Introduction
In the early and mid-twenties, socialism adopted many socialist ideas in one
way or another. However, many countries that did socialism, such as Chile,
Hungary, North Korea, and others, failed, and as a result, socialism
deteriorated. But socialism experienced a resurgence in the twenty-first
century. This is due to economic inequality and because of the influence of
socialist politicians. According to a poll by Gallup ,Most people have a
positive view of socialism.
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Definition of socialism
-Socialism is one of the various political and economic theories and refers
to collective or government ownership and the management of the means
of producing and distributing goods
-collective system in which private property lives
-The state society system in which the means of production are owned and
controlled
-The stage of society in the transitional theory between communism and
capitalism, characterized by an unequal distribution of goods, according to
the work done
Socialism is a political and economic system of social organization, as the
means of production and distribution are collectively owned by society, in
contrast to capitalism, which calls for private ownership of the means of
production.
The means of production include such things as land, machinery, and
factories
Collective ownership may take place through the state or through
cooperative societies
One of the most common and widespread misconceptions about socialism
is that individuals are not allowed to own personal items even though
socialism calls for private ownership of the means of production. Except
that it does not own ownership of personal things. Therefore, if the state
adopts socialist ideology, there is no concern that the state will withdraw
special items such as television or books. Since the means of production
under socialism are owned by society as a whole, the value derived from
these means of production belongs to society collectively, where each
person gets a share of the value created by the means of production based
on his contribution.
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Principles of socialism
Some principles include:
-Public Domain
It is the main principle of socialism in a socialist economy. The means of
production and distribution are owned, controlled and organized by the
public through the state or cooperatives.
The main motivation for this is not only the use of means of production for
profit but for the benefit of economic planning, unlike the capitalist
economy where the socialist economy does not move the laws of supply
and demand where all economic activities are planned and coordinated.
A socialist economy relies on the central planning authority to distribute
the revolution rather than on the market
Socialism aims at ensuring that everyone in the socialist economy is in
economic equality
In a socialist economy, basic needs such as food, clothing, and health are
provided by the government without any distinction, and these are among
the greatest benefits of socialism. However, providing the government with
basic needs can lead to public belief that it cannot survive without the
government and this creates an ideal environment for the emergence of
authoritarian governments.
In the socialist economy, there is no competition in the market because the
state is the only entrepreneur, as the state focuses only on providing
necessities, and this leads to a limited choice of consumers.
The state controls and regulates product prices, with states setting both the
market price for consumer goods and the accounting price that helps
managers make decisions about commodity production.
Another major reason behind the progression of socialism is the protection
of the working class from exploitation, where under socialist systems there
is no exploitation as the state takes care of the working class by protecting
labor and the minimum wages.
The characteristics of the socialist system are the collective ownership of
the means of production, which means that the means of production of the
state and all members of society are owned by it and not one individual or
some individuals and includes individual socialist ownership and be on
some simple matters such as consumer goods and household appliances
Collective ownership in socialism contains one of the two images:
-State ownership: is the most common in socialist systems
-Ownership of cooperative societies: Cooperative societies are built until
agricultural land or small factories are acquired, and that is through the
establishment of an association of a number of farmers with the aim of
owning and cultivating agricultural area.
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