3.

i)Role of Nurse in Patients with Size, depth, colour, discharge, odour

Heat Stroke Identify risk using Braden Scale
Heat stroke is a life-threatening Monitor pain level and infection signs
emergency where body temperature 2. Relieving Pressure (Most Important
rises above 40°C (104°F) with CNS Role)
dysfunction (confusion, coma, seizures). Reposition patient every 2 hours
Immediate nursing care is crucial to Use pillows/foam pads to reduce
prevent organ damage and death. pressure
1. Rapid Assessment (Primary Survey) Keep heels off the bed
The nurse must quickly assess the Use air mattress / water bed
patient on arrival. Avoid dragging while moving patient
Check Airway, Breathing, Circulation (prevent friction)
(ABC) 3. Wound Care & Dressing
Measure core body temperature (rectal Clean wound using normal saline
temperature preferred) Maintain aseptic technique
Assess level of consciousness (GCS) Apply prescribed dressing:
Observe skin: hot, dry or sometimes Hydrocolloid / foam / gauze dressing
sweaty Remove dead tissue (as per order)
Monitor vital signs: Observe for infection:
Tachycardia Redness, pus, swelling, fever
Hypotension 4. Maintain Skin Hygiene
Rapid breathing Keep skin clean and dry
2. Immediate Cooling Measures (Priority Change wet clothes and bed linen
Nursing Action) immediately
Goal: Reduce temperature to 38–39°C Use moisturizers to prevent dryness
within 30 minutes Avoid massage over bony areas (can
Nursing interventions: damage tissues)
Remove patient’s clothing 5. Nutrition and Hydration
Shift to cool/air-conditioned room Healing needs good nutrition.
Start rapid cooling techniques Nursing role:
Cold water sponging Provide high protein diet
Ice packs on neck, axilla, groin Encourage foods rich in:
Cooling blanket if available Vitamin C (fruits)
Fan + mist spraying (evaporative Zinc (eggs, pulses)
cooling) Iron
Avoid over-cooling (prevent Encourage adequate fluid intake
hypothermia) [Link])Role of Nurse in Care of Patient
3. Maintain Airway and Oxygenation with Dog Bite
Position patient in recovery position Dog bite is a medical emergency due to
Provide oxygen therapy risk of rabies and infection. The nurse
Prepare for intubation if unconscious or plays a key role in immediate care,
seizures occur prevention of rabies, wound
Suction if vomiting or secretions present management, and education.
4. Fluid and Electrolyte Management 1. Immediate First Aid (Priority Care)
Heat stroke causes severe dehydration Wash wound immediately with soap and
and shock. running water for at least 15 minutes
Nursing role: Clean wound with antiseptic (povidone-
Insert IV line immediately iodine)
Administer cold IV fluids (Normal Do not suture wound immediately unless
saline/Ringer lactate) ordered
Monitor: Control bleeding by gentle pressure
Urine output (catheterization) 2. Wound Care
Electrolytes (Na⁺, K⁺) Perform thorough wound cleaning
Signs of shock Apply sterile dressing
[Link])Role of Nurse in Care of Patient Assist in debridement if required
with Bedsore (Pressure Ulcer) Monitor wound for:
Bedsores occur due to prolonged Redness
pressure, poor circulation, moisture and Swelling
immobility. Nursing care focuses on Discharge
prevention, treatment and patient Fever
comfort. 3. Rabies Prophylaxis
1. Assessment of Pressure Ulcer Nurse’s responsibilities:
Inspect skin daily, especially bony Assist doctor in classification of bite
prominences: (Category I, II, III)
Sacrum, heels, hips, elbows, back of Administer Anti-rabies vaccine as per
head schedule
Assess and document: Administer Rabies Immunoglobulin (RIG)
Stage of ulcer (I–IV) in Category III bites
Maintain vaccination record and follow- Write factual and truthful information
up dates Never erase or overwrite records
4. Tetanus Prophylaxis Correct errors properly (single line +
Administer Tetanus toxoid / booster as signature)
prescribed Sign with name, designation, date and
[Link])Role of Nurse in Care of Patient time
with Convulsions (Seizures) Q2 - Short Note
Convulsions are sudden, uncontrolled a. Barriers in communication
electrical disturbances in the brain. Communication barriers are obstacles
Nursing care focuses on safety, airway that impede the effective exchange of
maintenance, monitoring, treatment, information between individuals or
and prevention of complications. groups. They can be classified into five
1. Immediate Care During Seizure main types:
(Priority) 1. Physical barriers – environmental
Main goal: Prevent injury and maintain factors like noise, distance, or
airway inadequate facilities that disrupt
Stay calm and call for help message transmission.
Place patient on flat surface 2. Psychological barriers – personal
Turn patient to side (recovery position) to emotions, stress, or prejudices that
prevent aspiration affect interpretation.
Loosen tight clothing 3. Semantic barriers – differences in
Remove nearby harmful objects language, jargon, or meaning of words
Put soft pad/pillow under head leading to misunderstandings.
3. Observation and Monitoring 4. Cultural barriers – varying cultural
The nurse should carefully observe and norms, values, or beliefs that influence
document: perception of messages.
Time seizure started and ended 5. Organisational barriers – hierarchical
Type of movements (jerking, stiffness) structures, policies, or lack of proper
Loss of consciousness channels that hinder information flow.
Eye position, frothing, tongue bite Nurses can overcome these by using
Vital signs and oxygen saturation simple language, ensuring feedback,
Post-ictal state (confusion, sleep) adapting to the audience’s cultural
3.v)Role of Nurse in Maintaining context, and creating conducive
Medical RecordsMedical records are environments for dialogue.
legal documents that contain b. Child Abuse
complete information about patient Child abuse refers to any act of
care. Nurses play a vital role in commission or omission that harms a
accurate documentation, child’s physical, emotional, or
communication, and confidentiality. psychological well-being. It includes four
1. Accurate Documentation of Patient major types: physical abuse, emotional
Care abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect.
The nurse must record: - Signs & symptoms: unexplained
Patient identification details injuries, behavioral changes (withdrawal
Vital signs (TPR, BP, SpO₂) or aggression), fear of certain
Symptoms and complaints individuals, poor hygiene, or
Nursing assessment findings developmental delays.
Care given and procedures performed - Health professional’s role: identify and
Patient response to treatment document signs, provide immediate
Documentation must be: medical care, report cases to child
Clear protective services, and offer counseling
Accurate to the child and family.
Complete - Prevention: community education,
Timely strengthening family support systems,
2. Recording Medication Administration and promoting child rights awareness.
Maintain Medication Administration c. Family Cycle
Record (MAR) The family life cycle describes the stages
Document: a typical family undergoes over time,
Drug name, dose, route, time influencing health needs and
Any side effects or reactions interactions. Common stages are:
Follow “5 Rights”: 1. Formation – marriage or partnership
Right patient establishment.
Right drug 2. Expansion – childbirth and
Right dose child-rearing.
Right route 3. Contraction – children leaving home
Right time (empty nest).
3. Legal and Ethical Responsibility 4. Dissolution – death of a spouse or
Medical records are legal evidence. separation.
Nurse must:
Understanding the cycle helps ii. Sub centre covers a population of
healthcare providers tailor interventions 5,000 in hilly areas.
to specific stage-related stressors and iii. The DPT vaccine is administered in
health requirements, such as prenatal intramuscular route.
care in the expansion phase or geriatric iv. The causative organism of TB is
support in dissolution. Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
d. Determinants of health v. The study of a population is
Health determinants are factors that Epidemiology.
influence individual and population
health. They are grouped into: Question- 5 -Abbreviation
1. Biological – genetics, age, sex.
2. Behavioral – lifestyle choices like diet, i. NCD – Non-Communicable Disease
exercise, substance use. ii. IMNCI – Integrated Management of
3. Socioeconomic – income, education, Neonatal & Childhood Illnesses
employment. iii. NFHS – National Family Health Survey
4. Environmental – physical iv. WCD – Women & Child Development
surroundings, sanitation, pollution. v. ICDS – Integrated Child Development
5. Healthcare services – access and Services
quality of medical care. vi. IEC – Information, Education &
Recognizing these determinants guides Communication
public health policies and personalized vii. CAN – Community Action for Nutrition
care plans to address root causes of (or Child Abuse Neglect, depending on
health issues. context)
e. Behavioural change viii. ELISA – Enzyme-Linked
Behavioural change involves modifying Immunosorbent Assay
actions to improve health outcomes, ix. RNTCP – Revised National Tuberculosis
often guided by theoretical models like Control Programme
the Health Belief Model or x. ICTC – Integrated Counseling & Testing
Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Centre
Change). The process typically includes:
1. Awareness – recognizing a health risk.
2. Motivation – deciding to act.
3. Skill development – learning new
behaviours.
4. Action – implementing change.
5. Maintenance – sustaining the new
behaviour.
Nurses facilitate change through
education, goal-setting, counseling, and
continuous support, adapting strategies
to individual readiness.
f. Role of an ANM as counsellor
An Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) acts as
a community health counsellor, focusing
on:
- Health education: informing
communities about maternal, child, and
preventive health practices.
- Counseling: addressing individual
concerns related to family planning,
nutrition, or disease management with
empathy and cultural sensitivity.
- Service linkage: guiding patients to
appropriate health services like
immunization or antenatal care.
- Community empowerment: promoting
self-care and healthy behaviours through
interpersonal communication and
demonstration.
The ANM’s role is pivotal in bridging
healthcare services with community
needs, especially in rural settings.
Question- 4 (Fill In the Blanks)
i. 7th Nov. is celebrated as National
Cancer Awareness Day (or simply
“Cancer Awareness Day”).