MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) – 20 QUESTIONS
Digestive System (10 MCQs)
1. The primary site for nutrient absorption is:
A. Stomach
B. Jejunum
C. Colon
D. Oesophagus
2. The enzyme responsible for digestion of fats in adults is:
A. Amylase
B. Pepsin
C. Lipase
D. Maltase
3. Bile is produced by the:
A. Pancreas
B. Liver
C. Gall bladder
D. Duodenum
4. The valve between the stomach and duodenum is the:
A. Cardiac sphincter
B. Pyloric sphincter
C. Ileocecal valve
D. Anal sphincter
5. The main function of the large intestine is to:
A. Produce enzymes
B. Absorb water
C. Digest proteins
D. Store bile
6. Protein digestion begins in the:
A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Duodenum
D. Colon
7. The brush border enzymes are found in the:
A. Jejunum
B. Ileum
C. Stomach
D. Mouth
8. The hormone that stimulates bile release is:
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
D. Renin
9. The organ that detoxifies harmful substances is:
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Pancreas
D. Spleen
10. The wave-like muscular contractions that move food are called:
A. Segmentation
B. Peristalsis
C. Churning
D. Retropulsion
Respiratory System (10 MCQs)
11. The functional unit of the lungs is the:
A. Bronchiole
B. Alveolus
C. Larynx
D. Bronchus
12. Gas exchange occurs by:
A. Filtration
B. Diffusion
C. Osmosis
D. Active transport
13. The respiratory centre is located in the:
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Thalamus
D. Cerebrum
14. Surfactant is produced by:
A. Type I alveolar cells
B. Type II alveolar cells
C. Goblet cells
D. Ciliated cells
15. The normal respiratory rate for an adult is:
A. 6–10 bpm
B. 12–20 bpm
C. 20–30 bpm
D. 30–40 bpm
16. The structure that prevents food from entering the airway is the:
A. Glottis
B. Epiglottis
C. Soft palate
D. Uvula
17. The major muscle of inspiration is:
A. Intercostal muscles
B. Diaphragm
C. Abdominal muscles
D. Scalene muscles
18. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood is:
A. Internal respiration
B. External respiration
C. Cellular respiration
D. Ventilation
19. Hyperventilation causes:
A. Increased CO₂
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Low pH
20. The voice is produced in the:
A. Trachea
B. Pharynx
C. Larynx
D. Bronchi
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SAQs) – 40 QUESTIONS
Digestive System (20 SAQs)
1. Define digestion.
2. State the functions of the tongue.
3. List the three salivary glands.
4. Name any two enzymes in pancreatic juice.
5. State two functions of bile.
6. What is peristalsis?
7. Mention two functions of the stomach.
8. List the regions of the small intestine.
9. State two functions of the liver.
10. What is the role of villi in digestion?
11. Name the layers of the gastrointestinal wall.
12. What is chyme?
13. Define absorption.
14. State two functions of the large intestine.
15. Mention two disorders of the digestive system.
16. What is the function of the gallbladder?
17. State the function of the oesophagus.
18. List two digestive hormones.
19. Name two structures found in the oral cavity.
20. Define metabolism.
Respiratory System (20 SAQs)
21. Define respiration.
22. Name two organs of the upper respiratory tract.
23. List two functions of the nasal cavity.
24. What is surfactant?
25. Name the pleural layers.
26. Define tidal volume.
27. State two functions of the larynx.
28. Define external respiration.
29. What is the role of the diaphragm?
30. List the divisions of the bronchial tree.
31. Name any two respiratory muscles.
32. State two functions of alveoli.
33. Define hypoxia.
34. What is oxygen saturation?
35. Name two respiratory diseases.
36. State the function of cilia in the respiratory tract.
37. What is internal respiration?
38. Define pulmonary ventilation.
39. State two factors that influence breathing rate.
40. Name the major respiratory control centres.
C. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LAQs) – 40 QUESTIONS
Digestive System (20 LAQs)
1. Describe the structure and functions of the stomach.
2. Explain the process of carbohydrate digestion and absorption.
3. Describe the steps involved in protein digestion.
4. Discuss the functions of the liver in detail.
5. Explain the role of pancreatic juice in digestion.
6. Describe the structure of the small intestine and explain how it is adapted for
absorption.
7. Discuss the process of fat digestion and absorption.
8. Explain the process of peristalsis.
9. Describe the regulation of digestion by hormones.
10. Explain the process of swallowing (deglutition).
11. Describe the structure and functions of the large intestine.
12. Discuss common disorders of the digestive system.
13. Explain the role of enzymes in digestion.
14. Describe the structure of the liver and its blood supply.
15. Discuss the digestion and absorption of proteins.
16. Explain the defecation reflex.
17. Describe the anatomy of the oral cavity.
18. Discuss the functions of saliva.
19. Explain the mechanisms that protect the stomach lining.
20. Describe the process of gastric secretion.
Respiratory System (20 LAQs)
21. Describe the structure and functions of the respiratory system.
22. Explain the mechanics of breathing (inspiration and expiration).
23. Discuss the exchange of gases at the alveolar level.
24. Describe the transport of oxygen in the blood.
25. Explain the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood.
26. Discuss neural regulation of respiration.
27. Describe chemical regulation of respiration.
28. Explain the role of surfactant in lung function.
29. Describe the structure of the trachea and bronchi.
30. Discuss respiratory volumes and capacities.
31. Explain internal respiration.
32. Describe pulmonary circulation.
33. Explain the effect of exercise on respiration.
34. Discuss common respiratory disorders.
35. Describe the structure and functions of the pleura.
36. Explain the process of voice production.
37. Describe the mucociliary escalator mechanism.
38. Discuss the development of the respiratory system.
39. Describe factors affecting gas exchange.
40. Explain the oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve