File Management
Chapter 11
11.1 Generic file type
• Generic file formats can be opened on any platform ( any OS).
• The files may not contain all of the formatting that can be saved in a
package-specific format. (*.xml)
• Using generic formats allows files created on a PC to be read/imported on
an Apple Mac and vice versa.
• Excel spreadsheets (.xlsx). Word documents (.docx), Access database (.accdb)
are not generic files.
11.1 Generic file type
• Common generic text files
• Comma separated values (.csv)
• Text (.txt)
• Rich text format (.rtf)
11.1 Generic file type
• Common generic image files
• Graphic interchange format (.gif)
• Joint photographic expert group (.jpg/.jpeg)
• Portable document format (.pdf)
• Portable network graphics (.png)
• Moving picture experts group layer 4 (.mp4)
11.1 Generic file type
• Common generic audio files
• Moving picture experts group layer 3 (.mp3)
• Common generic files for website authoring
• Cascading stylesheet (.css)
• Hyper text markup language (.htm/.html)
11.1 Generic file type
• Common generic compressed files
• Roshal archive (.rar)
• Zip (.zip)
11.2 Manage files
• Locate and open stored files
* If you want to open a file by using other programs (not default)
• Open the application and load the file from there
• Drag the file into an open application, or
• Right mouse click on the filename and use Open with….
11.2 Manage files
• Save your work
• Work should always be saved using a planned folder structure.
• Choose meaningful file names which give clues as to the contents of the file.
• Task 11 a
• Window explorer <windows> + <e>
11.2 Manage files
• Save, export and print in different formats
• Save – to save the current file with the same filename (ctrl + s)
• Save As – to save the current file with a new name, and/or new file type, and/or in a
new location
• Print – to print the current file (ctrl + p)
• Export – to export, save a copy in .pdf format, or to change the file type in some
packages.
11.3 Reduce file size for storage or transmission
Why reduce file size?
• For efficient use of storage space because all computer systems have
limited storage space.
• For transmitting files from one device to another on the internet because
transmission speed depend on the file size.
• Larger file size take more time to transmit.
11.3 Reduce file size for storage or transmission
• Image files can reduce file size by resizing or resampling image files.
• Resize an image
• Changing the physical dimensions (width & height) of an image.
• Advantage: Reducing the file size of an image so that a web page will be displayed
more quickly
• Disadvantage: Using lower-resolution images, which can appear pixelated, particularly
if you wish to enlarge them.
11.3 Reduce file size for storage or transmission
• Resample an image
• Changing the quality of an image.
• Downsampled : using fewer pixels for the image can reduce the file size and quality.
• Upsampled : adding more pixels for the image and increasing the image quality.
• Task 11b
Lossless & Lossy compression
• Lossless compression reduces files with no loss of information during the
process.
• Therefore this enables the original file to be recreated exactly when
uncompressed.
• Algorithms are used to created reference points for recurring textual
patterns, these are stored and sent with the encoded file.
• When the file is uncompressed, it is reconstructed by using the reference
points to put back the original information. (Zip compression is lossless)
Lossless & Lossy compression
• Lossy compression works by eliminating some bits of information to reduce
the file size,
• It is permanently deletes unnecessary data.
• Lossy compression is used with images, audio and graphics because a loss of
quality is usually a reasonable option.
• However the original file is not retained with lossy compression.
What Is an
Algorithm?
An algorithm is a
finite list of
instructions, most
often used in
Aspect ratio solving problems or
The ratio of the width to the height performing tasks.
of an image or screen