TAKORADI TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
GROUP ASSIGNMENT 1
A PRESENTATION OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
MEMBERS OF GROUP 7
NAME INDEX NUMBER
Gloria Amoako BC/EEE/25/099
Benedicta Mensah BC/EEE25//054
Maame Abena Tobiah Ansah BC/EEE/25/052
Emmanuel Quandahor BC/EEE/25/11O
Zakari Baba Seidu BC/EEE/25/024
John Sienibon BC/EEE/25/049
Umaru Kassim BC/EEE/25/153
Collins Obeng Hammond BC/EEE/25/062
Nathaniel Kweku Amoah BC/EEE/25/072
Eshun Godfred BC/EEE/25/137
Daniel Kabotso BC/EEE/25/005
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
The term electrical is derived from a greek word elektron which means amber.
Circuit is a closed conducting path through which electrical current flow from a
source through which electrical component and back to the source.
Analysis is the process of examing smooth casefully breaking into part in order to
understand.
Electrical component they are the physical part that controls,distrubuite,store
electrical energy in circuit,forming the buliding block for all device from simple
[Link] resistor,capacitor,inductors,diodoes,transtor,intergted,
Function of electrical component
They control the electrical circuit
They store electrical chargers
They distribute electrical current
They also process the electrical current
Electrical Circuit Analysis is the process of calculation voltage,current and win
electrical networks using fundamental laws(like ohnms and kirchhoffs) and technique
(nodal,superposition)to understand how components like resistor,capacitor and
inductor forming the basis for designing and troubleshooting electronic and electrical
[Link] can also be defined as the process of determing the voltage,current,energy
and work in electrical circuit using laws and mathamatical method.
And also electrical circuit analysis uses standard diagram(schematic)to represent
component like resistor,source and capacitor connected by using conductive wires.
Types of circuit
Serires circuit is when componets are connected one after [Link] is also when
components are connected in the same single sequential path, meaning the same
current flows through everthing,but voltage is divided among component.
Properties
Current is the same through each component.
Total potential difference of the power supply is shared between the components.
The total resistance of the circuit is the sum of individual resistors.
Parallel circuit
It is an electrical set up with multiple branched path for current to flow.
This is also defined as the unique characteristic of having component connected
across the same two point,creating multiple path for the current to flow.
Properties
The potential difference across each component in parallel is identical and equal to
the source voltage.
The total current from the split among the parallel branches.
The sum of the current in all the individual branches equal the total current leaving
the source (kirchoff current law).
Adding more parallel resistor decrease the total equivalent resistance .
Component operate independently if one component burn out or a branch corrent will
still flow through the other branches,allowing them to work.
Series and Parallel circuit
They are two basic to connect electrical components where by in series to connects
them end in a single path,so current is the same but voltage drop across [Link]
by in parallel connect them side by side in multiple branches,allowing current to split
and each component to have the same voltage.
Importance of electrical circuit analysis
It helps in designing electrical and electronics circuit.
It used to calculate correct resistor values.
It prevents overheating and circuit damages.
It helps in fault detection and troubleshooting
It essential in electrical engineering and electronics
Uses of the basic laws in an electrical circuit analysis
They are used to analysis,design.
They also uesd to troubleshoot circuits by calculating the voltage,current,power
and resistance.
They are also used to ensuring safety and efficiency.
Application of circuit analysis
Electrical and electronics design.
Power system.
Communication system.
Control engineering.
Industral and domestic installation.
Basic laws in electrical circuit
Ohnms law.
Kirchhoffs current law(KCL).
Kirchhoffs voltage law.
Watts laws.
Lenzs laws.
Coulombs laws.
Gauss laws.
Ohnms laws
Ohnms laws states that the current flowing throught a conductor is directly
proportional to the voltage across lt,provided temperture remains [Link]
factors needed tempereture,pressure [Link] law formular is V=IR.
Where by the the V is the voltage,the I is the current,R is resistance
Resistance is the oppostion offered by a conductor to the flow of electrical current in
an electrical [Link] are two ways resistor can be connected. They are
Serries connection and Parrallel connectionThe unit is called [Link] formular
for finding the Resistance
of a circuit is R=V/I.
Example
The voltage 12v is applied across a conductors and current of 3A [Link] the
resistance that flow through the circuit.
Solution
R=V/I
Where by the V is the voltage of the circuit and the I is the current flowing through
the circuit.
Series and parallel connection of resistors
They are two ways of connecting [Link] are series and parallel connection.
Series connectionis of resistors is when resistors are connected one after the [Link]
series connection sum of p.d(voltage)across each resistor is equal to te voltage
supplied (emf of the cell).The formula for finding the total resistance of a resistor
connected in series is Rt=R1+R2+R3
Example
Find the total resistance of a resistor connected in series where by the resistance that
flow resistor 1 is ohnms3,resistor 2 is 4ohnms,and resistor 3 is 1ohnms.
Solution
Rt=R1+R2+R3
Where by R1 is 3ohnms ,R2 is 4ohnms ,R3 is 1
Rt=3+4+1
Rt=8ohnms
Parallel connection of resistors is when a resistor is steup with multiple branched
path for flow of [Link] are connected in parallel when one end of all the
resistors are connected by continuous wire of negligible resistance and the other end
of all the resistors are also connected to another through a continuous wire of
negligible [Link] formula for find the total resistance of resistors connected in
parallel is 1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2+1/R3
Example
Two reistors are connected in parallel in a circuitThe resistance flowing through
ressitor 1 is 2ohnms and the resistance flowing through resistor 2 is 4ohnms
Solution
1/Rt=1/R1+1/R2
Where by the R1 is 2ohnms and the R2 is 4ohnms
1/Rt=1/2+1/4
1/Rt=2+1/4 1/Rt=1/2
2Rt=1 Rt=2ohnms
Current is the flow of electrical charger through a conductor in an electrical [Link]
is measured in Amperes(A).
The formula is I=V/R or I=Q/t
Example
Therefor if a charge of 20Q flow throught a conductor in [Link] the current that flow
throught the conductor .
Solution
I=Q/t
Where by the Q is the the charge and the t is the time.
Q=20 t=5
I=Q/t
I=20/5 = 4A
Therefore the current flowing through the conductor is 4A.
Voltage is the electrical potential difference between two piont in an electrical circuit.
The unit is volt(v).The formular is V=IR
Example
A current of 2A flows throught a resistor of [Link] the voltage across the resistor
in the electrical circuit.
Solution
V=IR
Where by the I is the current that flow through and the R is also the resistance across
the circuit.
I=2 R=5
V=IR
V=2*5 =10v
Therefore the voltage across the circuit is 10v
V=12 I=3
R=V/I
R=12/3 =4ohms
Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred or used in elctrical
[Link] unit is called [Link] formular for finding the power of an electrical
circuit is P=VI
Example
Find the power of a device if the device operate at 12v and draws current of 2A
Solution
P=VI
Where by the v is the voltage and the I is the current
V=12 I=2
P=VI
P=12*8 =24W
Importance of ohnms law
They helps caculate electrical quantities example current,voltage,resistance.
It helps in troubleshootin.
It ensure safety of electrical devices.
It is used in circuit design.
Kirchhoffs current law
State that at any junction in an electrical circuit,total current entering the junction is
equal to the total current leaving the junctuion. It also state that the algebraic sum of
the current flowing towards a junction is equal to the algebranic sum of the current
flowing away from the junction.
Example
If at a junction current entering is 5A and the one branch leaving is 2A. then find the
other branch ?
Solution
I=5-2=3A
So, 5A=2A+3A
Ttherefore the Law satisfed.
Imoprtance of kirchhoff current law
It helps find unknown branch current.
It essential for analyzing parallel circuit.
Widely used in electrical and electronic circuit design.
Kirchhoffs voltag law
State that in any closed loop electrical circuit the algebraic sum of all is equal to
[Link] when current goes arround close loop rise and also drop.
The total energy gained =total energy used.
Example
Consider a loop with battery of 12v and a voltage of 5v and [Link] the kirchhoff
voltage law .
Solution
12-5-7=0
Therefore the kirchhoff voltage law is satisfied.
Procedures for solving kirchhoff voltage laws
Using the keirchhoff s current laws.
Divide the circuit into two loops.
Apply kirchhoff voltage law to each other.
Solve the equation simultaneously .
Importance of kirchhoff voltage of laws
It helps to calculate unknow voltage and currents.
It helps engineers to predict how current and voltag distribute themselves in
electrical networking.
It helps in circuit analysation.
Nodal analysis
This a powerful ciruit analysis techniqe used to find unknown voltage at circuit
connection point(node)by applying kichhoffs current and ohnms law.
Advantage of nodal analysis
fewer equation for large circuit.
Very effective with current source.
Suitable for both AC and DCcircuit.
Application of nodal analysis
Network and circuit design.
Electrical circuit analysis.
Power system studies.