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Factorisation Complete Notes

Factorisation is the process of breaking down numbers or algebraic expressions into their factors. It includes methods such as finding common factors, grouping, and using special identities for algebraic expressions. The document also provides exam tips for effective factorisation techniques.

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4 views1 page

Factorisation Complete Notes

Factorisation is the process of breaking down numbers or algebraic expressions into their factors. It includes methods such as finding common factors, grouping, and using special identities for algebraic expressions. The document also provides exam tips for effective factorisation techniques.

Uploaded by

iammirfan3
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FACTORISATION – COMPLETE NOTES (EXAM LEVEL)

1. What is Factorisation?
Factorisation is the process of breaking a number or algebraic expression into smaller parts
(factors) whose product gives the original expression.

Example:
12 = 3 × 4
x² − 9 = (x − 3)(x + 3)

2. Factorisation of Numbers
(a) Factors: Numbers that divide a given number exactly.
Example: Factors of 18 = 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18

(b) Prime Factorisation: Writing a number as a product of prime numbers only.


Example: 18 = 2 × 3²

3. Factorisation of Algebraic Expressions


Method 1: Common Factor (HCF)
6x² + 9x = 3x(2x + 3)

Method 2: Grouping
x² + 5x + 2x + 10 = (x + 5)(x + 2)

Method 3: Quadratic Expressions


2x² + 7x + 3 = (2x + 1)(x + 3)

4. Special Identities
a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)
a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
a³ − b³ = (a − b)(a² + ab + b²)

5. Higher Degree Expressions


x³ + x² + x + 1 = (x + 1)(x² + 1)

6. Exam Tips
• Always take common factor first
• Use identities where possible
• Verify by multiplying

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