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Modulation Questions Solutions

The document provides an overview of various digital modulation techniques, including Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK), and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). It outlines the transmitter and receiver block diagrams for BPSK and BFSK, along with their respective probability of error formulas. Additionally, it describes the error probabilities for QPSK, highlighting its relationship to BPSK channels.

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4 views2 pages

Modulation Questions Solutions

The document provides an overview of various digital modulation techniques, including Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK), and Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK). It outlines the transmitter and receiver block diagrams for BPSK and BFSK, along with their respective probability of error formulas. Additionally, it describes the error probabilities for QPSK, highlighting its relationship to BPSK channels.

Uploaded by

vireshkarjagi9
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Answers for the Questions in the Image

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(9) Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)

Definition:

Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) is a digital modulation technique where two phases of a carrier (0°
and 180°) are used to represent binary 1 and 0.

Transmitter Block Diagram (Explanation):

Binary Data → NRZ Encoder → Multiplier (Mixer) → RF Carrier → BPSK Output

Receiver Block Diagram (Explanation):

Received Signal → Multiplier → Local Oscillator → Low-Pass Filter → Decision Device → Output Bits

Probability of Error (BER) of Coherent BPSK:

BER = Q( sqrt(2Eb/N0) )

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(10) BFSK Generation & Coherent Detection

Generation of BFSK:

Two different frequencies are assigned:

- For Bit 1 → Frequency f1

- For Bit 0 → Frequency f2

Coherent Detection:

Two correlators tuned to f1 and f2 compare outputs to determine the bit.

Signal Space Diagram:

Two orthogonal basis functions are used forming a 2D signal space.

Probability of Error of Coherent BFSK:


Pe = Q( sqrt(2Eb/N0) )

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(11) Probability of Error of QPSK Signal

QPSK Description:

Quadrature Phase Shift Keying uses four carrier phases (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) and transmits 2 bits per
symbol.

BER of QPSK:

Since QPSK = two BPSK channels:

BER = Q( sqrt(2Eb/N0) )

Symbol Error Probability:

Ps = 2Q( sqrt(Es/N0) ) – [ Q( sqrt(Es/N0) ) ]^2

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