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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 discusses Newton's Laws of Motion, defining key terms such as mass, inertia, and force, and explaining the significance of free body diagrams. It outlines Newton's three laws: the first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force; the second law relates force, mass, and acceleration; and the third law emphasizes that forces occur in equal and opposite pairs. Additionally, the chapter covers concepts like weight, tensile force, friction, and the coefficients of kinetic and static friction.

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2 views38 pages

Chapter 3

Chapter 3 discusses Newton's Laws of Motion, defining key terms such as mass, inertia, and force, and explaining the significance of free body diagrams. It outlines Newton's three laws: the first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force; the second law relates force, mass, and acceleration; and the third law emphasizes that forces occur in equal and opposite pairs. Additionally, the chapter covers concepts like weight, tensile force, friction, and the coefficients of kinetic and static friction.

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Code Z
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Chapter 3

Newton’s Laws
New and Old Terms
Mass - a measure of the inertia of an object

Inertia - the tendency of an object to remain at rest, and of a body in motion to


continue moving with unchanged velocity. (A wrecking ball that is the same size as
a beach ball will be harder to start moving, and to stop.)

Force - is the agent of change. This is what changes the velocity of an object. An
external force is on whose source lies outside of the system being considered

The Newton (N) is the unit of Force, which can be broken down into kg*m/s2

Free body diagram - is a graphical tool used in the analysis of mechanical


systems. (Draw one out)
Newton’s First Law
“Every body preserves in its state of being at rest or of moving uniformly straight
forward, except insofar as it is compelled to change its state by forces impressed”

- A body at rest (0 velocity) will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain
in motion all by itself forever, unless some externally applied net force acting
on the body causes it to accelerate (or decelerate)
- Force is the agent of change, and we are talking about forces applied to a
body by some external source to the body.
Newton’s Second Law
The second law is framed in terms of the concept of momentum (p=mv) Ch. 8

- If the resultant force F acting on an object of mass m is not zero, the object
will then accelerate in the direction of the force.
- Acceleration is proportional to force but inversely proportional to mass
- Force is measured in units called Newtons (N) which is equivalent to to kg
time m/s2
Newton’s Third Law
Matter interacts with matter. Forces come in pairs

- For each force exerted on one body, there is an equal, but oppositely
directed, force on some other body interacting with it.
- Often called the Law of Action and Reaction.
- The action and reaction forces act on the two different interacting objects.

Law of Universal Gravitation


- When masses m and M graviationally interact, they attract each other with
forces equal in magnitude.
More Definitions
Weight- Fw is the gravitational force acting doward on an object.

Difference between mass and weight

Tensile force - Ft is the force acting on a string chang or tendon that is applied to
stretch it. Tension is the magnitude of tensile force

Friction force - Ff is a tangential force on an object that opposed the sliding of that
object on an adjacent surface/ Friction is parallel to the surface and opposite to the
direction of motion or impending motion. Only when the applied force exceeds the
maximum of static friction force will the object begin to move
Even more definitions
Normal force FN on an object is being supported by a surface is the component of
the supporting force that is perpendicular to the surface

The coefficient of kinetic friction (uk) is defined for the case in which one surface is
sliding across another at constant speed.

The coefficient of static friction (us) is defined for the case in which on surface is
just on the verge of sliding across another surface. The maximum frictional force
occurs when the object just on the of slipping but is nonetheless at rest.

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