshly various offences will be
punished. 10. All but one are the objectives of the Philippine Criminology
B. It makes clearer moral and legal implications of certain Profession Act of 2018. (Actual Board Question)
behaviors. A. The examination, registration and licensure for
C. It offers a background on the evolution of criminal criminologists;
legislation. B. The participation in the standardization of the
D. It makes a distinction between crimes perpetrated by criminology education program
businesses and people. C. To promulgate and adopt Code of Ethics and Code
of Good Governance for the practice of criminology;
4. In the mitigating circumstances, the age of minor is below 18 D. The development of the professional competence of
acted without discernment. What about senility? (Actual Board criminologists through Continuing Professional
Question) Development (CPD)
A.60 B. 65
C. Below 70 D. Above 70 11. What is NOT a ground for the revocation of certificate of
registration of a licensed criminologist? (Actual Board Question)
5. Which among the following is NOT related or associated to A. Malpractice and incompetency
Neo-Classical concept. (July-August 2024, LEC) B. Administrative sanctions
A. Deterrence B. Rehabilitation C. Unprofessional conduct
C. Target hardening D. Making the target less D. Serious ignorance or gross negligence
vulnerable or less prone to attack
12. The Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists shall
6. Amie travelled to a place where the inhabitants have a culture have the power, upon notice and hearing, to revoke or suspend
different from his own. This causes communication gap and the certificate of registration of a registered criminologist or to
misunderstanding between him and the residents of the place. cancel temporary/special permit granted to foreign criminologist
As a result, Amie can be an easy victim of a crime. Which refers for the commission of any of the following acts, EXCEPT (Actual
to the status of Amie? (Actual Board Question) Board Question)
A. Immigrant B. Female
C. Senile/old D. Minorities A. Non-renewal of the professional identification card for a
period of 3 years with the PRC without justifiable cause
7. Which of the following are socially weak? (Actual Board
Question)
 B. Perpetration or use of fraud in obtaining one's C. Positivist D. Sociological
certificate of registration, professional identification card
or temporary/special permit 20. Grounds for Removal or Suspension of Board
C. Non-compliance with CPD and AIPO requirements, Chairperson/Member, EXCEPT. (Actual Board Question)
unless one is exempted therefrom, for the renewal of A. Manipulation or rigging of the results in the licensure
professional identification card examination for criminologist.
D. Addiction to drugs or alcohol impairing one's ability to B. Gross neglect, incompetence or dishonesty in the
practice the profession or a declaration by a court of discharge of one's duty.
competent jurisdiction that the registrant is of unsound C. Manipulation or rigging of the results in the licensure
mind examination for criminologists, disclosure of secret
and confidential information on the examination
13. Anyone can be a victim of crime or be a criminal of a crime? questions prior to the conduct thereof, or tampering
(Actual Board Question) of grades.
A. Crime is general B. Crime is pervasive D. Commission of any crime involving moral turpitude.
C. Crime is progressive D. Crime is reflective
21. A police officer wants to teach Criminology subjects. What is
14. What is the nature of RA 9262? (July-August 2024, LEC) the required qualification? (August 2025, LEC)
A. Mala in se B. Mala prohibita A. PhD B. 5 years' experience in the PNP
C. Felony D. Mahal na kita C. RCrim [Link] Dancer

15. "Because of shoplifting, a new law was created." (August 22. The Accredited Integrated Professional Organization (AIPO)
2025, LEC) wants to change its Tables of Specification (TOS). Who must
A. Consensus B. Conflict approve the TOS? (August 2025, LEC)
C. Interactionist D. Labeling theory A. ΑΙΡΟ B. CHED
C. Panel D. PRC
16. It is easily duped because his or her motivation for easy gain
lowers his or her natural tendency to be suspicious. (Actual 23. This type of robber is driven by situational factors and seizes
Board Question) to commit robbery when it presents itself. According to Conklin's
A. Greedy Type B. Depressive Type typology of robbers, which of the following is the most common?
C. Wanton Type D. Tormentor Type (February 2025, LEC)
A. Opportunistic Robber B. Addict Robber
17. Refers to a type of victim attacked from the target of his or C. Professional Robber D. Serious Robber
her abuse, such as with battered women. (Actual Board
Question) 24. Which of the following best sums up the circumstances that
A. Depressive Type B. Greedy Type result in voluntary manslaughter? (Actual Board Question)
C. Tormentor Type D. Wanton Type A. A murder committed in reaction to an unexpected,
serious provocation.
18. Which type of criminal possesses atavistic tendency? (Actual B.A deliberate murder that is well-thought-out and
Board Question) executed.
A. Neurotic B. Born C. A fatality that happens while committing a crime.
C. Psychotic D. Hedonistic D. A homicide brought on by egregious carelessness

19. Which theory is associated with the reason for changes in 25. Which of the following describes the right ofusing the term
human behavior due to anxiety or depression? (February 2025, "Registered Criminologist" (RCrim)? (Actual Board Question)
LEC) A. The freedom to work in any law enforcement-related
A. Classical B. Neo-Classical profession.
 B. A promise of a job in state-run police enforcement. 31. A criminology research on the links between the different
C. The criminology field's professional competence and types of crimes and criminals is referred to as crime_
commitment to ethical principles. (Actual Board Question)
D. The capacity to carry out independent inquiries free
from police oversight. A. Etiology B. Profiling
C. Typology D. Statistics
26. Which of the following is the primary responsibility of the
registered criminologists? (Actual Board Question)
A. To observe the law B. To enforce the law
C. To uplift the law D. To uphold the law

27. Which approach is applied when the government strategy on

crime prevention is punishment and retribution of crime rather
than the rehabilitation of offender? (Actual Board Question)
A. Eclectic B. Classical
C. Positivist D. Sociological

28. What is NOT an element of classical criminology? (Actual

Board Question)
A. The use of scientific method in explaining phenomenon
like criminal behavior.
B. Crime is attractive when it promises great benefits with
little effort
C. People have free will to choose lawful solutions to meet
their needs or settle their problems
D. Crime may be controlled by the fear of punishment

29. Which of the following is the classicist? (Actual Board

Question)
A. They are a rational thinker and they know the
consequences of their action
B. They have physical characteristics of criminal
propensities
C. They cannot practice their freewill due to their mental
disturbances
D. A child who cannot distinguish what is right and wrong

30. Which sub-areas constitute the discipline of criminology that

utilizes scientific methods to assess the effectiveness of crime
control and offender treatment programs? (Actual Board
Question)
A. Penology and Social Control HUMAN BEHAVIOR
B. Criminal Statistics and Research Methodology 1. In light of the particular difficulties associated with becoming a
C. Criminal Behavior System and Criminal Typology victim of cybercrime, what is the one element that most
D. Sociology of law and Criminal Typology seriouslyimpedes law enforcement's capacity to successfully
look into and prosecute offenders? (August 2025, LEC)
A. The rapid development of cybercrime techniques and A. Cyber Bullying B. Cyber Stalking
technology. C. Identity Theft D. Online Harrasment
B. The victims' fear or humiliation that prevents them from
reporting 6. A victim initially identified a suspect during a police line-up
cybercrimes. but later retracted the statement, claiming it was a case of
C. The fact that cybercrime is often multinational, involving mistaken identity. What type of victim is this?
offenders (August 2025, LEC)
and victims from several countries. A. Latent B. False
D. The general public's ignorance of the dangers and C. Reluctant D. Ideal
repercussions of
cybercrime. 7. To date, several branches of Victimology started to grow.
When a criminologist focuses on advocating for the victims
2. An individual clicks on a dubious link in an email and becomes and their rights in relation to certain types of prosecutions.
a victim of a phishing scam. When examining this incidence from This branch is referred to as ____. (Actual Board Question)
the perspective of cybercrime victimization, what element most A. General Victimology B. Victimology
directly led to their susceptibility in this particular situation? (July- C. Penal Victimology D. Forensic Victimology
August 2024, LEC)
A. Ignorance of phishing schemes and how they operate. 8. Mang Karding had a sexual desire to his granddaughter Maria,
B. Their gadget does not have the most recent antivirus software what type of sexual behavior is this? (February 2024, LEC)
installed. A. Sadism B. Pedophilia
C. An overestimation of their capacity to recognize online risks. C. Incest D. Necrophilia
D. Posting private information on social media.
9. This personality is said to be that of a human being who
3. A victim profiling system is being developed by a police possesses consciousness of the self and of the world. Which
agency to support investigations. Which among the following DOES NOT constitute the personality of man? (Actual Board
is the MOST pressing ethical issue? (February 2025, LEC) Question)
A. The possibility of better public safety. A. Mental state B. Temperament
B. The possibility of discrimination and stereotypes being C. Soul D. Emotion
reinforced.
C. The enhanced effectiveness of the inquiries. 10. A client with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder
D. The possibility of lower crime rates. (BPD) is being treated by a therapist. The client often
participates in self-destructive activities. Looking at this case,
4. A victim profiling system is being developed by a police what therapeutic strategy would assist the client the MOST in
agency to support investigations. Which result is the MOST creating more positive coping skills? (July-August 2024, LEC)
UNLIKELY consequence of this development? A. Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)
(July-August 2024, LEC) B. Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)
A. Enhanced effectiveness in locating possible offenders. C. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
B. Possible resource misallocation as a result of the victim D. Motivational Interviewing
profiling focus.
C. A better comprehension of victim vulnerabilities to stop 11. Characterized by an exaggerated self-importance and pre-
crimes from happening again. occupation with receiving attention. (Actual Board Question)
D. Improved cooperation and communication across law A. Paranoid Personality B. Dependent Personality
enforcement organizations. C. Borderline Personality D. Narcissistic Personality

5. In the context of Cybercrime Victimization. Which type of 12. Janine could not conform to the social norms, rules and
crime most likely involve in Latent Victim? (August 2025, LEC) regulations. She is manipulative, deceitful, and reckless, and
does not care for the feelings of other people. Which disorder is C. sexual assaults D. natural disasters
Janine suffering from? (Actual Board Question)
A. Antisocial personality B. Depressive 20. Manuel’s condition deprives him of freedom of choice,
C. Schizophrenia D. Delusional manifested by actions which deviate from normal conduct. Such
condition requires treatment and medication. Which condition is
13. A psychopath is calloused, unemotional, and morally Manuel suffering from? (Actual Board Question)
deprived. Which is the central or cardinal feature of A. Mental illness B. Mental retardation
psychopaths? (Actual Board Question) C. Mental depression D. Mental disorder
A. Impulsivity B. Success
C. Cunning ability D. Kind hearted 21. What part of the brain that response to emotion, fear and
anxiety? (February 2024, LEC)
14. A person is acting strangely and saying he can hear voices. A. Hypothalamus B. Cerebrum
The person seems afraid and confused. Which psychological C. Amygdala D. Thalamus
condition is most likely to be connected to these signs and
symptoms? (Actual Board Question) 22. This way of life is based on mutual help. When there is
A. Depression B. Schizophrenia abundance all are fed, when food it scarce all are hungry.
C. Substance Use Disorder D. Post-Traumatic Stress Furthermore, a person is subordinate to nature and becomes
Disorder (PTSD) materialistic and selfish. Which is being referred to in this
situation? (Actual Board Question)
15. Fredie hearing voices in his head that he should kill A. Socialism B. Altruism
his brother. (Actual Board Question) C. Communism D. Anomie
A. Delusion B. Hallucination
C. Illusion D. Paranoia 23. Ana is very kind. She always helps people in need.
This exemplifies to ____. (Actual Board Question)
16. Juancho is suffering from “split personality” where he seems A. Socialism B. Communism
to have several distinct personalities. Which condition is Juancho C. Capitalism D. Altruism
suffering from? (Actual Board Question)
A. Borderline Personality B. Dissociative 24. Which theory would most likely be most useful to a police
C. Anxiety D. Obsessive Compulsive officer dealing with a suspect displaying symptoms of
delusions and paranoia in order to comprehend the suspect's
17. Loss of memory linked/due to some mental problems. behavior? (February 2025, LEC)
(Actual Board Question) A. Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
A. Amnesia B. Mania B. Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
C. Paranoia D. Psychastenia C. Skinner's Behaviorism
D. Cognitive Behavioral Theory
18. Total loss of memory due to vehicular accident. (Actual
Board Question) 25. Even after being penalized several times, a youngster is still
A. Amnesia B. Paranoia having trouble comprehending that stealing is bad. Which
C. PTSD D. Dissociative Identity Disorder developmental theory fits this child's conduct the best? (July-
August 2024, LEC)
19. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is characterized by A. Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory
intense disturbing thoughts, and feelings related to a terrifying B. Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory
event that a person has experienced, and lasts for a long time C. Skinner's Behaviorism
after such event has occurred. PTSD may be experienced after D. Bandura's Social Learning Theory
the following events. EXCEPT. (Actual Board Question)
A. military combat B. momentous events 26. A young adult who was neglected and inconsistently raised
finds it difficult to build positive relationships and frequently
feels alone. Using Erikson's theory to analyze their case, which
earlier stage is MOST likely still need to be resolved?
(Actual Board Question)
A. Industry vs. Inferiority
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Initiative vs. Guilt

27. Which developmental stage according to Erik Erikson's

Psychosocial Development Theory may a young offender who
often participates in dangerous activity and finds it difficult to
build meaningful relationships be experiencing difficulties with?
(Actual Board Question)
A. Trust vs. Mistrust
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Industry vs. Inferiority

28. 35-year-old criminal who has been found guilty of fraud

multiple times shows no regret for the people they have
deceived. Which unresolved stage or conflict is MOST likely at
play, according to Erikson's Psychosocial Development theory
analysis of this behavior? (February 2025, LEC)
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation

29. Which refers to a behavior of a lawbreaker that leads to the

commission of an illicit act? (Actual Board Question)
A. Immature behavior
B. Psychopathic behavior
C. Deviant behavior
D. Criminal behavior

PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT

1. When a driver passes by a flag ceremony, what should the

driver do? (August 2025, LEC)
A. Stop B. Slow down
C. Drive faster D. Horn as a greeting
 9. Which of the following is the advocacy for the criminology
2. What should a Criminology student do when the Philippine profession? (August 2025, LEC)
National Anthem is being sung? (August 2025, LEC) A. A Criminologist shall protect the profession from persons
A. Placing their right palms over their chests who are not qualified to practice the profession as provided
B. Salute for under existing laws, rules and regulations.
C. At ease B. A Criminologist shall respect colleagues by recognizing their
D. Pay attention to the flag expertise and contribution to the profession.
C. A Criminologist shall keep abreast with current trends and
3. Incommunicado and secret detention are ___ by law. development in the profession through CPD
(August 2025, LEC) D. A Criminologist shall, at all times, observe fairness in
A. Prohibited B. Restricted dealing with clients.
C. Penalized D. Condemned
10. The following are juridical person, EXCEPT. (August 2025,
4. These are sex workers who operate at truck stops and rest LEC)
areas. (July-August 2024, LEC) A. Partnership B. Association
A. Skeezers B. Lot Lizard C. Corporate D. Sole proprietorships
C. Factory Girl D. Hustler
I will never act _____ or permit personal feelings, prejudices,
5. Patrolman Carding promised the people that he would attend animosities, or friendships to influence my decisions. (Actual
the event to be held in their Barangay. He followed through with Board Question)
his promise since he believe that the PNP members’ word is A. Judiciously B. Officiously
their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it. (February C. Substantially D. Normally
2025, LEC)
A. Word of Honor B. Camaraderie 11. Process documents and papers expeditiously. All officials papers
C. Word of Wisdom D. Loyalty and documents must be processed and completed within a
reasonable time from the preparation thereof. Official next-in-
6. It is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members rank or officer in charge shall sign for and their behalf. How
upon meeting and recognizing persons entitled to it. many signatories? (Actual Board Question)
(July-August 2024, LEC) A. Not more than 2 signatories B. Not more than 3 signatories
A. Bow B. Shake Hands C. Not more than 5 signatories D. Not more than 10 signatories
C. Salute D. Smile
12. Public officials and employees and their families shall lead
7. In the PNP all members must have the moral courage to modest lives appropriate to their positions and income. They
sacrifice self-interest in keeping with time honored principle of shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display of wealth
_____. (July-August 2024, LEC) in any form. (July-August 2024, LEC)
A. Word of honor B. Maximum tolerance A. Professionalism B. Justness and sincerity
C. Delicadeza D. Camaraderie C. Simple living D. Commitment to democracy

8. A Criminologist shall not abet, tolerate or allow the illegal 13. Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal to
practice of criminology by an unregistered or unauthorized the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of
person. (August 2025, LEC) locally produced goods, resources and technology and
A. Demeanor towards Clients encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. (July-
B. Professionalism in the Practice August 2024, LEC)
C. Commitment to Life-Long Learning A. Responsiveness to public B. Commitment to public
D. Demeanor towards Professional Colleagues interest
C. Political neutrality D. Nationalism and patriotism
 A. Conflict of Values B. Violation of Social Norms
14. What is the main objective of RA 6713 “Code of Conduct and C. Ethical Dilemma D. Moral Courage
Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees”? (Actual
Board Question) 19. An undercover agent gains the confidence of members of a
A. Public officials and employees have an obligation to criminal organization after successfully infiltrating it. But one
accomplish and submit declarations under oath of, and the public of the suspects becomes a true friend of the cop. Tension in
has the right to know, their assets, liabilities, net worth and this setting is primarily caused by: (February 2025, LEC)
financial and business interests. A. Conflict of Values B. Violation of Social Norms
B. A public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at C. Ethical Dilemma D. Moral Distress
all times
C. It promote a high standard of ethics in public service. 20. In designing a program to train police officers in ethical
D. Public officials and employees shall always uphold the public decision-making. Which theory would most likely encourage
interest over and above personal interest. them to act based on universal principles and moral duties?
(Actual Board Question)
15. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. A. Utilitarianism B. Deontology
Sovereignty residesm in the _________ and all government C. Virtue Ethics D. Relativism
authority emanates from them
(1987, Phil Constitution). (Actual Board Question) 21. A law enforcement officer sees a colleague use excessive
A. Government B. People force on a suspect. He is fully aware that it is a violation of the
C. State D. Society department's use of force policy. What concept would MOST
likely cause internal conflict to him? (July-August 2024, LEC)
16. Police Captain Sairin believes that cutting trees during Holy A. Deontological Ethics B. Teleological Ethics
Week is prohibited. The statement is an example of ______. C. Normative Ethics D. Metaethics
(July-August 2024, LEC) The police officer had the chance to get the big amount of
A. Mores B. Law money, but he did not take it. What is shown in the situation?
C. Taboo D. Ordinance (July-August 2024, LEC)
A. Ethics B. Moral
17. Socrates held that virtue is a form of knowledge and that the C. Immoral D. Values
cultivation of virtue is the most important human obligation.
Which ethical tenets was developed by Socrates? (Actual Board 22. Which concept refers to the study or understanding of what is
Question) right and wrong? (Actual Board Question)
A. No man is deliberately corrupt and all evil activities come from A. Ethics B. Values
ignorance C. Morality D. Etiquette
B. Spiritual and sensual enjoyment are associated with greatest
freedom from displeasure and pain
C. Joy and cheerfulness as the highest good JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
D. Justice, temperance and fortitude very well constitute the
harmony of human activities. 1. Police Blotter for cases involving Women and Children,
particularly those handled by the Women and Children
18. An undercover police officer is asked by the crime Protection Desk (WCPD).
syndicate's leader to commit a minor crime. This however, is (August 2025, LEC)
merely to check his loyalty has much as the act goes against his A. Blue Blotter B. Pink Blotter
moral as well as legal principles, the officer knows too well that C. White Blotter D. Violet Blotter
not doing so might compromise his cover and the entire
undercover operation. Which concept is BEST illustrated by this 2. If the social worker is absent, who will investigate the child?
scenario? (February 2025, LEC) (August 2025, LEC)
A. Licensed DSWD and NGO B. Patrolwoman WCPD B. Allow the child to work full-time as long as they are paid fairly.
C. Barangay Captain D. School Principal C. Require the child to work weekends and holidays to support
the family business.
3. Who will determine the discernment of the child? C. Let the child work without restrictions since it’s a family
(Actual Board Question) enterprise.
A. Social worker B. Investigator D. Ensure that the nature of work does not affect the child’s
C. Rudy Baldwin D. Court studies and health.

4. Before an intervention, what should the social worker do first? 9. According to Republic Act No. 7610, what should ordinary
(August 2025, LEC) individuals do when they detect signs of child abuse? (August
A. Case Study B. Case Assessment 2025, LEC)
C. Intake Interview D. Client Orientation A. Confront the suspected abuser directly.
B. Wait for confirmation from school officials before acting.
5. Refers to a series of activities which are designed to address C. Report abuse to the appropriate authorities.
issues that caused the child to commit an offense. It may take D. Ignore the signs unless the child asks for help.
the form of an individualized treatment program which may
include counseling, skills training, education, and other activities 10. According to Presidential Decree No. 603, what is the most
that will enhance his/her psychological, emotional and appropriate action when a child appears malnourished and
psychosocial wellbeing. (February 2025, LEC) the parents are frequently away at work? (February 2025, LEC)
A. Diversion B. Intervention A. Wait for the parents to return and explain the situation.
C. Diversion Program D. Restorative Justice B. Report to child welfare services for possibilities of neglect.
C. Assume the child is simply a picky eater.
6. Which of the following is NOT a mandatory requirement while D. Provide food occasionally without informing authorities.
conducting initial contact? (February 2024, LEC)
A. The apprehending officer shall wear prescribed uniform. 11. Who is prone to commit gambling? (February 2025, LEC)
B. The apprehending officer shall identify himself/herself to the A. Low-income earners B. Law enforcer
child and shall introduce herself/himself as kuya or ate to the C. Professional D. Youth
child and show his/her proper identification card as a police
officer. 12. Which of the following is NOT a right of a child? (February
C. If the apprehending officer is wearing a vest or jacket while in 2024, LEC)
uniform, she/he shall show her/his nameplate and/or badge to A. Right to have family B. Right to self recreation
the child. C. Right to education D. Right to suffrage
D. If the apprehending officer is in civilian clothes, he/she shall
show his/her identification card. 13. Parents and guardians are responsible for the damage
caused by the child under their parental authority in accordance
7. Pat. Karding confronted child in conflict with the law committed with the Civil Code called ____. (February 2024, LEC)
an offense. What appropriate action should be taken by Pat. A. Torts B. Offense
Karding? (July-August 2024, LEC) C. Felony D. Torta
A. Best interest of the child B. Prepare to file a case
C. Take a shot to the child D. Ignore what he did 14. What is the MOST predictor of juvenile delinquency?
(August 2025, LEC)
8. What is the best course of action when a family-owned A. Verbal Aggression B. Anger Management
business employs a minor working after school hours, as C. Peer Pressure D. Physical Aggression
provided by Republic Act No. 7658? (August 2025, LEC)
A. Let the child work without restrictions since it’s a family 15. How does the desire for peer approval contribute to
enterprise. engagement in
gangs? (February 2025, LEC) 21. What is the effect of family dysfunction on a juvenile?
A. When there are friends in the gang. (August 2025, LEC)
B. Encourages adolescents to form study groups focused on A. Enhances academic motivation and school performance.
academics. B. Strengthens peer relationships and social skills.
C. It leads youths to seek mentorship through structured sports C. Promotes greater emotional stability and independence.
teams. D. Increases risk of juvenile delinquency due to poor
D. It fosters involvement in supervised community service communication.
projects.
22. What is the effect of weak parental attachment to a child?
16. What is the loosening control that makes a delinquent act? (August 2025, LEC)
(February 2024, LEC) A. Strengthens academic motivation and pro-social behavior.
A. Boredom B. Malice B. Improves emotional security and peer relationships.
C. Intermittent D. Independent C. Often linked to an increase in juvenile delinquency.
D. Encourages respect for authority and conflict-resolution skills.
17. What is the effect of gendered socialization on juvenile
delinquency? (February 2025, LEC) 23. In 2019, UN-ECOSOC, the guidelines for the Prevention of
A. Encourages risk-taking and aggressive behavior. Juvenile Delinquency. (Actual Board Question)
B. Fosters empathy and cooperative conflict resolution. A. Tokyo Rules B. Beijing Rules
C. Enhances self-control and adherence to social norms. C. Riyadh Guidelines D. Havana Guidelines
D. Increases academic motivation and respect for authority.
24. Who shall have special parental authority and responsibility
18. According to Republic Act No. 7610, what should teachers over the minor child while under their supervision, instruction or
do when students exhibit unusual fear toward adults and custody? (February 2024, LEC)
provide unclear explanations for their injuries? (August 2025, A. Parents B. Guardian
LEC) C. Teachers and Administrators D. Neighborhood
A. Report to the designated child protection authority.
B. Wait for the child to voluntarily disclose the full story. 25. It is the concept that originated the doctrine of
C. Ask classmates to monitor the child’s behavior discreetly. Parens Patriae. (Actual Board Question)
D. Assume the injuries are accidental unless proven otherwise. A. English Chancery Court B. Juvenile Justice System
C. International Justice Court D. Guardian Ad Litem
19. What effect does school disengagement have on juvenile
delinquency? (August 2025, LEC) 26. The legal doctrine Parens Patriae means _____.
A. Aligning juveniles with delinquent peer groups. (Actual Board Question)
B. Enhancing academic self‐efficacy and motivation. A. Guardian of the Country B. Father of the Country
C. Strengthening bonds with pro‐social adults. C. Guardian of the Galaxy D. Protector of the Child
D. Encouraging participation in structured extracurricular
activities. 27. Maro has 3 consecutive absences. What should the teacher
best action to the student? (February 2025, LEC)
20. What is the effect of negative school climate in juvenile A. Give failed remarks to the student since there are absences
delinquency? (February 2025, LEC) happened.
A. It fosters alienation and defiance, which in turn lead to B. Ignore the student's absences.
delinquent behaviors. C. Summon the parent to find out the reason for the student's
B. Increased academic motivation and school attachment. absences.
C. Stronger peer mentoring and leadership development. D. Suspend the student for a period of time.
D. Improved respect for institutional authority.
28. Makoy, a 16-years-old, is found guilty of truancy for
repeatedly skipping school. As a result, she is placed under the
supervision of guidance counselor and required to attend
counseling sessions to address the underlying issues
contributing to her behavior. Makoy committed: (February 2024,
LEC)
A. Felony B. Crime
C. Status Offense D. Deviance

29. 13 years old having a drinking spree of alcoholic beverages.

It is considered as _____. (Actual Board Question)
A. Juvenile Offense
B. Minor Offense
C. Status Offense
D. Child Offense

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

A plane has crashed into the water. What would you do as a

rescuer, EXCEPT: (August 2025, LEC)
A. Seal and cordon off the area
B. Secure the passengers' belongings
C. Call friendly forces
D. Conduct a press conference

There's a bomb threat in a school, the principal should act

with the highest priority on the safety of students and staff.
After the evacuation, what is the best thing to do? (February
2025, LEC)
A. Call the parents to update them on the situation so they
can pick up their children.
B. Direct the students and staff to find a safe place away from may occur within a short period of time. Which is its equivalent
the building. critical incident alert level? (Actual Board Question)
C. Search for the bomb. A. Level 1 (Low) B. Level 4 (Extreme)
D. Diffuse the bomb. C. Level 2 (Moderate) D. Level 3 (High)

If no spokesperson has been designated during an incident, Preparation for effective response, EXCEPT:
who is authorized to speak to the media? (August 2025, LEC) (Actual Board Question)
A. Local Chief Executive B. Incident Commander A. Plan B. Organize
C. Support Unit D. Secondary Negotiator C. Train D. Reassign

Hostage Negotiation Team is composed of. Except. This is an attempt to remove uncertainty from the future.
(July-August 2024, LEC) (Actual Board Question)
A. Team Leader B. Incident Spokesperson A. Predict B. Prevent
C. Secondary Negotiator D. Intelligence C. Prepare D. Perform
Liaison/Recorder
In crisis management, which of the following is NOT the
The hostage-taker’s mobility to the smallest location in the reason to change the plan if the crisis/hazard happened?
building (Actual Board Question)
or exterior area and deny him the opportunity to observe the A. Change the chief of police when crisis occurred
presence of police and their activities. (Actual Board Question) B. Change the plan only if the original plan is not effective
A. Isolate B. Contain C. Change the original plan if it does not relevant to the
C. Evaluate D. Report present situation
D. Always change the plan according to places of operations
There was a hostage-taking incident and the Philippine National
Police responded to address the situation. In man-made What is a PNP Critical Incident? (August 2025, LEC)
incidents like this, which operational procedure must guide the A. Natural B. Human-induced
actions of the police personnel? (Actual Board Question) C. Both human and natural D. Calamity
A. Incident Command System
B. PNP Manual on Anti-Illegal Drugs Operation and Investigation Which is an incident or event whether human-induced or
C. Critical Incident Management natural disaster that requires the implementation of special
D. Police Operational Procedures tasks by one or more government agencies?
(Actual Board Question)
The PNP predicted an incoming typhoon and warned the A. Disaster incident
community to evacuate. What level of response is indicated? B. Critical mass rally
(August 2025, LEC) C. Critical incident
A. Prevention and Mitigation B. Preparedness D. Crisis management
C. Response D. Rehabilitation and Recovery
The main essence of restorative justice is what?
What will you do if there is an earthquake? (July-August 2024, (Actual Board Question)
LEC) A. Restore tranquil of the state
A. Stop, look, and listen B. Duck, cover, and shout B. Restore social cohesion
C. Duck, cover, and hold D. Duck, hug, and kiss C. Restore broken relationship
D. Restore heartbreaks
The PNP Directorate for Operations has issued an alert bulletin
that there is a strong possibility that a man-made critical Incident What is the doctrine that requires a process of resolving
conflicts with the maximum involvement of the victim, the
offender and the community? (Actual Board Question) C. Litigation\ D. Arbitration
A. Restorative Justice
B. Community Service In arbitration, which of the following is not true?
C. Retributive Justice (Actual Board Question)
D. Justice A. Public B. Mandatory
C. Binding D. Voluntary
It is the body of men created to settle dispute within
barangay level. (Actual Board Question) What term refers to a sole arbitrator or a panel, board, or
A. Barangay Tanod committee of arbitrators? (August 2025, LEC)
B. Pangkat Tagapagsindi A. Arbitral Tribunal B. Arbitration Agreement
C. Pangkat Tagapagkasundo C. Mediation Panel D. Judicial Court
D. Lupong Tagapamayapa
Which of the following constitutes Alternative Dispute Resolution.
The Office for Alternative Dispute Resolution has EXCEPT? (July-August 2024, LEC)
representatives, A. Mediation B. Arbitration
which is NOT included? (July-August 2024, LEC) C. Conciliation D. Court Trial
A. Member of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines
B. Secretary of DOJ
C. Mediation Profession
D. Arbitration Profession

How many members of the Advisory Council of Office for

Alternative Dispute Resolution? (July-August 2024, LEC)
A. 4 B. 5
C. 10 D. 3

Means any mediation process conducted under the

auspices of the court, after such court has acquired
jurisdiction of the dispute. (Actual Board Question)
A. Mediation B. Court-Annexed Mediation
C. Court-Referred Mediation D. Arbitration
RESEARCH 1&2
Which ADR method where senior executives from each side
Which of the following is NOT included in the context of
argue the case to a panel. (August 2025, LEC)
Confidentiality? (August 2025, LEC)
A. Mini-Trial B. Arbitration
A. Store in the office computer.
C. Mediation D. Early Neutral Evaluation
B. Do not discuss with the public.
C. Secure information.
This is the act, process, or practice of settling a dispute in a
D. Delete private information to observe confidentiality.
court of law. (Actual Board Question)
A. Litigation B. Mediation
A situation in which all potential participants receive and
C. Alternative Dispute Resolution D. Arbitration
understand all the information they need to decide whether
they want to participate. This includes information about the
Which of the following processes is being conducted if the
study’s benefits, risks, funding, and institutional approval.
parties are in total control over their final settlement?
(February 2025, LEC)
(Actual Board Question)
A. Voluntary participation B. Informed Consent
A. Mediation B. Conciliation
C. Potential for Harm D. Results Communication
 D. Default margin of one (1) inch all sides of documents
The research participants may opt to at any time withdraw their
participation in the study or any part of the process of it despite Which of the following exemplifies APA Format? (Actual Board
they agree to volunteer earlier, if they find that some aspect of Question)
the process necessitates their withdrawal. (February 2025, LEC) A. Triple Spacing
A. Voluntary participation B. Informed Consent B. Page margins are 2 inches of all sides
C. Potential for Harm D. Results Communication C. Indent the first line of every paragraph 2.5 inches
D. Page number appears within the top right corner
In APA format text citation when there are 3 or more authors
used only the last name of first author followed by? (Actual This format of thesis writing is most commonly used to cite
Board Question) sources. (Actual Board Question)
A. i.e. B. et al. A. Harvard
C. etc. D. ibid B. Modern Language Association (MLA)
C. American Psychological Association (APA)
Author/s in parenthetical in-text citation should be done in D. NOTA
the following manner. (Actual Board Question)
A. On the first part of the sentence within a parenthesis What is the Grand Mean of 4.6, 4.20, 4.20, 3.9, 3.0?
B. On the middle part of the sentence within a parenthesis (August 2025, LEC)
C. On the last part of the sentence without a parenthesis A. 3.98 B. 3.9
D. On the last part of the sentence within a parenthesis C. 4 D. 5.5

What should be used to connect the two authors on Which of the following is the mode of 665579855?
narrative citation? (February 2024, CLE) (July-August 2024, LEC)
A. And B. & A. 6 B. 5
C. Ampersand symbol D. et al. C. 7 D. 9
Select the statistical methodology where the researcher
What is the best to be used to show the progress of crime rate? calculates the mean, median, and mode. (Actual Board
(February 2025, LEC) Question)
A. Pie Chart B. Line Graph A. Survey B. Descriptive Statistics
C. Bar Graph D. KTV Bar C. Inferential Statistics D. Arithmetic

Which of the following is correct when writing the title of Researchers may use any relevant material in the conduct
the table in APA format? (Actual Board Question) of the study. Which refers to the type of data that is collected
A. Left Alignment and Italicize by researchers directly from main sources through any of the
B. Middle Alignment and Italicize methods of data collection? (Actual Board Question)
C. Right Alignment and Italicize A. Secondary B. Primary
D. Left Alignment and Bold C. Historical D. Statistical

The American Psychological Association (APA) format is the These are information that has been collected, observed,
style of documentation of sources used by the American generated, or created to validate the research. (Actual Board
Psychological Association. Which of the following is NOT an Question)
American Psychological Association format? (July-August 2024, A. Variables B. Data
LEC) C. Information D. Attributes
A. Double Spacing
B. A page number in the upper right-hand corner of every page If validity refers to the capacity of the research method to
C. Legal size document measure what it tends to measure reliability refers to ______.
(July-August 2024, LEC) C. Ethnographic research D. Causal comparative
A. The test can be repeated and would still yield same result.
B. Degree to which the research instrument can be satisfactorily A police officer found a girl who had been isolated, trapped, or
used. confined in a room for a long period. The officer wants to know if
C. There is no consistency of responses. the child is still capable of learning or being taught to speak or
D. Extent to which the instrument is not dependable. use language. What research method is the most appropriate to
use in this situation? (February 2025, LEC)
Data collection is a process of collecting information from A. Case study B. Phenomenological
all relevant sources to find answers to the research problem, C. Descriptive D. Historical
test the hypothesis, and analyze the results. Which is NOT a
tool in data collection for research? (Actual Board Question) A person was considered to be a serial killer for having been
A. Interview B. Social media proved beyond reasonable doubt of killing 9 persons. He came
C. Focus group discussions D. Questionnaires from a respected family and was well-educated. A criminologist
would like to conduct a study to determine the reason behind the
Dr. Jacinto has conducted a study on the “The Effectiveness of killings committed by the convict. To achieve this objective,
AMICI Intensive Review with Materials in Passing the which is the most appropriate research method to use? (Actual
Criminologist Licensure Exam.” Which phrase is the dependent Board Question)
variable? A. Phenomenology B. Ethnography
A. The AMICI Intensive Review with Materials C. Biography D. Case study
B. Passing the Criminologist Licensure Exam
C. Criminologist Licensure Exam It is the “blueprint” of the study. It guides the collection,
D. Effective Criminologist Licensure Examination measurement and analysis of data. (Actual Board Question)
A. Research outline B. Research framework
It is the assumed effect of another variable. It is the change C. Research chart D. Research design
that occurs in the study population when one or more factors
are changed or when an intervention is introduced. A good hypothesis has the ability to anticipate the future. Which
(Actual Board Question) is NOT a criterion for good hypotheses? (February 2025, LEC)
A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable A. Hypotheses are the basis for the formulation of conceptual
C. Antecedent variable D. Intervening variable paradigm
A police officer wants to conduct an investigation regarding B. Hypotheses have clear implications for testing the
the crime of malicious mischief that occurred. What research relationships between variables
method should be used? (July-August 2024, LEC) C. Hypotheses contain two or more variables that are
A. Descriptive B. Experimental measurable
C. Applied D. Basic D. Hypotheses are statement about relationships between
variables
Research may be conducted to test or conduct experiments
for educational, scientific, medical, experimental purposes. A negative statement which indicates the absence of a
Which classification of research takes place in an environment relationship between two variables. (February 2025, LEC)
designed by the researchers? (Actual Board Question) A. Alternative B. Null
A. Case B. Descriptive C. Research D. Hypothesis
C. Laboratory D. Field
Atty. Ferraro used a compilation of all research findings to
What research that delves into the lived experiences of explain the connected concepts developed from one or more
individuals, aiming to understand how people perceive and theories of various authors. He used this structure to support
make sense of the world around them? (August 2025, LEC) his research and theories. What is this framework?
A. Phenomenological research B. Longitudinal Research A. Conceptual Framework B. Theoretical Framework
C. Strategic Framework D. Structural Framework Why is an experimental study not considered a correlational
study? (February 2025, LEC)
Joshua Garcia Lobo conducting a study of physical activity of A. Because it only observes variables without measuring them.
group of policemen from 40 and 50. What is the design/study B. Because it does not involve any variables at all.
Joshua Garcia Lobo will utilize? (August 2025, LEC) C. Because it manipulates variables to determine cause and
A. Cohort Study B. Meta Analysis effect.
C. Systematic Study D. Randomized Control Test D. Because it focuses on natural relationships without
intervention
This research has no time dimension, reliance on existing
differences rather than change following intervention; and What type of research that answers how and why? (July-August
groups are selected based on existing differences rather than 2024, LEC)
random allocation. What research is this? A. Descriptive B. Historical
(February 2025, LEC) C. Applied D. Basic
A. Philosophical design B. Experimental design
C. Cross-sectional design D. Historical design What deals with collecting data and testing hypotheses or
answering questions concerning the current status of the
Researcher can gather quantitative data that are accessible subject of study? (Actual Board Question)
from previous study by conducting a meta analysis study. A. Basic B. Historical
What is the disadvantage of using this design? C. Descriptive D. Evaluative
(February 2025, LEC)
A. It gives detailed data. It means to investigate thoroughly, basically a systematic
B. Not involve spending money collection of data for the purpose of explaining, describing or
C. It is comprehensive. making predictions. (February 2024, LEC)
D. It does not produce new information. A. Criminological Research B. Research
C. Data D. Data gathering
What kind of research approach where a researcher collects and
analyze both numerical and descriptive data within the same
study? (February 2025, LEC)
A. Correlational Research
B. Phenomenological Research
C. Mixed Method
D. Action Research

Which of the following is a qualitative research?

(Actual Board Question)
A. How and why B. What and where
C. When and where D. Who

Identify the classification of research which aims at finding

a practical solution for an immediate problem of society while
making optimal use of available resources? (February 2024,
LEC)
A. Historical B. Basic
C. Evaluative D. Applied