⭐ Vegetative Propagation
● Mention advantage of vegetative propagation
● Mention any four advantages of vegetative propagation
● Mention any two uses of vegetative propagation
1. Preserves Desirable Traits: Offspring are exact genetic copies
(clones) of the parent, ensuring desirable characteristics like large
fruits or specific flower colors are maintained.
2. Faster Growth & Fruiting: Plants often flower and bear fruit much
earlier than those grown from seeds, bypassing the slow seed
germination stage.
3. Propagation of Seedless Plants: It's the only way to multiply plants
that don't produce viable seeds, such as bananas, seedless grapes,
and sugarcane.
4. Rapid Multiplication: Allows for the quick production of many
identical plants from a single parent, ideal for large-scale farming.
5. Disease-Free Plants: Through methods like tissue culture
(micropropagation), disease-free plants can be mass-produced.
6. Ensures Uniformity: Guarantees that all new plants are uniform in
quality and characteristics, which is crucial for commercial
horticulture.
⭐ Development of egg → embryo → foetus (Human
reproduction)
● Explain the process of development of an egg into foetus in human female
reproductive part
● In women, how does a fertilized egg develop into an embryo in the uterus?
● How does a fertilized egg in a female develop into an embryo in the uterus?
● How does embryo get nutrition from the mother
● How does this embryo get nourishment in the mother’s womb?
⭐ Changes after fertilisation in flower
● What are the changes that occur in a flower after fertilization?
● b) What are the changes that occur in the flower after fertilization?
👉 Learn this point-wise. Repeats nonstop.
⭐ STDs
● What are STDs? Mention any 2 examples
● A common bacterial infection that spreads through sexual contact in
human beings is
⭐ Differences (VERY EXAM-LOVED)
● What are the differences between fragmentation and fission?
● Fragmentation vs regeneration
● How does the binary fission in amoeba differ from budding in hydra?
👉 Differences = free marks.
⭐ Male reproductive system (functions)
● What is the function of the vas deferens and prostate gland in the human
male reproductive system?
● What are the functions of prostate gland and testosterone hormone.
● Testes and prostate gland role
● Explain the important functions of
i) Testis and
ii) Seminal vesicle in male reproductive system in humans
● c) Write the function of testes in human male reproductive system.
⭐ Placenta
● Explain the structure and function of placenta.
● What is the role of the placenta at the development stage of the embryo in
the female uterus?
⭐ Sexual reproduction in plants
● Sequential stages that occur in sexual reproduction in flowering plants
● Draw the diagram showing the germination of pollen on stigma and label
the part ovary.
⭐ Asexual reproduction (types & organisms)
● What is asexual reproduction?
● How do daughter organisms produced in hydra, spirogyra and amoeba?
Explain briefly.
● Process of producing new progenies in rhizopus?
● c) Write two examples for the organisms that reproduce by binary fission.
⭐ Pollination
● Write any two differences between self and cross pollination.
⭐ Menstrual cycle
● How does the menstrual cycle occur? Explain.
⭐ Contraception
● List the three methods of contraception that are usually followed by human
beings.
● b) Is surgical contraception a better method of contraception than
physical contraception? Justify your answer.
⭐ Conceptual / HOTS
● Organisms that reproduce sexually are more likely to survive in their
environment. Because in sexual reproduction these organisms,
● How is the number of chromosomes reestablished in sexual reproduction?
Explain.
● b) Testes are located outside the abdominal cavity in males. Why?
⭐ Misc but IMPORTANT
● What happens if egg does not fertilize in human female reproductive
system? Explain briefly.
● Part of flower that develops into fruit and part of the seed that develops
into root respectively are
● a) How are the reproductive processes in hydra and planaria differ?
● c) How does a seed grows into future plant?