APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY

(A State Government University)

B. Tech, 2024
Minor Degree in
Biomedical Instrumentation

Offered By: Electronics & Biomedical Engineering Programme

Page | 1
 CURRICULUM

Minor (BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION)

Total Marks
Semester

Credit
Sl. No:

Course Course Hrs./

Title (Course Structure SS Cre Week
Code dits
Name) L T P CIA ESE
3 1 0 5
1 3 MNEBT309 Basic Anatomy 40 60 4 4/5
& Physiology
for Engineers
Biosignal 3 1 0 5
Acquisition
2 4 40 60 4 4/5
MNEBT409 Systems
3 5 MNEBT509 Principles of 3 1 0 5 40 60 4 4
Biomedical
Imaging
4 6 MNEBT609 Therapeutic 3 0 0 4.5 40 60 3 3
Devices
20/ 15/
Total 21 17 15
rd th
*Students must register for theory courses listed in the 3 and 4 semesters of the Minor
curriculum. #Students who fail a theory course listed in the Minor curriculum are
permitted to register for an alternate MOOC course specified in the Minor curriculum.
&The courses offered in the third and fourth semesters can be structured as either
theory-based courses or a combination of theory and lab-based courses.

Page | 2
 SYLLABUS

SEMESTER 3

Page | 3
 SEMESTER 3

BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY FOR ENGINEERS

Course Code MNEBT309 CIE Marks 40

Teaching Hours/Week 3:1:0

ESE Marks 60
(L:T:P)

Credits 4 Exam Hours 2 Hrs. 30 Min.

Prerequisites (if any) Course Type Theory

Course Objectives:

1. Understand the basics of anatomy & physiology of various systems of human body
2. Prepare students to apply engineering principles for the design and development of
innovations in biomedical engineering.

SYLLABUS

Module Contact
Syllabus Description
No. Hours
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology: Definition & relationship of
structure & function. Functional organization of body – cells, tissues,
organs & systems. Cell: Basic structure, organelles & their functions –
1 types. Cell membrane – structure, transport across cell membranes - 11
Neurons – structure – types - Membrane Potential: Resting membrane
potential – Action Potential. Special senses – organs of vision, hearing
& equilibrium, taste and smell –structure & basic mechanisms.
Central nervous system: Overview, Cerebrum – Cerebral cortex
cerebellum, Brain Stem – basic structure & functions, Spinal cord –
nerves, spinal reflex Peripheral nervous system: Efferent & afferent
2 division. Autonomic nervous system - EEG – Generation, Brain 11
Rhythms, Event related potentials. Muscular System: Basic structure
& mechanism of contraction of skeletal, cardiac & smooth muscles.
EMG – origin, waveform abnormalities.
Cardiovascular System: Heart – Anatomy – electrical activity –
pacemaker – normal & ectopic – cardiac action potential– cardiac cycle.
3 ECG – origin, waveform–cardiac rhythm & rate – normal & abnormal, 11
Heart sounds & murmurs. Systemic & Pulmonary circulation -blood
pressure – systolic & diastolic – hyper & hypotension mean arterial

Page | 4
 pressure. Blood: Components – plasma – hematocrit – plasma proteins
– erythrocytes – blood typing – leukocytes – functions & types –
platelets – blood clotting.
Urinary System: Components & anatomy. Kidneys – functions,
anatomy & basic processes– nephron – types – components. Basic renal
processes – basics of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption &
4 secretion – Body fluids – fluid balance – acid-base balance. 11
Respiratory System: Components & anatomy. Respiratory mechanics
– respiratory cycle – inspiration & expiration mechanisms - lung
volumes & capacities – spirograms

Course Assessment Method

(CIE: 40 marks, ESE: 60 marks)

Continuous Internal Evaluation Marks (CIE):

Internal Internal
Assignment/
Attendance Examination-1 Examination- 2 Total
Microproject
(Written) (Written)

5 15 10 10 40

End Semester Examination Marks (ESE)

In Part A, all questions need to be answered and in Part B, each student can choose any one
full question out of two questions

Part A Part B Total

 2 Questions from each  Each question carries 9 marks.
module.  Two questions will be given from each module,
 Total of 8 Questions, each out of which 1 question should be answered.
60
carrying 3 marks  Each question can have a maximum of 3 sub
divisions.
(8x3 = 24marks) (4x9 = 36 marks)

Page | 5
 Course Outcomes (COs)

At the end of the course students should be able to:

Bloom’s
Course Outcome Knowledge
Level (KL)
CO1 Understand the basics of anatomy & physiology.
Understand the structure and functions of nervous & muscular
CO2
systems and generation of the biosignals.
Discuss the structure and functions of cardiovascular system and
CO3
generation of ECG.
Interpret the structure and functions of urinary & respiratory
CO4
systems.
Note: K1- Remember, K2- Understand, K3- Apply, K4- Analyse, K5- Evaluate, K6- Create

CO-PO Mapping Table:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 1 1 1 1
CO2 3 1 1 1 1
CO3 3 1 1 1 1
CO4 3 1 1 1 1

Text Books
Name of the Edition and
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher Year
Textbook of Medical Elsevier Health
1 Guyton & Hall 3rd, 2020
Physiology Science
Human Physiology: From
2 Lauralee Sherwood Brooks/Cole 9th, 2015
Cells to Systems

Reference Books
Name of the Edition
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher and Year
Human Anatomy & Elaine N. Marieb,
1 Pearson 11th, 2018
Physiology Katja Hoehn
Best & Taylor’s Wolters Kluwer 13th, 2011
O. P. Tandon, Y.
2 Physiological Basis of India
Tripathi
Medical Practice
Kim Barrett, Susan
Ganong's Review of Medical
3 Barman, Jason Yuan McGraw Hill / India 26th, 2019
Physiology
Heddwen Brooks

Page | 6
 Ross and Wilson Anatomy
W. Kathleen J. Wilson, Churchill
4 and Physiology in Health 9th, 2001
Anne Waugh Livingstone
and Illness

Video Links (NPTEL, SWAYAM…)

Module
Link ID
No.
1 [Link]
2 [Link]

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
THIRD SEMESTER B. TECH MINOR DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: MNEBT 309

Course Code: Basic Anatomy & Physiology for Engineers
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Differentiate between anatomy & physiology. CO1 (3)
2 Which are the structures related to the sense of hearing? CO1 (3)
3 What do you mean by parasympathetic nervous system? CO2 (3)
4 Differentiate between cardiac & skeletal muscles. CO2 (3)
5 What do you mean by hematocrit? CO3 (3)
6 Differentiate between heart sound and heart murmurs. CO3 (3)
7 What are the factors needed to maintain the body’s fluid balance? CO4 (3)
8 Draw the different parts of a nephron. CO4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Which are the different methods of assistive transport across cell CO1 (5)
membranes?
b) Discuss how equilibrium is maintained in the body. CO1 (4)
10 a) Which are the membrane potentials? How are they generated? CO1 (5)

Page | 7
 b) Draw the structure of a cell and its organelles. CO1 (4)
Module 2
11 a) Discuss the basic structure and functions of cerebral cortex. CO2 (5)
b) What are the different waves in an EEG signal? How are they significant? CO2 (4)
12 a) Illustrate the mechanism of contraction in skeletal muscle. CO2 (5)
b) What are spinal nerves? What are their functions? CO2 (5)
Module 3
13 a) With a neat diagram, explain an ECG waveform. What is the mechanism CO3 (5)
of its generation?
b) What are the different components of blood? CO3 (4)
14 a) With a neat diagram, explain a cardiac action potential. What is the CO3 (5)
mechanism of its generation?
b) Discuss the mechanism of blood clotting. CO3 (4)
Module 4
15 a) With a neat diagram, explain the anatomy of respiratory system. CO4 (5)
b) What do you mean by tubular reabsorption? What is its significance? CO4 (4)
16 a) With a neat diagram, explain the different lung volumes & capacities? CO4 (5)
b) What is glomerular filtration? What are the different factors affecting the CO4 (4)
filtration process?
*****

Page | 8
SEMESTER 4

Page | 9
 SEMESTER 4

BIOSIGNAL ACQUISTION SYSTEMS

Course Code MNEBT409 CIE Marks 40

Teaching Hours/Week
3:1:0 ESE Marks 60
(L:T:P)

Credits 4 Exam Hours 2 Hrs. 30 Min.

Prerequisites (if any) Course Type Theory

Course Objectives: This course introduces basic biomedical instrumentation system

including different sensors, electrodes and acquisition systems for biosignals.

SYLLABUS

Module Contact
Syllabus Description
No. Hours
Generalized medical instrumentation system, Transducers - Basic
principles, Types – Active & Passive, Primary & Secondary, Digital &
Analog, Noise – Types, Signal to noise ratio, Power spectrum, Artifacts
– Motion artifact. Static characteristics – Range, Accuracy, Precision,
Specificity, Sensitivity, Resolution, Reproducibility, Linearity,
1 11
Hysteresis. Dynamic characteristics – Linear & Nonlinear systems,
Frequency response, Time constant, Rise Time, Fall time, Settling time,
Calibration & Standardization, Electrodes for measurement of
biopotentials – Polarizable & non polarizable electrodes – Electrode-
Electrolyte-Skin interfaces, Skin contact impedance.
Temperature transducers – Thermoresistive – Thermistors, Strain
gauges, Bridge circuits – Thermoelectric - thermocouples, P N junction
diode, Chemical and Radiation thermometry. Displacement
2 11
Transducers – Resistive, Capacitive and Inductive - LVDT transducers,
Force transducers – force plates, Accelerometers – translational &
angular types, Goniometers.
Pressure Transducers – Direct - diaphragm based, Catheter tip and
implantable types, Indirect - Occlusive cuff, Korotkoff sounds,
3 11
Oscillometric & Doppler ultrasound methods, Piezoelectric -
Flowmeters – Laminar & turbulent flows - electromagnetic, ultrasonic

Page | 10
 and Doppler ultrasound flowmeters, indicator dilution methods –
Plethysmography – body, inductance, impedance types.

ECG – Generation, Electrodes for ECG, Electrode gel, Lead systems,

Signal conditioning – preamplifiers, filters, right leg drive circuit,
Amplifiers, Circuits to remove powerline interference & baseline
4 wandering. EEG – Generation, Electrodes for EEG, 10-20 electrode 11
system, block diagram of EEG measurement, Surface & Deep EEG,
Isolation methods – optical, transformer & capacitive. EMG. Electrodes
for measurement of EMG - block diagram of EMG machine.

Course Assessment Method

(CIE: 40 marks, ESE: 60 marks)

Continuous Internal Evaluation Marks (CIE):

Internal Internal
Assignment/
Attendance Examination-1 Examination- 2 Total
Microproject
(Written) (Written )

5 15 10 10 40

End Semester Examination Marks (ESE)

In Part A, all questions need to be answered and in Part B, each student can choose any one
full question out of two questions

Part A Part B Total

 2 Questions from each  Each question carries 9 marks.
module.  Two questions will be given from each module,
 Total of 8 Questions, each out of which 1 question should be answered.
60
carrying 3 marks  Each question can have a maximum of 3 sub
divisions.
(8x3 =24marks) (4x9 = 36 marks)

Page | 11
 Course Outcomes (COs)

At the end of the course students should be able to:

Bloom’s
Course Outcome Knowledge
Level (KL)
CO1 Understand the basics of a biomedical instrumentation system. K3
Interpret the working principle of temperature and displacement
CO2 K3
transducers.
Interpret the working principle of pressure and flow measurement
CO3 K3
transducers.
Relate the electrical activity of heart, brain and muscle to design
CO4 K3
the instruments for measurement of these biosignals.

Note: K1- Remember, K2- Understand, K3- Apply, K4- Analyse, K5- Evaluate, K6- Create

CO-PO Mapping Table:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 1 1 1
CO2 3 3 1 1 1
CO3 3 3 1 1 1
CO4 3 3 1 1 1

Text Books
Name of the Edition and
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher Year
Tatsuo Togawa,
Biomedical Sensors and
1 Toshiyo Tamura, P. CRC Press 2nd, 2011
Instruments
Ake Oberg
Medical Instrumentation: John G. Webster, Amit
2 Wiley 5th, 2020
Application and Design J. Nimunkar
Principles Of Applied L A Geddes & L E
3 Wiley 3rd , 2008
Biomedical Instrumentation Bekker

Page | 12
 Reference Books
Name of the Name of the Edition
Sl. No Title of the Book
Author/s Publisher and Year
Handbook of Biomedical
1 Instrumentation| R. S. Khandpur McGrawHill 3rd, 2014

Saunders, an
Text book of Medical
2 Guyton and Hall imprint of Elsevier 12th, 2011
Physiology
Inc
Bansi Dhar Malhotra,
Biosensors Fundamentals
3 Chandra Smithers Rapra 1st, 2017
and Applications
Mouleypandy
Video Links (NPTEL, SWAYAM…)
Module
Link ID
No.
[Link]
1
s0dTnwc4f63NzELM
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
4 [Link]
[Link]

MODEL QUESTION PAPER

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FORTH SEMESTER B. TECH MINOR DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND
YEAR
Course Code: MNEBT409
Course Name: Biosignal Acquisition Systems
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 What is signal to noise ratio? What is its significance? CO1 (3)
2 Differentiate between sensitivity & resolution. CO1 (3)
3 What are goniometers? How are they useful in biomedical CO2 (3)
measurements?
4 Illustrate the principle of a thermocouple. CO2 (3)
5 What are Korotkoff sounds? CO3 (3)
6 Differentiate between laminar and turbulent blood flow. CO3 (3)

Page | 13
7 What is the use of electrode gel in biomedical measurement? CO4 (3)
8 Differentiate between surface & deep EEG. CO4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) Discuss the classification of transducers. CO1 (5)
b) Differentiate between polarizable and non-polarizable electrodes. CO1 (4)
10 a) Discuss the dynamic characteristics of a measurement system. CO1 (5)
b) What are artefacts? How do they affect the signal measurement? CO1 (4)
Module 2
11 a) With examples, discuss the principles of temperature measurement using CO2 (5)
thermoresistive transducers?
b) What are force plates? How are they useful in biomedical measurements? CO2 (4)
12 a) Illustrate the use of an LVDT in biomedical measurement. CO2 (5)
b) Discuss the principles of accelerometers. CO2 (4)
Module 3
13 a) Illustrate the principle of operation of electromagnetic flowmeters. CO3 (5)
b) How does the oscillometric method of pressure measurement work? CO3 (4)
14 a) What is plethysmography? What are the different types in biomedical CO3 (5)
measurements?
b) What are catheter tip pressure transducers? What are their applications? CO3 (4)
Module 4
15 a) Discuss the different lead systems in ECG measurement CO4 (5)
b) Draw the block diagram of EMG machine. CO4 (4)
16 a) What are the different patient isolation methods? CO4 (5)
b) With a neat diagram explain the 10-20 electrode placement in EEG CO4 (4)
measurement.
*****

Page | 14
SEMESTER 5

Page | 15
 SEMESTER 5

PRINCIPLES OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING

Course Code MNEBT509 CIE Marks 40

Teaching Hours/Week
3:1:0 ESE Marks 60
(L:T:P)

Credits 4 Exam Hours 2 Hrs. 30 Min.

Prerequisites (if any) Course Type Theory

Course Objectives: This course aims to introduce the students to the physical principles
underlying X-ray, Computed Tomography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Intraoperative
imaging techniques that are useful in diagnosis.

SYLLABUS

Module Contact
Syllabus Description
No. Hours
X-ray imaging – Production of X-rays-Coolidge tube- diagnostic X-ray-
line spectrum-Bremsstrahlung radiation - Principle of image formation-
interactions of X-rays with the body- photoelectric attenuation,
Compton scattering, attenuation coefficients - absorbed dose, X-ray
1 11
detectors- X-ray films- Instrumentation of radiographic equipment
(block diagram)- Digital radiography, Fluoroscopy and image
intensifier systems, Digital Subtraction Angiography, Digital
Mammography.
Computed Tomography - X-ray Computed Tomography (CT):
Principles of CT Imaging- Source–Detector Geometries-Generations of
scanners-CT scanner (block level description)- CT number- pencil
2 beam, fan beam projections- image reconstruction –clinical 11
applications-Radioactive nuclide imaging-Principle of image
formation-PET-SPECT scanner (block level description)- Gamma
Camera-Clinical applications of nuclear medicine imaging.
Ultrasound Imaging: Diagnostic Ultrasound –principle of image
formation- wave characteristics- intensity, velocity. Attenuation of
3 ultrasound -reflection, refraction, absorption, Ultrasound transducers: 11
Principle of production-constructional details of ultrasound transducer-
phased array system- modes of image display A-mode-B- Mode-M

Page | 16
 Mode- Doppler Effect-Principle of Doppler imaging-duplex scanners -
3D/4D ultrasound scanners- Typical clinical applications of Ultrasound
imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physics of nuclear magnetic resonance
– Free Induction Decay (FID) -principle of image formation-
instrumentation of MRI Scanner (block level) -
Magnet(superconducting) -RF coils-gradient coils (concept of
4 11
frequency encoding, space encoding) - pulse sequences - partial
saturation recovery-inversion recovery –spin echo- fast pulse
sequences- contrast mechanisms-Proton density-relaxation time T1 and
T2 – flow diffusion.

Course Assessment Method

(CIE: 40 marks, ESE: 60 marks)

Continuous Internal Evaluation Marks (CIE):

Internal Internal
Assignment/
Attendance Examination-1 Examination- 2 Total
Microproject
(Written) (Written )

5 15 10 10 40

End Semester Examination Marks (ESE)

In Part A, all questions need to be answered and in Part B, each student can choose any one
full question out of two questions

Part A Part B Total

 2 Questions from each  Each question carries 9 marks.
module.  Two questions will be given from each module,
 Total of 8 Questions, each out of which 1 question should be answered.
60
carrying 3 marks  Each question can have a maximum of 3 sub
divisions.
(8x3 =24marks) (4x9 = 36 marks)

Page | 17
 Course Outcomes (COs)

At the end of the course students should be able to:

Bloom’s
Course Outcome Knowledge
Level (KL)
Understand the basic concepts of x-ray imaging and digital
CO1 K3
radiographic methods
Interpret the physics of Computed tomography and Nuclear
CO2 K3
medicine imaging.
Understand the physical principles behind the formation of
CO3 K3
Ultrasound medical images.
CO4 Describe the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. K3

Note: K1- Remember, K2- Understand, K3- Apply, K4- Analyse, K5- Evaluate, K6- Create

CO-PO Mapping Table:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 1 1 1
CO2 3 3 1 1 1
CO3 3 3 1 1 1
CO4 3 3 1 1 1

Text Books
Name of the Edition and
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher Year
Essentials of Radiographic James Johnston, Terri
1 Mosby 3rd, 2019
Physics and Imaging L. Fauber
Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles, Clinical
2 Euclid Seeram Saunders 4th, 2015
Applications, and Quality
Control
Essentials of Nuclear Fred A. Mettler Jr. MD
3 Medicine Imaging MPH and Milton J. Elsevier 7th, 2018
Guiberteau
Diagnostic ultrasound
4 Szabo, Thomas L. Academic Press 2nd, 2013
imaging: inside out., 2004
How does MRI work? An
Dominik Weishaupt,
Introduction to the Physics
5 Victor D. Koechli, Springer 3rd, 2003
and Function of Magnetic
Borut Marincek
Resonance Imaging

Page | 18
 Reference Books
Name of the Edition
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher and Year
Peter R Hoskins, Kevin
Diagnostic Ultrasound Martin, Abigail
1 Taylor & Francis 3rd, 2019
Physics and Equipment Thrush

Webb's Physics of Medical CRC Press 2nd, 2016

2 M Flower
Imaging
Duccio Volterrani
Nuclear Medicine Text book, Paola Anna ErbaIgnasi
3 Methodology and Clinical Carrió H. William Springer 1st, 2019
Applications Strauss Giuliano
Mariani
Principles of Computerized Avinash C Kak,
4 SIAM 1st, 2001
Tomographic Imaging Malcolm Slaney
5 MRI Made Easy Govind B Chavhan Jaypee brothers 3rd, 2022

Video Links (NPTEL, SWAYAM…)

Module
Link ID
No.
1 [Link]
2 [Link]
3 [Link]
4 [Link]

Page | 19
 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
FIFTH SEMESTER B. TECH MINOR DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND YEAR

Course Code: MNEBT509

Course Name: Principles of Biomedical Imaging
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 Differentiate between continuous and line spectra. CO1 (3)
2 What are the factors that affect the x-ray quality & quantity? CO1 (3)
3 Differentiate between a conventional radiograph & CT image. CO2 (3)
4 What do you mean by CT number? What is its significance? CO2 (3)
5 How does the frequency of ultrasound determine the depth of CO3 (3)
penetration?
6 Differentiate between specular and non-specular reflection. CO3 (3)
7 What is free induction decay? CO4 (3)
8 Which are the contrast agents used in MRI? CO4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) With the help of a diagram explain the x-ray filament circuit. CO1 (5)
b) What are the different methods to control the scattered radiation and CO1 (4)
their effects in x-ray machine?
10 a) What is digital subtraction angiography? Explain with a neat diagram. CO1 (5)
b) What is an image intensifier? Explain its working with the help of a CO1 (4)
diagram.
Module 2
11 a) What are the features of the x-ray tube used for CT? CO2 (5)
b) Illustrate the steps involved in algebraic reconstruction technique used in CO2 (4)
CT imaging.
12 a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of operation of a Gamma CO2 (5)
camera.
b) Differentiate between PET & SPECT. CO2 (4)
Module 3
13 a) What is the principle of working of an M-mode ultrasound scanner? CO3 (5)

Page | 20
 b) Explain the principle of working of a phased array system of ultrasound CO3 (4)
transducers.
14 a) Explain the principle of working of Doppler ultrasound imaging. CO3 (5)
b) Differentiate between 2D, 3D and 4D ultrasound scanning. CO3 (4)
Module 4
15 a) Differentiate between frequency and phase encoding in MRI. How is it CO4 (5)
done?
b) What are the properties of the magnets used in MRI? CO4 (4)
16 a) Differentiate between longitudinal & transverse relaxation on MRI. CO4 (5)
b) Explain any two fast pulse sequences used in MRI. CO4 (4)
*****

Page | 21
SEMESTER 6

Page | 22
 SEMESTER 6

THERAPEUTIC DEVICES

Course Code MNEBT609 CIE Marks 40

Teaching Hours/Week
3:0:0 ESE Marks 60
(L:T:P)

Credits 3 Exam Hours 2 Hrs. 30 Min.

Prerequisites (if any) Course Type Theory

Course Objectives: This course describes the basic principles of different therapeutic
equipment used in clinical environments.

SYLLABUS

Module Contact
Syllabus Description
No. Hours
Natural Pacemaker Cells and nerve conduction: Effects of electric
field on cardiac muscles and laws of stimulation. Need for cardiac
pacemaker. External pacemakers – types - voltage pacemakers - current
pacemakers - current limited voltage pacemakers. Internal pacemakers
1 - basic requirement – types: fixed rate, demand pacemakers, R wave 9
triggered. Atrial triggered pacemakers. Programmable pacemakers -
Functional block diagram and description. Power sources - Mercury
battery, biological power sources, Nuclear battery & lithium cells. Heart
lung machines - Principle of operation -Functional block diagram.
Defibrillators - Need for a defibrillator- basic principle. Defibrillator
electrodes. DC defibrillator with synchronizer: Functional block
2 diagram. Implantable defibrillators – components - block diagram- 9
Power sources. RF ablation treatment for arrhythmia. Drug delivery
devices - Infusion pumps - Functional block diagram.
Ventilator Instrumentation - Basic Concept-Different Modules-
Power Supply, Gas Mixer, Pressure Generator, Breathing System, Gas
Humidifier, Expiratory Valve, Operating and Display Unit, Alarm
System, Patient Monitoring. Airflow systems: Continuous flow
3 systems, Demand and Combined Flow Systems Ventilation Procedures- 9
Controlled Ventilation-Supported Spontaneous Ventilation,
Spontaneous Breathing- Mixed Ventilation. Endoscopy – Principles,
types & applications. Block diagram of a fiber optic endoscope with
integral TV cameras

Page | 23
 Electrical stimulators, nerve and muscle stimulators - Stimulators
for pain and relief functional electrical stimulation- Ultrasonic
stimulators Surgical diathermy -Principles and applications,
4 9
Functional block diagram - monopolar & bipolar techniques
Lithotripsy – Basic principles, Extra corporeal Short-Wave Lithotripsy
(ESWL) & Ultrasonic lithotripters – applications

Course Assessment Method

(CIE: 40 marks, ESE: 60 marks)

Continuous Internal Evaluation Marks (CIE):

Internal Internal
Assignment/
Attendance Examination-1 Examination- 2 Total
Microproject
(Written) (Written )

5 15 10 10 40

End Semester Examination Marks (ESE)

In Part A, all questions need to be answered and in Part B, each student can choose any one
full question out of two questions

Part A Part B Total

 2 Questions from each  Each question carries 9 marks.
module.  Two questions will be given from each module,
 Total of 8 Questions, each out of which 1 question should be answered.
60
carrying 3 marks  Each question can have a maximum of 3 sub
divisions.
(8x3 =24marks) (4x9 = 36 marks)

Page | 24
 Course Outcomes (COs)

At the end of the course students should be able to:

Bloom’s
Course Outcome Knowledge
Level (KL)
Understand the principles and compare different types of cardiac
CO1 K3
pacemakers and the power sources used.
Understand the principles and compare different types of
CO2 K3
defibrillators and drug delivery devices used in medicine.
Understand the principles and operation of ventilators and
CO3 K3
endoscopes.
Understand the principles and operation of electrical stimulators,
CO4 K3
surgical diathermy, lithotripsy.

Note: K1- Remember, K2- Understand, K3- Apply, K4- Analyse, K5- Evaluate, K6- Create

CO-PO Mapping Table:

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1 3 2 1 1 1
CO2 3 3 1 1 1
CO3 3 3 1 1 1
CO4 3 3 1 1 1

Text Books
Name of the Edition and
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher Year
Biomedical Engineering
1 Joseph D Bronzino Taylor & Francis 4th, 2015
Fundamentals
Medical Ventilator System
2 Basics: A Clinical Guide Yuvan Lei Oxford 1st, 2017

Handbook of Biomedical
3 R S Khandpur McGrawwHill 3rd, 2024
Instrumentation
Encyclopedia of Medical
4 Devices and Instrumentation John G Webster Wiley Interscience 1st, 2006

Page | 25
 Reference Books
Name of the Edition
Sl. No Title of the Book Name of the Author/s
Publisher and Year
Springer Handbook of Rüdiger Kramme,
1 Springer 1st, 2011
Medical Technology Klaus-Peter Hoffmann
Introduction to Biomedical Pearson 4th, 2024
Joseph J. Carr, John M.
2 Equipment Technology
Brown
Principles of Applied
L A Geddes & L E
3 Biomedical Instrumentation Wiley 3rd, 2008
Bekker
Introduction to biomedical
Cambridge
4 instrumentation: The Christe, Barbara L. 2nd, 2017
University Press
technology of patient care.

Video Links (NPTEL, SWAYAM…)

Modu
Link ID
le No.
[Link]
1 &list=PLyUFBC_
UMpje19E8ekFLfog2qkE6ldiZT&index=1&t=93s
[Link]
2
UMpje19E8ekFLfog2qkE6ldiZT&index=2&t=10s
[Link]
3
UMpje19E8ekFLfog2qkE6ldiZT&index=3
[Link]
4
UMpje19E8ekFLfog2qkE6ldiZT&index=4

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 MODEL QUESTION PAPER
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
SIXTH SEMESTER B. TECH MINOR DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH AND
YEAR
Course Code: MNEBT609
Course Name: Therapeutic Devices
Max. Marks: 60 Duration: 2 hours 30 minutes

PART A
Answer all questions. Each question carries 3 marks CO Marks
1 What is a programmable pacemaker? When is it required? CO1 (3)
2 What ae heart lung machines? When are they used? CO1 (3)
3 What are the different types of electrodes used in defibrillators? CO2 (3)
4 What is an infusion pump? What are its applications? CO2 (3)
5 What is the importance of pressure volume graphs in ventilators? CO3 (3)
6 Explain PEEP mode in ventilators. CO3 (3)
7 Differentiate between monopolar and bipolar technique used in CO4 (3)
diathermy.
8 What is TENS? CO4 (3)
PART B
Answer any one full question from each module. Each question carries 9 marks
Module 1
9 a) What are the different power sources for cardiac pacemaker? CO1 (5)
b) Differentiate between R-wave triggered and atrial triggered CO1 (4)
pacemakers.
10 a) Explain the different types of gas exchange systems found in Heart CO1 (5)
lung machines.
b) What are current limited and voltage limited pacemakers? CO1 (4)

Module 2
11 a) Explain the working of DC defibrillators with synchronizer. CO2 (5)

b) What are the different kinds of power sources used in implantable CO2 (4)
defibrillators?
12 a) What are implantable defibrillators? What are their applications? CO2 (5)

b) Differentiate between emergency and synchronized modes of CO2 (4)

defibrillator.
Module 3

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13 a) Define i) Lung Compliance ii) Airway Resistance iii) Mean Airway CO3 (5)
Pressure.
b) With the help of a block diagram explain the principle of operation of CO3 (4)
endoscope.
14 a) Define the terms i) Inspiratory Expiratory Phase Time Ratio ii) CO3 (5)
Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV).
b) Which ventilator parameters are needed to be adjusted to maintain CO3 (4)
optimum minute ventilation? How is it calculated?
Module 4
15 a) With the help of a block diagram explain the concept of functional CO4 (5)
electrical stimulation.
b) What are the basic types of lithotripsy techniques? CO4 (4)

16 a) What is principle of surgical diathermy? What are the different modes? CO4 (5)

b) Explain the physiology of pain relief through electrical stimulators. CO4 (4)

*****

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