4.

CODING-DECODING
A
CODE is a
'system of signals'. Therefore, Coding is a method of transmitting a message
between the sender and the receiver without a third person knowing it.i
The Coding
and Decoding Test is set up to judge the candidate's ability to decipher
that codes a particular word/message and break the code to decipher the message. the rule

TYPE 1: LETTER CODING

In these questions, the letters in a word are replaced by certain
specific rule to form its code. The candidate is required to detect other letters according an
to

answer the questions accordingly. the coding pattern/rule

Case I. To form the code for another word (CODING)
Ex. l. In a certain code, TEACHER is written as VGCEJGT. How is CHILDREN written in
that code ? (B.T.M. 2006)
(a) EJKNEGTP (6) EGKNFITPrs) EJKNFGTO.(d) EJKNFTGP
Sol. Clearly, each letter in the word TEACHER is moved two steps
forward to obtain the
corresponding letter of the code.
E A
HE R
E
+2 +2 o+2 +2 t2 t 2

V G C E J G Tle sti
Similarly, we have:
C Hi I L D R

ENi
+2 +2 +2i +2 +2 +2+2+2 .
E J K
So, the desired code is EJKNFTGP. Hence,
the answer is (d).
Ex. 2. In certain code language, RUSTICATE is written as
a
QTTUIDBSD, How would
STATISTIC be written in that code ?
(Management Trainees' 2005)
(a) RSBUJTUHB (6) RSBUITUHB (c) RSBUIRSJD
(d) TUBUITUMB
Sol. Clearly, the middle letter of the word remains unchanged
in the code. Each of the first two
and the last two letters of the word is moved one step backward,
letters is moved one step forward to obtain the correspondingwhile each of the remaining .
letters of the code.
R S T C A T E
-14 -1 + 1! +1 + 1

ia Similarly, we have: ID B
ni
D

A
-1 -14 +14 +1 +1
R S B
+1 -1 -14
U T B
So, the
required code is RSBUITUHB. Hence, H
the answer is (b).
Ex. 3. If ROAST is coded as PQYUR in a
certain language, then how will SLOPPY be coae
that language? (P.G.D,T.M. 2006)
(a) MRNAQN (6) NRMNQA (c) QNMRNA (d) RANNMQ
194
Coding-Decoding 195
.
Clearly, the letters in the word ROAST are moved alternately two steps backward and
twosteps forward to obtain the letters of the code. Thus, we have :
R 0A ST +
(4e2 +2 +2-2 -24+2n24 +2 -2 2

P
Q Y U R NQit M R
Na A
So, the required code is QNMRNA. Honco, the answer is (c).nut
Bx. 4, In a certain system of coding, the word STATEMENT is written as TNEMETATS. In
the samesystem of coding, what should bethe codo for the word POLITICAL ?
(a) LACITILOP (6) LCATILIOP, nta (c) OPILITACL(d) None of these
(Hotel Managemont, 2003)
Sol. Clearly, the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order to obtain the code.
Reversing the order of letters in POLITICAL, we get LACITILOP, which is the required
code.
Hence, the answer is (a).
Ex. 5. If HEALTH is written as GSKZDG, then how will NORTH be written in that code ?
(a) OPSUI (6) GSQNM (c) FRPML (d) IUSPO'
(M.C.A. 2005)
Sol. Clearly, the letters of the given word are written in a reverse order and then each letter
is moved one step backward to obtain the code.
Reversing the order of letters in NORTH,we get [Link], we have:
H T R
-14 -1J -1 -1 -14
G M
So, the required code is GSQNM. Hence, the answer is (b).
Ex. 6. In a certain code, BREAKTHROUGH is written as EAOUHRBRGHKT. How is
DISTRIBUTION written in that code ? (Bank P.O. 2003)
(a) TISTBUONDIRI (b) STTIBUONRIDI (c) STTIBUDIONRI
(d) RISTTIBUDION (e) None of these
Sol. Let us divide the letters of the given wrd into pairs and label these pairs from 1 to 6.
BR EA KT HR OU GH
1 4 5 6
e
Clearly, the code contains these pairs arranged in the order 2, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3.
Dividing the letters of the word DISTRIBUTION in pairs, we have :
DI ST RI BU TI ON
1 2 3 4 5 6
Arranging these in the order 2, 5, 4, 1, 6, 3, we get the required code i.e. STTIBUDIONRI.
Hence, the answer is (c).
Ex. 7. In a certain code language, BEAT is written as YVZG, then what will be the code MILD?
of

(a) ONRW (6) NOWR (c) ONWR (d) NROW

(R.R.B. 2005)
Sol. B, E, A, T are respectively the 2nd, 5tlh lst, 20th letters from the beginning of the English
alphabet. The letters of the code Y, V, Z, G are respectively the 2nd, 5th, lst and 20th
letters from the end of the English alphabet.
Similarly, M, I, L, D aFe respectively 13th,9th, 12th, 4th letters from the beginning of
the English alphabet. And, the 13th, 9th, 12th, 4th letters from the end of the English
alphabet are N,R, 0, W respectively. So, the required code is NROW.
Hence, the answer is (d).
 Coding-Decoding
207
TYPE 2: DIRECT LETITER CODING
we have studied till now was 'rule-coding in which letters were assigned codes according
What
pattern or rule concerning the movement or reordering of
to a set
to decode a message. But, sometimes, particular
letters and one needs to detect
this hidden rule letters are made codes for
particular letters without there being any set pattern. For example, let us consider a language
Phich is A
coded as W,C as P, E as T, L as Z, S as B and T as K., Then, the code for CASTLE
in that language is PWBKZT.
of coding is called direct-coding.
Such type
In direct-coding, the code letters occur in the same sequence as the corresponding letters occur
inthe words. on
In questions direct-coding, either the particular codes of letters are given or the codes of
tyo more words are given and one is asked to find the codes of given words involving only
or
those letters for which the codes have already been mentioned.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
.d
Ex. 1. If in a certain code, O is written as E, as C, M as I,S as O, Nas P, E as M, I as A, P
A

as N and C as S, then how will COMPANIES be written in that code? i

(a) SMINCPAMO (6) SEIACPAMO SEINCPAMO(c)
SEINCPMIO
(d) (e) None of these (Bank P.0. 2004)
Sol. Substituting the letters of the given word with their respective codes, we have :
M P A N I E S

E I P A M
Hence, the answer is (c).
Ex. 2. If in a code language, PARENT is written as BIDFGJK and CHILDREN is written as
MOXQUFGJ, how is REPRINT written in that code ? (S.S.C. 2005)
(a) FGBFXJK (6) FGBUXJKtc) FGBFXGD (d) BGBFXJK
Sol. Observing the given words and codes, we notice that:
) there is no apparent rule governing the coding;
common letters i.e. PARENT
(ii) both the given words have common codes corresponding to
common in the code.
and CHILDREN have REN' in common in the word and FGJ in
This indicates that the code letters are in the same
sequence as the corresponding letters
in the words;
(iii) REPRINT is formed by a combination of letters of PARENT and CHILDREN.k
All the above three indicate that this is a question
on direct-coding.
[Link], from the given words we have :
E N H L D
Letter P A R
G J K M X
Code B D F
answer is (a).
Thus, the code for REPRINT becomes FGBFXJK. Hence, the
as QPMZS in coded form, how can HEART be written
x, 3. If the word EARTH be written
(C.P.0. 2004)
e
following the same coding ?
(6): SQMPZ. (c) SPQZM (d) SQPMZ
(a) SQPZM
same letters as
Observing the above question, we may notice that HEART consists of the
as alternatives also consist of the same letter
O

BARTH and the four possible codes given

is a question on direct-coding.
codes as those in thecode for EARTH. This indicates that this
208 Verbal Reasoning
:
Thus, we
have:13 n7G: 3rie
Letter E A R H

Code Q P M S

So, the code for HEART becomes SQPMZ.

Hence, the answer is (d).
Ex. 4. In a defence message, GET AWAY, FIRE BACK-WARDS, MOVE SLOW is coded
BEN CDCI, QHOE PCTL DCOXU, ZMWE VFMD. ([Link]. 2000)
Based on this coding scheme, spot the codes for the following words
1. OVER (a) MWED (6) MWEO (c) MWOE (d) MWZO.
2. DEADLY (a) XECXEI XECXFI
(6) XEEXCI (d) XENXRI
(c)

3. REWARD (a) OEDCOU (c) OEDNXE

(6) OEDCOX (d) OTDCOX
4. GREAT (a) BOECN (6) BOENC (c) BOEHC (d) BOEQN
Sol. Observing the given message, we find that as such, no definite rule of coding seems ta
follow. Also, whenever A occurs in the message, C comes at the corresponding place in the
code. Similarly, E corresponds to E, D corresponds to W and so on. Thus, every letter in
the message has a particular code. This is direct-coding.
Thus, from the given message, we have:
O V
Letter GE
G T A
W
Y R B C K D M L

Code B E N C|
D
I H|
O
P T L
X U
Z MW F
1. The code for OVER is MWEO. So, the answer is (6).
2. The code for DEADLY is XECXFI. So, the answer is (c).
3. The code for REWARD is OEDCOX. So, the answer is (b).
4. The code for GREAT is BOECN. So, the answer is (a).
 TYPE 3: NUMBERSYMBOL cODING

lo these qucstions, either numericalcode values are asaigned to a wordor alphabetical code
ters are assigned to the numbera. The candidate ís required to analyse the code as per the
questions.
early, letters and numbers are correlated to each other in noother way except in relation to
the nosition of the letters in the English alphabet. So, either this relation holcs the coding
bas to be done asper a set of given rules. In all other cases, thequestion is one sf dircct-coding.
Case I. When numerical /symbolcodes are assigned to words
Bx, 1, 1f MACHINE is coded as 19 -7-9- 14 - 15 – 20 - 11, how will you code DANGER ?
- –
(a) 11 7-20-- 16 11 24. (b) 13 -7-20 -9- 11- 25
(c) - - –
10 7- 20 13 11 24 - (d) 13 -7-20 10–11- 25
nw(M.A.T. 2005)
Sol. Clearly, every letter is assigned a numerical code obtained by adding 6 to the numeral
denoting the position of that letter in the English alphabet.
Thus, A is coded as (1 + 6) i.e. 7, B as (2 + 6) i.e. 8,C as (3 + 6) i.e. 9,
.. M as (13 + 6) .e.
....., Z as
19, (26 + 6) i.e. 32.
Since, D,A, N, G, E, R are 4th, lst, 14th,7th, 5th and 18th letters in the English alphabet,
so their respective codes are (4 + 6), (1+ 6), (14 + 6), (7 +6), (5 + 6), (18 + 6) i.e. 10, 7, 20,
13, 11, 24. So, the code for DANGER is 10 -7 - 20 – 13 - 11 - 24.
Hence, the answer is (c).
Ex. 2. If E = 5, PEN = 35, then PAGE =? (C.B.I. 2003)
(a) 27 (b) 28 (c) 29 (d) 36
Sol Clearly, putting A= 1, B = 2, C = 3, D =
4, E =
5,..., M = 13,..., X= 24, Y = 25, Z =
26.
we
have:
PEN
=
P+ E+ N= 16 + 5 + 14 = 35.
=
So, PAGE = P + A +
G + E = 16 + l+7+5 29.

Hence, the answer is (c).

Ex. If RED is coded as 6720, then how would GREEN be coded? (S.S.C. 2000)
3. W

(a) 1677199 (6) 1677209 (c) 16717209 (d) 9207716

SoL Clearly, the order of letters in the word is reversed and then each letter is replaced by th
numeral denoting its position in the English alphabet. Next, 2 is added to each numeral
and the numerals so obtained are joined together physically to get the code. Thus, we have:
RED DER 4/5/18 6/ru20 -
6720.
GREEN NEERG 14/5/5/18/7 16/7/7/20/9 - 1677209.
Hence, the answer is (b). Ntk076
Coding-Decoding

II REQUEST is
EXERCISE 4D
written as S2R52TU, then how.
** °215

will ACID bo written?s

1294(O(6) IC94b d
(c) BDJE(d) B3J4
HS
Le) None of these
eu
feach of the letters in the English alphabet is assigned odd (Bank P.O. 2003)
numerical
1, B=3and so on,
what will be the total value of the letters of value beginning
A
0.8 (a) 86ith () 88s ote(c) 89i uoi a) 96 ui1 n the(e) word INDIAN ?
None of these
In a certain code, the word DEAL (R.B.I. 2002)
is coded as 4 -5-1-12. Following
o& ot coding,
what should be the code for the word LADY the same ruke of
(a) 12 4- 1- 25
?2i(R.R.B. 2004)
(6) 12 -1-4 25 (c)
4, IfA = 2, M = 26, Z = 52,
then BET =?t
10-1-4- 23 (d) 12-1-4-22
(S.S.C. 2002)
(a) 44 (6) 54 (c) 64 (d)
5.
IfA 26, SUN = 27, then CAT=?
=
72t
(S.S.C. 2002)
a2(a) 24 () 27}h, 281?731*(c) 57
6. If in a certain code, BAT =
(d)'58
23 and CAT =24, then how will you code BALL ?
(a) 27 (6) 28 (c) 32 (d) 120
(B.B.S. 2004)
7. If GO = 32, SHE = 49, then SOME will be equal to (R.R.B. 2004)
(a) 56 (6) 58 (c) 62 (d) 64
8. If AT = 20, BAT = 40, then CAT will be equal to
(a) 30 (6) 50 (c) 60 (d) 70
9. If ZIP= 198 and ZAP= 246, then how will you code VIP?
B.B.S. 2004)
(a)
174h
10. If DEER =
(6) 222
=
t it (c) 888*3
5645, how will you code HEEL?
8iti (d) 990
12215 and HIGH its (M.A.T. 2002)
at (a) 23286 o
i z
(b) 3449 sios reo (c) 4337igis tiadgo (d) 5229
1. If E=5 and HOTEL= 12, how will you code LAMB ?3 (S.S.C. 2001)
(a) 7 (6) 10 (c) 26 | (d) 28
12. If ZEBRAcan be written as 2652181, how can COBRA be written ?(S.S.C. 2002)
(a) 302181 (6) 3152181 (c) 31822151. (d) 1182153
13. If wORK is coded as 4– 12-9- 16, therr how will you code WOMAN? (R.R.B. 2002)
- - -
(a) 4 12 – 14 – 26- 13 (b) 4 26 – 14 13– 12 (c) 23 12 26 14 –13 - - -
(d) 23 - -
15 13 -1- 14 (e) None of these
14. If ACNE Can be coded as 3, 7, 29, 11, then BOIL will be coded as (R.R.B. 2006)
(a) 5, 29, 19, 27 (6) 5, 29, 19, 25 (c) 5, 31, Zl, 25 (d) 5, 31, 19, 25
20s
15. IfO = 16, FOR= 42, then what is FRONT equal to ? (M.C.A. 2005)
la) 61 (6) 65 (c) 73 (d) 78 E 0
16, IfREASON is coded as5 and BELIEVED as 7, then what is thecode for GOVERNMENT?
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) [Link]
(1)13 (R.R.B, 2003)
T DRIVER 12, PEDESTRIAN = 20, ACCIDENT
=
16, then CAR =?(MA.T. 2002)
688s(a)3is) toncsI c) 8 usiT () (d} 10a 4i:
08
o
lT 21OBLITY is coded as 46293927. then EXAMINATION is coded asvit:p

(a)45038401854 e1 (6)56149512965 3)(c) 57159413955 E(d) 67250623076

 ANSWERS (EXERCISE 4D) \ 3.
1. (e) : Clearly, vowels A, E, I, 0, aro codod a8 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 respectively. Each of the
U

rt consonants in the word is moved one stop forward to give the corresponding Jetter of
the code. So, thecode for ACID bocomos 1D3E. igigi, :
2. (d) : Clearly, we have:

LetterA B C D E F G H I JK L M N

Value 1 3 5 11 13 15 17
| 1921232527
So, INDIAN = I+ N+D +I+A + N

= 17 + 27 + 7 + 17 + 1+ 27 = 96.
s. (ö) :Clearly, each letter is coded by the numeral denoting its position in the English
alphabet. ..,
Thus, A is coded as 1, B as 2, C as 3, D as 4,.., L as 12, M as 13, Y as 25, 2 as 26.
So, the code for LADY is 12.- 1 4– 25.
4. (6): Clearly, each letter is assigned a numerical value which is twice the numeral denoting
its position in the English alphabet.
B, E and T are 2nd, 5th and 20th letters [Link] 9i
So, BET =B+ E+T (2 = × +
2) (5 x x =
2) + (20 2) 54.
5. (c) : Clearly, each letter is represented by the numeral ..., denoting
...., its position from the
14, = 25, A= 26. B

end of
the English alphabet i.e. Z= = =2,
1, M= Y

Then, SUN = S+ N=8+6 + 13 27. U +

So, CAT C +A +T = 24 26 +7=57.

= +

6. (a) :
is one step ahead of B and the çode for CAT is 1
C more than that for BAT. Ths,
the letters are coded by numerals denoting their positions in the English alphabet.
i.e. 1, B= 2,
A =..., Z= 26.
+ =
So, BALL= B +A+ L+L= 2 + l + 12..., 12 27.
7. (a) : In the given code, Z = 1, 2, X=3, C = 24, B = 25, Z = 26.k
Y =

= + + =
So, GO = 20 + 12 = 32 and SHE 8 19 22 49, = 56.
S+0 +M+ ...,= 8+ 12 + 14 22
+

Similarly, SOME =
E

8. (c) :
Taking A=1, B = 2,
..., T = 20, Z = 26, we have:
= 40,
AT = A
x T =
1x 20= 20; BAT = xA
B x T
=2 x 1x 20
=
×
So, CAT C
=
xA x T=3 lx 20...,60.
B = 26,
= ......
27, we have:
N = 14,
A

9. (b): Taking Z=2, Y =3,

x = x
ZIP = (2 +I+ P) x 6 = (2 + 19 + 12) 6 33 6 198.
=
198.C hlise 68
×
So, VIP (V + I+ P) x 6= (6 + 19 + 12) 6= 37
= x
6= 222. 70 5
dT: ()
 Verbal Reasoning
220
letter is coded by numeral which is less than the numeral denoting
a 3
10. (d) : Clearly, each
the position of the lettor in the English alphabet. The code for the word is obtained
by joining together physically thenumber codes for the individual letters
are 8th, 5th and 12th letters respectively. So, their codes are 5, 2

.,
H, E, L
and 9
respectively. Thus, the code for HEEL becomes 5229.
11. (a) : We have:A= 1, B = 2, C = 3, Y =
25, Z = 26.
Clearly, the codc for a word is obtained by dividing the sum of
the individual values
of its letters by the number of letters in the word.
60
Thus, HOTEL, =
H+0+T+E+L 8+15+ 20+ 5+12 = 12.
55 5
L+A+M+B 12 +1+13 + 2 28
=7.
So, LAMB
4 4 4
12. (b) : Putting A- 1, B = 2, C -3,.... X= 24, Y = 25, Z= 26. we have :

ZEBRAZ/E/B/R/A 26/5/2/18/1 2652181.

COBRA C/O/B/R/A 3/15/2/18/1 3152181.
13. (a): Clearly, each letter is coded by the numeral obtained by subtracting from 27, the
numeral denoting the position of the letter in the English alphabet. W, 0, M, A, N
are 23rd, 15th, 13th, 1st and 14th letters. So, their codes are (27- 23), (27 - 15)
-
(27 - 13), (27 1), (27 – 14) i.e. 4, 12, 14, 26, 13 respectively.
14. (d) : In the given coding system, we have:
42
Letter A B C F G H J K M N
Code 3 5 7 13 15 17 19 2123|25 27 2931
So, the code for BOIL is 5, 31, 19, 25.
15. (d) : We have:A=2, B
=3,
..., Z= 27. Then,
FOR = F+0+R=7+16 19 42.
+

FRONT= F+R O + N+T= 7+ 19 + +

16 + 15 + 21 = 78.
16. (c) : Clearly, each word is coded by the numeral which is 1less than the number ofletters
in the word.
Since there are 10 letters in the word GOVERNMENT, so required code = 10 – 1 =9.
17. (6) : Clearly, each word is coded by the numeral which is twice the number of letters in
the word.
So, CAR = (Number of letters in CAR) x 2 = 3 x 2= 6.
18. (b) : Let = 1, B = 2, C=3,
A ..., X = 24, Y = 25, Z = 26.
13 = 6; B = 2; I = 9;
1+3 = 4; O = 15 = 1
= =
Then, M

= 2;
+5 L= 12 l+2= 3;

25 = 2 + 5 =7.
= =
T= 20 2
+0 Y

So, MOBILITY 46293927.

Similarly, X 24 = 2 +4 = 6;N= 14 =
=
1+4 =5.
So, EXAMINATION = 56149512965.
 TYPE 5: SUBSTITUTION
In this type of questions, some particular words are assigned certain substituted names. Then
a question is asked
that is to be answered in the substituted code language.o
Ex. 1. f 'cook' is called butler', butler' is called 'manager', 'manager' is called teacher, teacher"
is cailed clerk' and 'clerk' is called 'principal', who will teach in a class?
s (6) Butler (c) Manager (d) Teacher (e) Clerk
(a) Cook
So, a clerk'
Sol. Clearly, a teacher' teaches in a class and as given, teacher' is called 'clerk.
will teach in the class. Hence, the answer is (e).
 234 Verbal Reasoning
Ex.2. If diamond' is called 'gold', 'gold' is called 'silver", 'silver' is called ruby' and: rubyis
..
called 'emerald', which is the cheapest jewel ? sB l:ztt
. (e) Emerald
U

(a) Diamond (5) Silver (c) Gold(c) Ruby.

Sol. We know that 'silver' is cheapest. But as given, 'silver' is called 'ruby'. So, Sruby
cheapest. Hence, the answer is. (d).
is the
Ex, 3. If'eye' is called 'hand', 'hand' is called mouth', 'mouth' is called 'ear', ear' is called '
and 'nose' is called tongue', with which of the following would a person hear?
(a) Eye (b) Mouth (c) Nose (d) Ear (e) Tongue
Sol. A
person hears with his 'ear'. But as per the given information, 'ear' is called noses
a person will hear with the 'nose'. Hence, the answer is (c).

EXERCISE 4G
1. If white' is called blue, blue' is called red', red' is called 'yellow', 'yellow' is called 'green!
'green' is called 'black', 'black' is called 'violet and violet' iscalled orange, what would a
the colour of human blood ? (Bank P.0. 2002, 03, 04; M.A.T. 2004)
(a) Red (6) Green (c) Yellow (d) Vjolet (e) Orange
2. If'oranges' are 'apples, 'bananas' are 'apricots', apples' are 'chillies', apricots' are 'oranges'
and 'chillies' are 'bananas', then which of the following are green in colour?
(a) Apricots (6) Apples (c) Chillies (d) Bananas (e) Oranges
(SCMHRD,2002)
3. If 'pen' is table', 'table' is fan','fan' is 'chair' and 'chair' is'roof', on which of the following
a person
will sit?
(a) Fan (6) Chair (c) Roof (d) Table (e) Pen
4. If 'bat is'racket, racket is football', football' is'shuttle, 'shuttle' is
ludo' and ludo' is
"carrom', what is cricket played with?
(a) Racket (6) Football (c) Bat (d) Shuttle (e) Carrom
5. If 'sky' is 'star', 'star' is 'cloud', cloud' is 'earth, 'earth' is
tree' and tree is 'book, then
where do the birds fly ? (Management Trainees' 2005)
(a) Cloud (6) Sky (c) Star
(d) Data inadequate (e) None of these
6. If 'room' is called bed', bed' is called 'window', window' is called flower'
and flower' is
called cooler', on what would a man sleep ?
(a) Window (6) Bed (c) Flower.
(d) Cooler (e) None of these
7. If book' is called 'watch, 'watch' is called bag, 'bag iscalled dictionary'
and dictionary is
called window', which is used to carry the books?
(a) Dictionary (b) Bag (c) Book (d) Watch (e) None of these
8. If fcushion' is called 'pillow', 'pillow' is called 'mat, 'mat' is called
bedsheet' and bedsheet'
is called 'cover', which will be spread on the floor?
(a) Cover (b) Bedsheet (c) Mat (d) Pillow (e) None of these
9. If 'orange' is called 'butter', 'butter' is called 'soap', 'soap' is called
and honey' is called 'orange', which of the following is used for
'ink, 'ink' is called honey'
washing clothes ?
(a) Honey (6) Butter (c) Orange (d) Soap (e) Ink
(Bank P.0. 2003)
10. If'sand' is called 'air', 'air' is called 'plateau', 'plateau'
is called 'well, well' is called island'
and island' is called 'sky, then from where will a woman draw water ?
(a) Well (6) Island (c) Sky (d) Ait (e) None of these
11. If bangle' is called 'cassette', 'cassette'
is called table', table' is called 'game' and game'
Siu is called 'cupboard', then which is played in the tape
recorder?isot A2titu,1) Iuc
(a) Bngle (b) Cas sette (c) Table (d) Cupboard (e) None of these
 (EXERCISE 4G)
ANSWERS
and as given, 'red' is called 'yellow.
blood is red So,
1, (c) : The colour ofof the human th
colour of human blood is 'yellow'. are bananas' So, 'bananas
and as given, 'chillies'
(d): Chillies' are green in colour

. green in colour:.
(c) : A person will sit
roof".
on a
chair' but a chair' is called r00f.
So, a person will sit
cis
onthe.

'racket'. So, cricket is played

4. (a): Cricket is played with a bat and bat is called witha

racket'.
fly in the sky and as given, sky' is 'star'. So, birds fly in the 'star'
t D. (c): Birds
as given, 'bed' is called 'window. So, a man will
slon
6. (a) : A man sleeps ona bed' and
the window'. .
carry the books but a 'bag is called 'dictionary
7. (a) : Clearly, a bag is used to
dictionary will be used tocarry the books.
: on the floor. But 'mat' is called bedsheet. So, a 'bedsheet' will b
8. (6) Mat will be spread
spread on the floor.
So, ink' is
9. (e) : Clearly, 'soap' is used for washing the clothes. But, 'soap' is called 'ink'.
used for washing the clothes.
10. (6): A woman shall draw water from a well' but a 'well' is called island'. So, the woman
bl, will draw water from an island'.
11, (c): Clearly, a 'cassette' is played in the tape-recorder. But, a 'cassette'
is called 'tal
So, a table' will be played in the tape-recorder.
 TYPE 6: DECIPHERING MESSAGE WORD CODES L,ed7
In this type of questions, some messages are
given in the coded language and the code for a
particular word or message is asked. To analyse such codes, any two messages bearing a
common word are picked up. The common code-word will thus represent that word. Proceeding
similarly by picking up all possible combinations of two, the entire message can be decoded
and the codes for individual words found.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Ex. 1. In a certain language, 'sun shines brightly' is written as ba lo sul, 'houses are brightly
lít as kado ula ari ba' and light comes from sun' as dopi kup lo nro'. What code-words
(M.A.T. 2003)
are written for 'sun' and brightly' ?
(a) ba, sul (6) sul, lo (c) lo, ba (d) ba, lo
common word is 'sun' and the common code-word is
Sol. In the first and third statements, the
lo'. So, lo' is the code for 'sún'.
common word is 'brightly' and the common
In the first and second statements, the
i code-word is ba', So, ba' is the code for 'brightly'.
Hence, the answer is (c).
means fine cloth'; 'meta lisa' means 'clear water' and
Ex. 2. If in a certain language, oka peru' language means weather ?
'dona lisa peru' means fine clear weather', which word in that
o (6) -oka (c) meta (d) dona
fa) peru
(R.R.B. 2002)
common code-word is peru' and the common word
Sol. In the first and third statements, the
is fine'. So, peru' means fine.
statements, the common code-word is lisa and the commnon word
In the second and third
is '[Link], lisa' means clear'.
Thus, in the third statement, 'lisa'
means 'clear' and peru' means fine'. So, 'dond' means
'weather'.
Hence, tlhe answer is (d).
 TYPE 7: DECIPHERING NUMBER AND SYMBOL CODES FOR MESSAGES

questions, groups of numbers/symbols, each coding a certain message, are

a few
n this type of
Inrough a comparison of the given coded messages, taking two at a time, the candidate
rAquired to find the number/symbol code for each word and then formulate the code for the
iš message.
giren

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
l,
Ina certain code language, "123 means bright little boy', 145 neans 'tall big boy and
637' means 'beautiful little flower'. Which digit in that language means 'bright ?
(a) 1 (6) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (R.R.B. 2004)
Sol. In the first and second statements, the common code digit is
1 and the common word is
boy'. So, 1 means boy'. In the first and third statements, the common code digit is '3' and
the common word is '[Link], 3 means little. Thus, in the first statement, 2' means 'bright.
Hence, the answer is (b).
E2. In a certain code language, 'go for morning walk' is written as '$*?#, good for health' is
written as £?@ and good to walk fast is written as +@t#, then what is the code for
n
health' in that code language ? (S.B.I.P.0. 2000)
(a) + (b) # (c) £ (a) ?
(e) Nené of these
BoL In the
first and second statements, the common code symbol is ? and the common word
is for'. So, ? means for'.
 EXERCISE 4|
1,
hacertain code language, 'pen is written as $£, 'eraser sharpener is
pencil'
@# and 'pencil eraser' is written as '$@. Then, what is the code for 'pen' ? ([Link].20N
(a) # (6) $ (c) @ (d) £ (e) None

2. In a certain code, 786 means ´study very hard, "958 means 'hard work oithe
pays' and
means 'stutdy and work'. [Link] the following is the code for very' 9 (M.B.A.
200%
(a) 8 (6) 6 (c) 7 (d) Cannot be determined (e) None
of
heae
3. In a certain code language, 123' means 'hot filtered coffee'. 356 means 'very hot
589 means day and night. Which digit stands for very ?
(a) 9 (6) 5 (c) 8
day
a
(d) 2 (e) 6
a means 'spark
4.
In certain
means
code language, "234 and fire, 456 means 'spark is
cause and
"258 fire is [Link] of the following numerals is used for cause' ?
(a) 3 (6) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
(M.B.A. 2002)
5. In a certain code language, 253 means books are old',
means buy good books'. What stands for 'are' '546 means man is old' and 49

in that code? (R.R.B. 2002

(a) 2 (6) 4 (c) 5 (d)63SU (e) 9
6. In a certain code, '467 means leaves are green', '485 means
'green is good' and '639 means
'they are playing'. Which digit stands for leaves' in
that code?
(a) 4 (6) 6 (c) 7 (e) None of the
(d) 3
7. In a certain code language, 134' means
good and tasty', 478 means 'see good pictures' and
ba"729 means 'pictures are faint'. Which of the following digits
stands for 'see'?
(a) 9 (6) 2 (c)
14stia (d) 80
(M.A.T. 2001

8. In a certain code language, 3a, 2b, 7c means

h
is not eternal and '9a, 4d, 2b, 86 means 'truth is eternal'; '7c, 9a, 86, 3a' means enm)
'enmity in that language? truth does not perish', Which of the following mean
(a) 3a (b) 7c (c) 86
Directions (Questions 9 to 14): Readd
(@)
9atacas (e) None of thes
the following informnation to answer
questions :
In a certain code language, '481' means
(M.A.T. n19

'sea looks blue'. 'sky is blue, '246 means 'sea is

deep' and 680
9. What number is
the code for deep'
?0) orld
(a) 1 (6) 2 atertssdE Duog i at 4
(c) 4 l
7BrhS: (d) [Link]
 ANSWERS (EXERCISE 4)
1. (d) :In the first and third statements, the common code symbol is $' and the common
word is pencil'. So, '$ means pencil. Thus, in the first statement, £ means 'pen'.
2. (c) : In the first and second statements, the common code digit is 8 and the common
word is 'hard'. So, 8 means 'hard'. In the first and third statements, the common
code digit is '6 and the common word is 'study'., So,
'6 means 'study'.
Thus, in the first statement, 7 means ´very'.
3. (e) : In the first and second statements. the common code digit
iy is '3 and the common
word is hot'. So, 3' means 'hot'.
In the second and third statements, the common code digit is 5' and the common
word is 'day'. So, 5 means day'.
Thus, in the second statement, 6 means 'very'.
:
4. (d) In the first and second statements, the common code digit
is 4 and the common
word is 'spark'. So, '4' means 'spark'. In the second and third statements, the common
code digit is 5 and the common word is is'. So, 5 means is'.
Thus, in the second statement, 6 means cause'.
5. (a): In the first and second statements,
the common code digit is 5 and the common
5 means
word is 'old'. So, 'old'. /

In the first and third státements, the common code digit is 3' and the common word
is books'. So, '3 means books'.
Thus, in the first statement, '2 meanseans are.
are'.ht
hthA eao ottohatbo 1