(a) Discuss various forensic technologies used
against internet frauds. (7 Marks Answer)
Internet frauds ko detect, investigate aur prevent karne ke liye alag-alag cyber forensic
technologies use ki jaati hain. Yeh tools aur techniques investigators ko digital evidence collect,
preserve aur analyze karne mein help karte hain.
1. Computer Forensics
Computer forensic techniques computer systems se evidence recover karti hain.
Deleted files recover karna
Browser history analyse karna
Email fraud trace karna
System logs examine karna
Example: Online banking fraud me computer forensic se attacker ka IP aur activity trace hota hai.
2. Network Forensics
Network traffic capture aur analysis karke fraud identify kiya jaata hai.
Packet sniffing
Intrusion analysis
Suspicious IP tracing
Tools: Wireshark, Snort
Use: Phishing, DDoS, fake login attempts detect karna.
3. Email Forensics
Email-based frauds jaise phishing, spoofing, fake messages examine karne ki technique.
Email header analysis
Sender IP trace
Attachment examination
Tools: MailXaminer, Sawmill
4. Mobile Forensics
Smartphones se data extraction for fraud investigation.
WhatsApp chats
Call logs
GPS location
App activity
Use: OTP-based fraud, UPI scam, social media fraud investigation.
5. Malware Forensics
Internet frauds mein malware use hota hai—Trojan, keylogger, spyware.
Malware forensic:
Malware reverse engineering
Behaviour analysis
Finding command-and-control servers
Tools: IDA Pro, OllyDbg
6. Web Forensics
Website-based frauds investigate karta hai.
Fake websites detection
Online transaction tracking
Web server log analysis
Example: Fake banking website banakar fraud ka trace.
7. Cloud Forensics
Cloud environments—Google Drive, AWS, Azure—se evidence collect karne ki technology.
Virtual logs
Account activity
Cloud storage files
Use: Online scams, data theft, cloud account hacking.
Conclusion (1 line for exam)
Forensic technologies help in identifying, investigating and preventing internet frauds by
analysing digital evidence, networks, systems and user activity.
4(b) Explain various kinds of malware used in
cybercrime. (7 Marks Answer)
Malware (Malicious Software) woh software hai jo computer systems ko damage, steal data, ya
unauthorized control lene ke liye use hota hai. Cybercrime mein different types ke malware use
kiye jaate hain.
1. Virus
Self-replicating program jo files aur systems ko infect karta hai.
System slow
Files corrupt
Boot sector damage
Example: ILOVEYOU virus
2. Worm
Self-replicating malware jo network ke through spread hota hai.
Network congestion
Remote system compromise
Example: Morris Worm, Wannacry worm
3. Trojan Horse
Legitimate software jaisa dikhai deta hai, lekin secretly malicious activity karta hai.
Backdoor access
Password stealing
Remote control
Example: Remote Access Trojans (RAT)
4. Spyware
User ki activity secretly monitor karta hai.
Keylogging
Screen capturing
Personal data stealing
Use: Banking fraud, identity theft.
5. Ransomware
Data ko encrypt karke ransom (paise) demand karta hai.
Business shutdown
Data loss
Example: WannaCry, Petya
6. Adware
Unwanted ads display kare — kabhi kabhi user tracking bhi karta hai.
Browser hijack
Slow system
Example: Fireball
7. Rootkits
System ke core (root level) mein hide ho jaata hai.
Attacker ko permanent access
Hard to detect
Use: Long-term cyber attacks.
8. Botnet
Malware infected machines ka network jo attacker ke command par chalti hai.
Use:
DDoS attack
Spam sending
Crypto mining
9. Keylogger
Keyboard inputs record karta hai.
Password steal
ATM fraud
Banking fraud
Conclusion line
These malware types are widely used in cybercrime to steal data, damage systems, extort
money, or gain unauthorized access.