GP Report
EMPLOYMENT WHY
WORK
"If opportunity doesn't knock, build a
door" - Milton Berle
"The future depends on what you do
today" - Mahatma Gandhi
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND
EMPLOYMENT?
There are many types of unemployment, including
frictional, structural, cyclical, seasonal, voluntary,
technological, natural, underemployment, and classical.
There are many types of employment, including full-
time, part-time, contract, and casual employment.
Age group
14+ for employed people
14- for unemployed people
How is India’s Employment?
INDIA’S EMPLOYMENT: India’s young workforce is an
advantage, but job creation is crucial. Agriculture
employs the most but contributes least to GDP. Many
workers shift to low-paying informal jobs, with migrants
traveling for better wages. Efforts to formalize jobs
include GST and financial digitization, with government
jobs prized for stability. Numbers in India suggest a
phenomenon contrary to what the “jobless growth”
thesis suggests. During 2016-17 and 2022-23, data
shows that employment has gone up by almost 36
percent or 170 million in absolute numbers, while GDP
has shown a healthy average growth rate of over 6.5
percent during the same time. Employment Rate in
India averaged 44.80 percent from 2012 until
2024, reaching an all-time high of 50.80 percent
in the fourth quarter of 2012 and a record low of
36.40 percent in the second quarter of 2020.
source: Ministry of Statistics and Programme
Implementation (MOSPI).
HOW IS ARGENTINA’S EMPLOYMENT?
ARGENTINA’S EMPLOYMENT: With one of the
highest informality rates in Latin America, Argentina’s
labour market keywords often are inflexibility, inequity,
and inefficiency. Around 22.7 percent of total
employment is considered vulnerable due to significant
economic risks such as falling below the poverty line
and the impossibility of getting social protection or
formal work arrangements. In 2022, another 16.4
percent of workers already had an average income
below sufficient wages to live without any dimensions
of vulnerability. The problems were exacerbated due to
the COVID-19 pandemic and inflationary crisis the
country still faces, where the share of the population
considered economically active was reduced and the
restrictions augmented the difficulties of getting
sufficient means of survival. Anyone considering
company incorporation in Argentina, or who is
otherwise planning to do business in Latin America’s
third-largest economy, will need to guarantee they are
in full compliance with employment law in Argentina in
order to maximize their chances of success.
Employment law in Argentina is overseen by the
Ministry of Labor, Employment, and Social Security, and
while there are many similarities between Argentinian
employ
regulations and those found in other countries, there
are also some unique aspects that you should be aware
of.
How is AFGHANISTAN’S EMPLOYMENT
AFGHANISTAN’S EMPLOYMENT: Employment in
Afghanistan has declined significantly, with job losses
reaching 900,000 by mid-2022. Unemployment rose
from 11.93% in 2021 to 14.39% in 2023. Women face
severe workforce restrictions, but job opportunities
exist in government and private sectors through
platforms like Afghan Job Finder and Careerjet.
Afghanistan has high fertility and infant mortality rates,
with low life expectancy under 64 years. It ranked
169th on the Human Development Index in 2016. GDP
per capita has declined but was expected to recover
from 2018, though it remains among the world's lowest.
Unemployment is around 9%, and inflation is stabilizing
after past deflation.
The country faces a major trade deficit, relying heavily
on Pakistan for trade. Foreign troops, mainly from the
U.S., have been withdrawing since their 2001
deployment to combat the Taliban. However, economic
recovery from years of war remains slow.
Summary
In conclusion
Employment in India: Although the country has a
sizable and youthful labour force, employment creation
is crucial. Agriculture, although makes up a little portion
of the GDP, employs the majority of people. In search of
higher salaries, many people move to low-paying,
informal jobs. Financial digitisation and GST are two
initiatives to formalise employment. Because they are
stable, government employment is highly prized. While
the GDP grew at a rate of more than 6.5% between
2016–17 and 2022–23, employment increased by 36%,
adding 170 million new jobs.
Employment in Argentina: The country's labour market
is highly informal and plagued by problems such as
inefficiency, unfairness, and lack of flexibility. Due to a
lack of formal employment or social protection, about
22.7% of workers are at risk of poverty. 16.4% of people
in 2022 made less money than they needed to survive.
Inflation and the COVID-19 outbreak made matters
worse. Compliance with labour laws is critical for
businesses in Argentina, overseen by the Ministry of
Labor, Employment, and Social Security.
Afghanistan’s Employment: Afghanistan saw a
significant decline in employment, with job losses
reaching 900,000 by mid-2022. Unemployment rose
from 11.93% in 2021 to 14.39% in 2023. Women face
severe workforce restrictions. Despite this, job
opportunities exist in both government and private
sectors. The country struggles with high fertility, infant
mortality, and low life expectancy. Its GDP per capita
has declined but is expected to recover slowly.
Afghanistan faces a trade deficit and economic
challenges after years of war, with foreign troops
withdrawing.
GLOSSARY: GDP=gross domestic product
References
[Link]
afghanistan/#editorsPicks
[Link]
employment-in-india/#topicOverview
[Link]
argentina/
[Link]
the-myth-of-jobless-growth-insights-from-data-
theory-and-logic
ALLOTING MARKS ‘/. TOTAL
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By Mohit & Koushik
Also by :Ashwin,Vihaan,Vivaan,Saaharsh,Hrutesh