THE GAURDIAN COACHING CENTRE
IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS OF GEOMETRY
The points that lie on the same
Collinear line are said to be collinear
Points points. In the figure A, B and D
are collinear points.
The points that do not lie on the
Non-collinear same line are said to be non-
Points collinear points. In the figure C is
non collinear.
If A and B are any two points,
then the line segment 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ is the set
Line segment of points consisting of (i) points A
and B and (ii) all the points
between A and B.
If A and B are any two points,
then ray ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 is the union of (i) the
Ray
points A and B and (ii) all the
points beyond B on ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐴𝐵 .
An angle is the union of two non-
collinear point rays having a
common end point. The rays
Angle
constituting the angle are called
its arms and the common end
point is called vertex.
Two angles are said to be adjacent
if (i) they have a common vertex,
Adjacent angles (ii) they have one arm common
and (iii) intersection of their
interiors is null set.
If the sum of the measures of two
Complementary
angles is 90o, they are called
angles
complementary angles.
If the sum of the measures of two
Supplementary
angles is 180o, they are called
angles
Supplementary angles.
If two supplementary angles are
equal in measure, then each of
Right angle them is called right angle. Degree
of measure of each angle is 90o.
An angle with measure less than
Acute angle
90o is called an acute angle.
An angle with measure greater
Obtuse angle
than 90o is called an obtuse angle.
The angles whose arms form two
pairs of opposite rays are called
Vertical angles
vertical angles. ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵 and ∠𝐵𝑂𝐷
are vertical angles.
A triangle having no sides
Scalene
congruent is called scalene
Triangle
triangle.
A triangle having two sides
Isosceles
congruent is called an isosceles
triangle
triangle.
A triangle having all the three
Equilateral
sides congruent is called an
triangle
equilateral triangle.
A triangle having all the three
Acute Triangle angles acute is called an acute
triangle.
A triangle having one of its angles
Right Triangle
right is called right triangle.
Obtuse A triangle having one of its angles
Triangle obtuse is called obtuse triangle.
Two lines are said to be parallel if
(i) they are coplanar and (ii) they
Parallel Lines
do not intersect. Lines 𝑙 and 𝑚
⃗⃗ are
parallel.
A circle is the set of all the points
Circle which are equidistant from a
fixed point of the plane.
The fixed point on the plane from
Centre of the which all the points of circle are
circle equidistant is called centre of the
circle. Point O is the centre.
The line segment joining centre of
the circle to any point on the
Radius of the
circle is called radius of the circle
circle ̅̅̅̅ is the
or radial segment. 𝑂𝑃
radius.
The length of the curve joining all
Circumference
points of a circle is called
of a Circle
circumference of the circle.
The line segment whose end
points are any two points of the
Chord circle is called chord of a circle.
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 is the chord.
Any line intersecting the circle in
two distinct points is called a
Secant
secant. In the figure, 𝑙 is the
secant.
A chord which passes through the
Diameter of a centre of the circle is called a
circle ̅̅̅̅ is the
diameter. In the figure, 𝐺𝐵
diameter.
Any portion of a circle is called an
Arc of a Circle arc of the circle. In the figure, 𝐴𝐵
is an arc.
The portion of a circle intercepted
Semi-circle by a diameter is called a Semi-
circle.
An arc which is less than a semi-
Minor Arc
circle is called a minor arc.
An arc which is greater than a
Major Arc
semi-circle is called a major arc.
The line which intersects the
Tangent circle in only one point is called
tangent.
The portion of a circular region
Sector of a hounded by an arc and two radial
Circle segments of circle is called sector
of the circle.
A chord of a circle which divides
Segment of a the circular region in two parts.
Circle Each of these is called a segment
of the circle.