Environmental Studies – Module 5 (BCS508)

Latest Developments in Environmental Pollution Mitigation Tools

Objective Type Questions with Answers

1. GIS stands for

a) Generic Information System

b) Geological Information System
c) Geographic Information System
d) Geographic Information Sharing

Answer: c) Geographic Information System

2. Which orbit is most suitable for monitoring dynamic changes on the earth’s surface?

a) Circular orbit
b) Sun-synchronous orbit
c) Near polar orbit
d) Elliptical orbit

Answer: b) Sun-synchronous orbit

3. Remote sensing primarily uses which type of waves?

a) Sonar waves
b) Electric field waves
c) Gamma rays
d) Electromagnetic waves

Answer: d) Electromagnetic waves

4. The relation between wavelength (λ), velocity (c) and frequency (f) is

a) λ = c / r
b) λ = c / f
c) λ = c / h
d) λ = h × c / f

Answer: b) λ = c / f
5. Which of the following is NOT a principle of remote sensing?

a) Interaction of energy with atmosphere

b) Electromagnetic energy
c) Electromagnetic spectrum
d) Interaction of energy with satellite

Answer: d) Interaction of energy with satellite

6. Which wavelength among the following is the shortest?

a) 0.03 km
b) 0.03 m
c) 0.03 mm
d) 0.03 nm

Answer: d) 0.03 nm

7. Blue light in the visible region has a wavelength range of

a) 0.22–0.32 μm
b) 0.24–0.52 μm
c) 0.42–0.52 μm
d) 0.42–0.92 μm

Answer: c) 0.42–0.52 μm

8. Which of the following is NOT a type of scattering?

a) Rayleigh scattering
b) Mie scattering
c) Non-selective scattering
d) Faraday scattering

Answer: d) Faraday scattering

9. Polar orbiting satellites are generally placed at an altitude of

a) 7–15 km
b) 70–150 km
c) 700–1500 km
d) 7000–15000 km

Answer: c) 700–1500 km
10. Electromagnetic waves consist of

a) Electric field only

b) Magnetic field only
c) Both electric and magnetic fields
d) Solar field

Answer: c) Both electric and magnetic fields

11. Change in reflectivity or emissivity with time is known as

a) Spatial variation
b) Spectral variation
c) Temporal variation
d) Radiometric variation

Answer: c) Temporal variation

12. The altitude of a geostationary satellite from the earth is approximately

a) 26,000 km
b) 30,000 km
c) 36,000 km
d) 44,000 km

Answer: c) 36,000 km

13. GIS mainly deals with which type of data?

a) Binary data
b) Numeric data
c) Spatial data
d) Complex data

Answer: c) Spatial data

14. Spatial databases are also called

a) Monodatabases
b) Geodatabases
c) Concurrent databases
d) Relational databases

Answer: b) Geodatabases
15. Successful spatial analysis requires

a) Appropriate software
b) Appropriate hardware
c) Competent user
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

16. Which of the following is an example of GIS hardware?

a) ArcGIS
b) AutoCAD
c) Keyboard
d) Digitization

Answer: c) Keyboard

17. Information in GIS is entered and stored as

a) Panels
b) Layers
c) Dual panels
d) Blocks

Answer: b) Layers

18. Which of the following does NOT come under GIS components?

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) Compiler
d) Data

Answer: c) Compiler

19. Mapmakers use GIS to

a) Store geographic information

b) View geographic information
c) Use geographic information
d) Store, use and view geographic information

Answer: d) Store, use and view geographic information

20. The melting of polar ice is expected to cause a sea-level rise of approximately

a) 10 m
b) 20 m
c) 60 m
d) 100 m

Answer: c) 60 m

21. Which resolution in remote sensing refers to the size of the smallest object that can be
detected?

a) Spectral resolution
b) Radiometric resolution
c) Spatial resolution
d) Temporal resolution

Answer: c) Spatial resolution

22. Which resolution indicates the ability of a sensor to distinguish between different
wavelengths?

a) Spatial
b) Temporal
c) Spectral
d) Radiometric

Answer: c) Spectral

23. Which resolution refers to the frequency of data acquisition of the same area?

a) Spatial
b) Radiometric
c) Spectral
d) Temporal

Answer: d) Temporal

24. Which resolution refers to the sensitivity of a sensor to detect slight differences in energy?

a) Spatial
b) Spectral
c) Radiometric
d) Temporal

Answer: c) Radiometric
25. Which satellite remains fixed relative to the Earth’s surface?

a) Polar satellite
b) Sun-synchronous satellite
c) Geostationary satellite
d) Elliptical satellite

Answer: c) Geostationary satellite

26. Remote sensing without the use of an artificial source of energy is called

a) Active remote sensing

b) Passive remote sensing
c) Dynamic sensing
d) Thermal sensing

Answer: b) Passive remote sensing

27. Which of the following is an example of active remote sensing?

a) Thermal scanner
b) RADAR
c) Multispectral scanner
d) Camera

Answer: b) RADAR

28. Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum is mainly used in thermal remote sensing?

a) Ultraviolet
b) Visible
c) Infrared
d) Microwave

Answer: c) Infrared

29. Which scattering occurs when particles are much smaller than the wavelength of radiation?

a) Mie scattering
b) Non-selective scattering
c) Rayleigh scattering
d) Surface scattering

Answer: c) Rayleigh scattering

30. Which scattering occurs when particle size is larger than the wavelength?

a) Rayleigh scattering
b) Mie scattering
c) Selective scattering
d) Spectral scattering

Answer: b) Mie scattering

31. Which scattering causes clouds to appear white?

a) Rayleigh scattering
b) Mie scattering
c) Non-selective scattering
d) Spectral scattering

Answer: c) Non-selective scattering

32. GIS data representing discrete features like roads and rivers are called

a) Raster data
b) Vector data
c) Attribute data
d) Metadata

Answer: b) Vector data

33. GIS data representing continuous features like elevation are called

a) Vector data
b) Attribute data
c) Raster data
d) Tabular data

Answer: c) Raster data

34. Which GIS operation combines two or more map layers?

a) Buffering
b) Overlay analysis
c) Network analysis
d) Query

Answer: b) Overlay analysis

35. Which GIS function creates a zone around a geographic feature?

a) Overlay
b) Buffering
c) Digitization
d) Geocoding

Answer: b) Buffering

36. Which of the following is NOT an application of GIS?

a) Urban planning
b) Disaster management
c) Weather modification
d) Environmental monitoring

Answer: c) Weather modification

37. Remote sensing data is initially recorded in the form of

a) Hard copy maps

b) Digital numbers
c) Graphs
d) Tables

Answer: b) Digital numbers

38. Which platform carries sensors in remote sensing?

a) Receiver
b) Transmitter
c) Satellite
d) Processor

Answer: c) Satellite

39. Which GIS component includes procedures and methods?

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) People
d) Methods

Answer: d) Methods
40. Which of the following is a major application of remote sensing in environmental studies?

a) Soil erosion mapping

b) Crop yield estimation
c) Forest cover monitoring
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

41. Which remote sensing system works independent of sunlight?

a) Optical sensing
b) Passive sensing
c) Active sensing
d) Visible sensing

Answer: c) Active sensing

42. Which GIS operation is used to study spatial relationships between features?

a) Digitization
b) Overlay analysis
c) Scanning
d) Georeferencing

Answer: b) Overlay analysis

43. Which remote sensing data is best suited for monitoring vegetation health?

a) Microwave data
b) Thermal data
c) Multispectral data
d) Ultraviolet data

Answer: c) Multispectral data

44. Which technology helps in disaster prediction and management?

a) CAD
b) GIS
c) MIS
d) ERP

Answer: b) GIS
45. Which environmental parameter is commonly mapped using GIS?

a) Wind sound
b) Soil moisture
c) Human emotions
d) Vehicle speed

Answer: b) Soil moisture

46. Which satellite orbit allows repeated coverage of the same area at fixed time intervals?

a) Elliptical orbit
b) Polar orbit
c) Sun-synchronous orbit
d) Inclined orbit

Answer: c) Sun-synchronous orbit

47. Which remote sensing technique is useful for night-time observations?

a) Visible sensing
b) Optical sensing
c) Thermal sensing
d) Ultraviolet sensing

Answer: c) Thermal sensing

48. Which GIS component includes trained professionals?

a) Hardware
b) Software
c) People
d) Data

Answer: c) People

49. Which environmental application uses GIS for site selection?

a) Urban planning
b) Weather forecasting
c) Air traffic control
d) Language translation

Answer: a) Urban planning

50. Which remote sensing platform is closest to the Earth?

a) Geostationary satellite
b) Polar satellite
c) Aircraft
d) Space station

Answer: c) Aircraft

51. Which analysis helps in identifying pollution-affected areas?

a) Buffer analysis
b) Overlay analysis
c) Attribute query
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above

52. Which GIS data model represents the real world using points, lines, and polygons?

a) Raster model
b) Vector model
c) Attribute model
d) Tabular model

Answer: b) Vector model

53. Which remote sensing application supports climate change studies?

a) Land surface temperature mapping

b) Road network mapping
c) Population census
d) Building design

Answer: a) Land surface temperature mapping

54. Which technology integrates spatial data with attribute data?

a) GPS
b) GIS
c) RADAR
d) LIDAR

Answer: b) GIS